Westward Expansion and Sectionalism

United States Westward Expansion1803-1853

Acquisition Map

NORTHEmerging WEST

SOUTH

1.___________________

2. ___________________

3. _____________

4._______

5. _______

6. ________________

7. _____________

Label your

map like

this:

Do the following on the Map:

• Label the Mississippi River• Draw the Missouri Compromise Line• Label the state of Missouri• Draw the line that divides the Northern

states from the Southern states and the western area

• Label the name of each land acquisition next to each number.

• OUTLINE each acquired territory in a different color.

Fold your Map like this:

West North

South

1. Once you fold your map, draw the following sections on the back of the flap

2. Label each section like this

Answer the Following Questions:

• What geographical feature is the Eastern boundary for the emerging West?

• What compromise line determined which states would have slaves and which would not?

• Give a reason for settlers wanting to move West.

• Give a reason for the conflict over slavery.

• What does “sectionalism mean” based on this map?

“Manifest Destiny”:MANIFEST DESTINY=“OBVIOUS FUTURE”: the belief that it

was America’s destiny and responsibility to control all of North

America, because it was God’s plan.

– To spread DEMOCRACY and Christianity to new lands and

people

– The American People (white) were blessed by God and He

had given them all of North America to control and develop.

– Anyone already living on the land would have to be removed

because it was God’s plan to have white people living there.

– There was no stopping this expansion because it was God’s

plan

MANIFEST DESTINY was achieved in many ways

– Treaties, settlement, purchases, and war

Reasons for Expansion

• Political – desire and necessity

• Economic – more land meant

more opportunity to make money

• Social – Spread religion and open

up more space to live

Political Reasons• Nationalism – Spread democracy from sea to

shining sea because it is the highest form of

government

• National Security – Controlling land up to the

Pacific would secure us against other nations

• A Place on the World Stage – By expanding

we can become more powerful among the

nations of the world.

Economic Reasons• Agriculture – Americans dream of owning their own land and farms

– Frontier land is cheaper and sometimes free!

• Businessmen – Create businesses in newly developing towns and

cities in the West.

• Unemployment in the East – High unemployment in the cities and

job opportunity in the west.

• Southern Slave Owners – Plantation land losing fertility, western

lands offer new, fertile ground.

– More land means more wealth and political power!

• Sea Merchants – Controlling Pacific Coast means ability to trade

with Pacific countries

Social Reasons• Religious Mission – America was destined by God to

expand to the Pacific and bring with it Christianity

• White Superiority – God had blessed Americans

(White Americans) and whatever needed to be done to

expand was acceptable.

• Progress – Americans could make better use of the

land that those currently living there

– We brought God, technology, and civilization

• Population – Population was overflowing in the east

because of high birth rates and IMMIGRATION

Between 1820 and 1850, 4 million People move

West!!!

1. Original 13 Colonies and the United States: 1607-1787

• Key Events: 1. Jamestown 1607

2. Plymouth 1620

3. American Revolution 1776

4. Treaty of Paris 1783

5. Constitution 1787

• Why? Religious freedom, profit, new life, persecution, slavery, land, make money with trade

2. Louisiana Purchase 1803

• Key Events:

1. Jefferson pays France $15

million

2. Lewis and Clark explore

along Missouri River

3. Sacagawea translates

• Why: To control Mississippi

River and port of New

Orleans for farmers; Find a

Waterway to Pacific

3. Florida 1819

• Key Events: 1. Seminole Indians

attacking in U.S. and Slaves escaping to Florida

2. Gen. Jackson invades Florida

3. Adams-Oniz Treaty $5 million

• Why? Stop Indian raids, get slaves back, expand the country.

4. Texas Annexation 1845

• Key events: 1. Stephen Austin brings

settlers

2. Texas Revolution and Republic of Texas (1836-1845)

3. President Polk and Congress annex (add) 1845

• Why? Cotton plantations, spread slavery, more land

5. Oregon Country 1846

• Key Events: 1. President Polk

promises to get Oregon = “54°40 or Fight!”

2. Missionaries come to convert

3. Mountain men create Oregon trail

• Why? New life, spread religion, trade, acquire new land.

6. Mexican Cession 1848

• Key Events:

1. President Polk fights U.S.-Mexican

War ending with the Treaty of

Guadalupe-Hidalgo: $15 million.

2. Gold Rush – 1849 the 49ers

3. Mormons settle Utah

4. California and Santa Fe trail

5. Asian immigrants

• Why? Gold, religious freedom, farming

& ranching, new life, acquire land that

will fulfill Manifest Destiny goal.

7. Gadsden Purchase 1853

• Key Events:

1. Bought from Mexico = $10 million

• Why? Build a railroad across

desert

SECTIONALISM

Area Geography

• North of the Ohio River• Mississippi River• South of the Great Lakes• Atlantic Coast• Appalachian Mountains

• South of the Ohio River• Appalachian Mountains• Mississippi River• Texas• Gulf and Atlantic Coast

• Mississippi River• Missouri River • Rocky

Mountains• Pacific Coast

The NORTH:

Political Leader : • Daniel Webster,

Senator from Massachusetts

• Wanted strong federal government

1. Factory Economy

and Textile Mills

2. Labor: Skilled and

unskilled labor(no

slaves) factory

workers

3. Strongly supported

the tariff

4. Trade and Commerce

Economy:

• 2nd Great Awakening

• The Church of Jesus

Christ of Latter-Day

Saints (MORMONS)

• Reform comes from

religious beliefs of

caring for community

Religion

Society: • Large Cities-

population is on the rise

• Free Blacks and European immigrants

• High literacy ratesIntellect• Spread of Knowledge• Railroads and

Electrical lines throughout

• Steam Power

The WEST:

Political

– Leader: Henry Clay,

Senator from Kentucky

– Wanted a strong federal

government

– Supported the tariff

– Want more roads and

canals

• Agriculture economy

• Free Labor and some slave labor

• small farmers• Ranchers• Gold mining

(California)

Economy:

Religion• Protestant Christianity• Circuit Riders – Traveling

ministers and preachers • Revival Meetings• Mormons travel to Utah to

escape persecution.

Society and Intellectual• European

Immigrants• Families isolated on

farms• Small, new towns• No regular law

enforcement• Women worked

especially hard• One-room school

houses

The SOUTH:Political• Leader: John C.

Calhoun Senator from South Carolina

• Did not want strong federal government.

• Supported State’s Rights

Economy:• Agriculture

economy, Plantations

• Slave labor• Very little

factory industry

• Strongly opposed the tariff

Society• Most wealth belong

to a few plantation owners

• SlaveryIntellectual• Few Railroads and

Power lines• Low literacy rates