Western States Remote Sensing of ET Workshop Boise, 12 October 2011 METRIC TM Consumptive use from energy balance (METRIC) and conventional estimates for basin management, water accounting, and interstate agreements Tim Martin 1 , Phil Burkhalter 1 , Rick Allen 2 ( 1 Riverside Technology inc., 2 University of Idaho)
Western States Remote Sensing of ET Workshop Boise, 12 October 2011 METRIC TM Consumptive use from energy balance (METRIC) and conventional estimates for.
Dec 29, 2015
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Western States Remote Sensing of ET Workshop
Boise, 12 October 2011
METRICTM
Consumptive use from energy balance (METRIC) and conventional estimates for basin management, water
accounting, and interstate agreements
Tim Martin1, Phil Burkhalter1, Rick Allen2
(1Riverside Technology inc., 2University of Idaho)
Irrigation and Water Management Applications
Mapping Evapotranspiration with high Resolution and Internalized Calibration (METRIC)- Satellite-based energy balance, developed by Rick Allen, U. of Idaho
- Supporting Riverside’s applications projects over past five years
Wyoming and Nebraska: North Platte Decree Committee, 2010– Irrigation consumptive use monitoring for interstate water compact
Colorado: Water Conservation Board (NASA ROSES grant, 2007-11) – Comparison of South Platte DSS consumptive use model (StateCU) results
with METRIC base
New Mexico: USBR (NASA ROSES grant, 2010-11)– Application of METRIC as input to water planning model (Upper Rio Grande
Water Operations Model)
Morocco: The World Bank, 2008-10– Irrigation system monitoring and evaluation for $250M system rehabilitation
project; water balance model estimating groundwater abstraction
Wyoming: State Engineers Office, 2011-16– “Assessing Consumptive Water Use Via Remotely Sensed Data”
Conventional and Satellite Remote Sensing ET Methods
Conventional Method ET:– Weather data points, extrapolated – Crop coefficients, assume “well-watered”, single for each crop type– Crop maps or cropping patterns required
Satellite Imagery for Estimating ET:– Energy balance at each “pixel”– Limited or no ground observation required– Valid for natural vegetation– Can assess variability due to:
• Crop constraints (e.g. salinity, disease, pests)• Agronomic practices• Water shortage• Evaporation from bare soil
ET derived from METRIC and conventional StateCU in South Platte R. Basin
Overview 268 ditch service areas 784,449 acres irrigated
Irrigation method 67% flood irrigated 33% sprinkler irrigated
Irrigation source 56% surface water only 18% groundwater only 26% both sw & gw
Major crops• corn• alfalfa• grass • small grains• sugar beets, beans, etc.
StateCU Model comparison with METRIC ET
State of Colorado’s Consumptive Use Model
Calculates irrigation water requirement (IWR), monthly time step, by ditch service area (268)
Parameters include: crop type, reference ET, irrigation efficiency, surface water supply, supplemental groundwater availability, effective precipitation
Reference ET is calculated using a modified Blaney-Criddle
METRIC ET Estimation
From multidate Landsat imagery, computed daily ET images
StateCU crop calendars used for start and end dates
Extensive GIS data used from CDSS (Colorado Decision Support Systems) including: ditch service area, irrigated parcels, crop type, irrigation type, and irrigation water source.
ET,F Results
ETrF estimated for (top) Apr, May, Jun, Jul; (bottom): Aug, Sept, Oct, Nov
Sample ETrF Results
Daily ET expressed as ETrF for 05/12, 07/07, and 09/25 for the area north of Wiggins, CO
METRIC Comparison with SPDSS StateCU Model
Analysis Spreadsheet Tool:
METRIC Comparison with SPDSS StateCU Model
General Analysis Results (268 Service Areas)
Scenario 4 Results – Volume
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 1200000
20000400006000080000
100000120000140000
f(x) = 1.02723312191761 xR² = 0.965894674586642
Service Ar...
