West Slavs Reconstruction of the Slavic temple in Groß Raden The West Slavs are Slavic peoples speaking West Slavic languages. These are the current Slovaks, Czechs, Kashubians, Poles and Sorbs. The northern or Lechitic group includes, along with Polish, the Kashubian and ex- tinct Polabian and Pomeranian languages. The languages of Upper and Lower Lusatia have features in common with both the Lechitic and the Czecho-Slovak group. [1] Culturally, West Slavs developed along the lines of other Western European nations due to affiliation with the Roman Empire and Western Christianity. [2] Thus, they experienced a cultural split with the other Slavic groups: while the East Slavs and most South Slavs converted to Orthodox Christianity, thus being culturally influenced by the Byzantine Empire, the West Slavs along with the westernmost South Slavs (Slovenes and Croats) converted to Roman Catholicism, thus coming under the cultural in- fluence of the Latin Church. 1 History In the Middle Ages the name Wends (probably follow- ing Venedi or Venedae, taken from Jordanes and Tacitus) was applied to Western Slavic peoples. Mieszko I, the first historical ruler of Poland, also appeared as “Dagome, King of the Wends”. The early Slavic expansion began in the 5th century, and by the 6th century, the groups that would become the West, East and South Slavic groups had probably be- come geographically separated. The first independent West Slavic states originate beginning in the 7th century, with the Empire of Samo (623–658), the Principality of Moravia (8th century–833), the Principality of Nitra (8th century–833) and Great Moravia (833–c. 907). The Sorbs and other Polabian Slavs like Obodrites and Veleti Bishop Absalon topples the god Svantevit at Arkona came under the domination of the Holy Roman Empire after the Wendish Crusade [3] in the Middle Ages and had been strongly Germanized by Germans at the end of the 19th century. The Polabian language survived until the beginning of the 19th century in what is now the Ger- man state of Lower Saxony. [4] At this time only 60,000 Sorbs have survived, living predominantly in Lusatia,a region in modern Germany in the states of Brandenburg and Saxony. [5] The central Polish tribe of the Polans created their own state in the 10th century under the Polish duke Mieszko I. For many centuries Poland has had close ties with its western neighbors, with the Polish ruler Bolesław I the Brave declared by Holy Roman Emperor Otto III as Frater et Cooperator Imperii (“Brother and Partner in the Empire”). [6] The precursors of the Czechs (i.e. Bohemians) migrated into Bohemia in the late 6th century and had established various fiefdoms by the 10th century when their rulers eventually became vassals (1002) of the Holy Roman Emperors. Kingdom of Bohemia stayed part of that Empire between 1002–1419 and 1526–1918. Predeces- sors of Slovaks came under Hungarian domination af- ter 907 (doom of the Great Moravia) – together with other Slavic groups as Croats, Slovenians, Dalmatians and Rusyns. Both the Czechs and the Slovaks were under rule of the Habsburg monarchy from 1526 to 1804; then in the Austrian Empire and between 1867–1918 part of Austria-Hungary. 1
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West Slavs
Reconstruction of the Slavic temple in Groß Raden
TheWest Slavs are Slavic peoples speaking West Slaviclanguages. These are the current Slovaks, Czechs,Kashubians, Poles and Sorbs. The northern or Lechiticgroup includes, along with Polish, the Kashubian and ex-tinct Polabian and Pomeranian languages. The languagesof Upper and Lower Lusatia have features in commonwith both the Lechitic and the Czecho-Slovak group.[1]
Culturally, West Slavs developed along the lines of otherWestern European nations due to affiliation with theRoman Empire and Western Christianity.[2] Thus, theyexperienced a cultural split with the other Slavic groups:while the East Slavs and most South Slavs converted toOrthodox Christianity, thus being culturally influencedby the Byzantine Empire, the West Slavs along with thewesternmost South Slavs (Slovenes and Croats) convertedto Roman Catholicism, thus coming under the cultural in-fluence of the Latin Church.
1 History
In the Middle Ages the name Wends (probably follow-ing Venedi or Venedae, taken from Jordanes and Tacitus)was applied to Western Slavic peoples. Mieszko I, thefirst historical ruler of Poland, also appeared as “Dagome,King of the Wends”.The early Slavic expansion began in the 5th century, andby the 6th century, the groups that would become theWest, East and South Slavic groups had probably be-come geographically separated. The first independentWest Slavic states originate beginning in the 7th century,with the Empire of Samo (623–658), the Principality ofMoravia (8th century–833), the Principality of Nitra (8thcentury–833) and Great Moravia (833–c. 907). TheSorbs and other Polabian Slavs like Obodrites and Veleti
Bishop Absalon topples the god Svantevit at Arkona
came under the domination of the Holy Roman Empireafter the Wendish Crusade[3] in the Middle Ages and hadbeen strongly Germanized by Germans at the end of the19th century. The Polabian language survived until thebeginning of the 19th century in what is now the Ger-man state of Lower Saxony.[4] At this time only 60,000Sorbs have survived, living predominantly in Lusatia, aregion in modern Germany in the states of Brandenburgand Saxony.[5]
The central Polish tribe of the Polans created their ownstate in the 10th century under the Polish duke MieszkoI. For many centuries Poland has had close ties withits western neighbors, with the Polish ruler Bolesław Ithe Brave declared by Holy Roman Emperor Otto III asFrater et Cooperator Imperii (“Brother and Partner in theEmpire”).[6]
The precursors of the Czechs (i.e. Bohemians) migratedinto Bohemia in the late 6th century and had establishedvarious fiefdoms by the 10th century when their rulerseventually became vassals (1002) of the Holy RomanEmperors. Kingdom of Bohemia stayed part of thatEmpire between 1002–1419 and 1526–1918. Predeces-sors of Slovaks came under Hungarian domination af-ter 907 (doom of the Great Moravia) – together withother Slavic groups as Croats, Slovenians, Dalmatians andRusyns. Both the Czechs and the Slovaks were underrule of the Habsburg monarchy from 1526 to 1804; thenin the Austrian Empire and between 1867–1918 part ofAustria-Hungary.
