2012 Sepsis Guidelines Overview Wes Theurer, DO
2012 Sepsis GuidelinesOverview
Wes Theurer, DO
Objectives
Recognize sepsis early Understand therapeutic principles
Cultures before antibiotics Crystalloid fluid resuscitation Antimicrobials Vasopressor agents
Role of imaging and other cultures
Recognition
Sepsis: suspected infection + systemic
manifestations▪ See Table 1
Severe Sepsis Defintion
Severe Sepsis: acute organ dysfunction secondary to documented or suspected infection
Septic Shock: severe sepsis not reversed with fluid resuscitation
More definitions
Sepsis-induced hypotension systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 90 mm Hg
or mean arterial pressure (MAP) < 70 mm Hg or a SBP decrease > 40mm Hg or less than two standard deviations below normal for age in the absence of other causes of hypotension.
Sepsis-induced tissue hypoperfusion infection-induced hypotension that persists
after fluid challenge, elevated lactate, or oliguria.
Cultures
How many? Two (1 or 2 percutaneous, one from
every pre-existing line) Do it before IV Antimicrobials Draw a lactate while you’re at it
Crystalloid
Crystalloid (1B) – 30mL/kg (or more) (1C)
Albumin for those who continue to require lots of crystalloid (2C)
DON’T use hetastarch (1C)
If not responsive to fluids vasopressors
Kill the Bugs
Antimicrobials within one hour!
Which ones? Many options – probably need
combination
Most common organisms
1. Gram positive bacteria2. Gram negative bacteria3. Mixed bacterial organisms
Viral and fungal are not as common but should be considered.
Antibiotics
Combination empirical therapy for neutropenic patients with severe sepsis (grade 2B) and for patients with difficult-to-treat, multidrug- resistant bacterial pathogens such as Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas spp. (grade 2B).
For patients with severe infections associated with respiratory failure and septic shock, combination therapy with an extended spectrum beta-lactam and either an aminoglycoside or a fluoroquinolone is for P. aeruginosa bacteremia (grade 2B).
A combination of beta-lactam and macrolide for patients with septic shock from bacteremic Streptococcus pneumoniae infections (grade 2B).?
Abx stuff continued
Empiric combination therapy should not be administered for more than 3–5 days. De-escalation to the most appropriate single therapy should be performed as soon as the susceptibility profile is known (grade 2B).
Duration of therapy typically 7–10 days; longer courses may be appropriate in patients who have a slow clinical response, un-drainable foci of infection, bacteremia with S. aureus; some fungal and viral infections or immunologic deficiencies, including neutropenia (grade 2C).
Antiviral therapy initiated as early as possible in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock of viral origin (grade 2C).
Antimicrobial agents should not be used in patients with severe inflammatory states determined to be of noninfectious cause (UG).
Vasopressor Agents
1. Norepinephrine – 1st choice vasopressor (to MAP >65 mm HG) (1B)
2. Epinephrine – 2nd line/additional agent (2B)
3. Vasopressin (0.03 U/min) can be added (UB)
Vasopressor agents continued
Dopamine is not recommended (highly select circumstances) (2C)
Dobutamine if myocardial dysfunction (low filling pressures/ cardiac output) (1C)
IV Hydrocortisone – don’t use if fluids and vasopressor therapy work (2C)
Imaging & other cultures
Prompt imaging studies (to confirm source)
Cultures of other sites if doing so does not cause significant delay in antibiotic administration (grade 1C).
Sim Day Suggestion
Rapid Recognition Treatment
ABC’s IV, O2, Monitor Crystalloid resuscitation Blood Cultures, Lactate Broad spectrum antimicrobials Imaging and other cultures judiciously Vasopressors if not responsive to crystalloid Early consultation
Summary
Recognize sepsis early Understand therapeutic principles
Cultures before antibiotics Crystalloid fluid resuscitation (30mL/kg) Broad spectrum antimicrobials within 1 hour Vasopressor agents when crystalloid not
enough Image to confirm infection source Other cultures if no delay for antibiotics
Key Recommendations
Early quantitative resuscitation within 6 hrs of recognition Blood cultures before antibiotics (1C) Prompt imaging studies (to confirm source) Broad spectrum antibiotics within 1 hour of recognition (1B) Goal: severe sepsis without septic shock Crystalloid (initial fluid) (1B) – 30mL/kg (or more) (1C) Albumin for those who continue to require lots of crystalloid (2C) DON’T use hetastarch (1C) Norepinephrine – 1st choice vasopressor (to MAP >65 mm HG) (1B) Epinephrine – 2nd line/additional agent (2B) Vasopressin (0.03 U/min) can be added last (UB) Dopamine is not recommended (highly select circumstances) (2C) Dobutamine if myocardial dysfunction (low filling pressures/ cardiac
output) (1C) IV Hyxrocortisone – don’t use if fluids and vasopressor therapy work
(2C) Hemoglobin goal: 7-9 g/dL (unless other complication (1B)
Reference
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2012 Critical Care Medicine February 2013. Vol. 41. No.2