StateCU Volume (Acre-Ft)
MET
RIC
Volu
me
(Acr
e-Ft
)
April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
StateCUMETRIC
ET/C
U Vo
lum
e (A
cre-
Ft)
April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
StateCUMETRIC
ET/C
U Vo
lum
e (A
cre-
Ft)
April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
StateCUMETRIC
ET/C
U Vo
lum
e (A
cre-
Ft)
April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
StateCUMETRIC
ET/C
U Vo
lum
e (A
cre-
Ft)
April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
StateCUMETRIC
ET/C
U Vo
lum
e (A
cre-
Ft)
METRIC Comparison with SPDSS StateCU Model
Alfalfa
Detailed Analysis Results (Crop Type) – Volume Plots:
Corn
Dry Beans Grass Pasture
April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov0
100200300400500600700800900
1,000
StateCUMETRIC
ET/C
U Vo
lum
e (A
cre-
Ft)
April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
StateCUMETRIC
ET/C
U Vo
lum
e (A
cre-
Ft)
April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov0
50100150200250300350400450500
StateCUMETRIC
ET/C
U Vo
lum
e (A
cre-
Ft)
April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
StateCUMETRIC
ET/C
U Vo
lum
e (A
cre-
Ft)
METRIC Comparison with SPDSS StateCU Model
Orchard
Detailed Analysis Results (Crop Type) – Volume Plots:
Small Grains
Sod Farm Sugar Beets
METRIC Comparison with SPDSS StateCU Model
General Analysis Results (Geographic Region) – METRIC Map:
METRIC Comparison with SPDSS StateCU Model
General Analysis Results (Geographic Region) – StateCU Map:
METRIC Comparison with SPDSS StateCU Model
Example of daily METRIC ET (in Acre-Ft) by parcel for an area near Fort Morgan, CO for June 24, 2001
Samples of METRIC results after post-processing:
METRIC Comparison with SPDSS StateCU Model
Sample of final monthly METRIC ET totals for June for a ‘groundwater only’ area showing crop type
Samples of METRIC results after post-processing:
North Platte Decree Committee (NPDC)
U.S. Supreme Court decree in 1945 – Interstate river compact among Colorado-Wyoming- Nebraska allocating water
use of N. Platte – Various claims and judgments: 1953, 1986, 1993, 1995, 2001
Specifies Wyoming’s maximum irrigated acres and consumptive use
State of Wyoming’s irrigation monitoring program– Reports annual irrigation and CU – Based on ag statistics = questions of accuracy and reliability – Based on field observation = labor-intensive– Instructed by Court to investigate alternative methods
North Platte Monthly ET(Example Area)
North Platte Irrigated Parcels Assessment
Saratoga Reservoir
Irrigated parcels delineated by Wyoming staff superimposed on METRIC Seasonal ET
METRIC provides ET by pixel; can be used as alternative or complement to field mapping
Morocco: Water Management
Surface water measurement and distribution varies by sector. Groundwater use is mostly unregulated and not measured.
ETa by Month 2006–2007 for Sample Irrigation Sectors (Tadla ORMVA)
Sep 06 Oct 06
Mar 07 Jan 07 Feb 07
Dec 06Nov 06
Apr 07
Jun 07 Aug 07Jul 07May 07
Annual ET for Tadla ORMVA
Monthly Water Balance for Example Irrigation Sector (RD S1.3)
Rd S1.3 '06 - '07
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug MonthlyAvg.
Dep
th (
mm
)
ET Actual Effective Precipitation Surface Water Irrigation Net Groundwater Abstraction
Summary
METRIC-derived ET applications demonstrate value for:– Assessing actual ET in complex irrigation schemes
• Spatial and• Temporal variability
– Unbiased ET estimates– Pre- (and post-) assessment of irrigation system rehabilitation– Monitoring for river compacts and treaties – Water rights conflict resolution– Surface and ground water modeling– Water management decision support
Reliable, spatially distributed ET data used with GIS data and analysis allow very detailed analysis and understanding of ET at parcel level
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