1
2 5 SEE ALSO
West Slavic languages
2 West Slavic groups
• Lechitic group
• Poles• Silesians• Kashubians
• Czech–Slovak group[7]
• Czechs• Bohemians• Moravians
• Slovaks
• Sorbs (Serbo-Lusatians)[7]
• Milceni (Upper Sorbs)• Lusatians (Lower Sorbs)
3 Historical West Slavic groups
• Lechitic group[7]
• Masovians• Polans• Lendians• Vistulans• Silesian tribes• Pomeranians[7]
• Slovincians• Polabians[7]
West Slav tribes in 9th/10th century
• Obodrites/Abodrites• Obotrites proper• Wagrians• Warnower• Polabians proper• Linonen• Travnjane• Drevani
• Veleti (Wilzi), succeeded by Lutici (Liu-tici)• Kissini (Kessiner, Chizzinen,Kyzziner)
• Circipani (Zirzipanen)• Tollensians• Redarier
• Ucri (Ukr(an)i, Ukranen)• Rani (Rujani)• Hevelli (Stodorani)• Volinians (Velunzani)• Pyritzans (Prissani)
4 West Slavs from the BavarianGeographer
In 845 the Bavarian Geographer made a list of WestSlavic tribes who lived in the areas of modern day Poland,Czech Republic, Germany and Denmark:
5 See also• West Slavic languages
• East Slavs
• South Slavs
• List of Medieval Slavic tribes
3
6 References[1] Bohemia and Poland. Chapter 20.pp 512-513. [in:] Tim-
othy Reuter. The New Cambridge Medieval History: c.900-c.1024. 2000
[2] Slav - Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
[3] Christiansen, Erik (1997). The Northern Crusades. Lon-don: Penguin Books. p. 287. ISBN 0-14-026653-4.
[4] Polabian language
[5] Die Sorben in Deutschland, M.Schiemann, Stiftung für dassorbische Volk, Görlitz 1997
[6] Rez. MA: M. Borgolte (Hg.): Polen und Deutschland vor1000 Jahren - H-Soz-u-Kult / Rezensionen / Bücher
[7] Jerzy Strzelczyk. Bohemia and Poland: two examples ofsuccessful western Slavonic state-formation. In: TimothyReuter ed. The New Cambridge Medieval History: c.900-c. 1024. Cambridge University Press. 1995. p. 514.
4 7 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES
7 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses
7.1 Text• West Slavs Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Slavs?oldid=668100920 Contributors: The Anome, Space Cadet, Carlossuarez46,Juro, Wereon, Lysy, Piotrus, Balcer, Dbachmann, Pavel Vozenilek, Pokrajac, Grutness, Ghirlandajo, Adrian.benko, PANONIAN, Angr,Rjwilmsi, Erebus555, Olessi, Sbove, Volunteer Marek, RussBot, Molobo, Plk, Lockesdonkey, MStraw, Silar, Aelfthrytha, Kintetsubuffalo,Brianski, Deli nk, OrphanBot, Yulia Romero, Vina-iwbot~enwiki, SashatoBot, LUCPOL, JorisvS, A. Parrot, NeroN BG, Joseph Solisin Australia, Whhalbert, R9tgokunks, Cydebot, Thijs!bot, Smw ny90, MichaelCarl, JAnDbot, Pan Piotr Glownia, CommonsDelinker,Jolo Buki~enwiki, AndreasJSbot, TERIKATA~enwiki, Krzysztoflew~enwiki, WOSlinker, Aymatth2, DjiegerFT, ^demonBot2, VVVBot,Iaroslavvs, Skäpperöd, Pernambuko, Sun Creator, MacedonianBoy, Iohannes Animosus, SchreiberBike, Rossen4, DumZiBoT, Addbot,USchick, AndersBot, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Nallimbot, Noq, Савелий В А, Poetaris, FrescoBot, , HRoestBot, Yatzhek, Jirka.h23, To-beBot, Hedviberit, Mamalala, John of Reading, Нимтар, Look2See1, Dewritech, Wojgniew, Scythia, Piast93, Helpful Pixie Bot, Hmains-bot1, Franek K., Irji2012, Karel Hlaváček z Líbeznic, Samotny Wędrowiec, Michalite, KasparBot and Anonymous: 67
7.2 Images• File:Bishop_Absalon_topples_the_god_Svantevit_at_Arkona.PNG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Bishop_Absalon_topples_the_god_Svantevit_at_Arkona.PNG License: Public domain Contributors: hopegallery.com Original artist:Laurits Tuxen
• File:Lenguas_eslavas_occidentales.PNG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Lenguas_eslavas_occidentales.PNG License: GFDL Contributors: Own work Original artist: Fobos92
• File:Slavic_europe.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Slavic_europe.svg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Con-tributors: self-made - based upon: Image:Slavic europe.png Original artist: CrazyPhunk
• File:WalRhad.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/WalRhad.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors:Transferred from de.wikipedia to Commons.Original artist: The original uploader was JEW at German Wikipedia
• File:West_slavs_9th-10th_c..png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/West_slavs_9th-10th_c..png License:CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Piotrus
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