Welcome to New France!

Welcome to New France!

Where everyone is welcome… but we will judge you.

New France

• Identifying “types of people” in New France• Why would this be a useful thing to do?For example:• What “types of people” does our school have?• What does organizing people into categories

clarify?• What does organizing people into categories

miss?

Meet New France

• What was the Social Structure of New France?• P. 88

Social Structure of New France

• In New France, the most important people were the people that were born into the wealthy elite or the nobility. The most important noble was the King and in order to have any power in New France during the 1600's you had to have money.

• The Catholic church was very important in French society and they ran hospitals, schools, and orphanages. Louis the XIV was the King of France from 1643-1715.

King Louis XIV of France

Absolute Monarch Definition: Leaders have unlimited power over their people. This power is not restricted by a set of rules (constitution) or by parliament or by groups like the aristocracy.

King Louis XIV of France

Absolute Monarch :Characteristics are:1. Only the people selected by the

ruler are allowed to participate in the government

2. Only one person, the king, has the power to make decisions

3. Majority rule does not exist in an absolute monarchy. Minority rule and one person rule exist …. Which in this case was the King of France.

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

Chief Official of France:

Colbert’s role was to be incharge of France’s economy. His idea was to use France’s colonies around the world to make France more powerful. He was interested in mercantilism, where the colonies raw resources would be taken and marketed in France.

Comte De Frontenac

Governor of New France

Role In New France1. Represented the King 2. Highest ranking official in

New France3. Responsible for military

planning, relations with native people, ensuring other officials did their job.

Louis Frontenac:

• Louis was a nobleman who had been loyal to the King and was a noble in France. By 1672, King Louis XIV had appointed Frontenac as the Governor of New France. Frontenac was in charge of the Sovereign Council in New France and proposed many changes that angered members of the council.

• By 1682, Frontenac had be relieved of his position by the King and he lost all of the property he was given.

The Sovereign Council• The Sovereign Council was established in 1663 in order to govern New

France. • This council was broke up into the following sections:1. Governor-This individual represented the King and made military and

defense decisions for the colony. Also, the governor was responsible for dealing with the trade relations with Aboriginals.

2. Intendant: This person was responsible for promoting the colony to be self-sufficient, so they wouldn't have to depend on France for support. Also, this individual would look for ways that France could benefit economically from the colony.

3. Bishop of Quebec: This person was responsible for promoting the spiritual as well as moral guidance to early colonists. Members of the Catholic clergy also played an important role in the governing of the colony. The Catholic church continued to have a very strong influence over the colony, even after New France became a British colony in 1763.

Homework

• Why does the Catholic church not play a significant role in political decision-making in Canada today?

• Why do we have publicly funded catholic schools but not publicly funded schools of other denominations?

• What does the term secular mean?

Marie-Claude Chamois

New France Who’s Who

• P. 94• Habitants: farmers who lived on seigneuries• Seigneuries: large plots of land owned by

seigneurs (landlords) who received the land as grants from the king of France

• Seigneurs were men from noble families

Seigneurial System

Why was the seigneurial system in New France so important to the daily life of the habitants?1. Most days were spent on their land

working away just to survive.2. Had to tend to all the daily needs:

farming, vegetable gardens, family, livestock, etc

3. Each habitant family had to pay monthly rent on the land so they needed to have enough to sell to pay.

Who owned the land in New France? The King of France

Who ran the land on a day to day basis? The Seigneur who looked after the land for a share of the profits. (nobility chosen by the King)

What was the role of the seigneur?Duties included:1. Subdivide the seigneury into 32 hectare parcels and grant land to the habitants.2. Build a house and flour mill on the seigneury.3. Contribute to the construction of a church.4. Report to Intendant information on population, land used and cultivated and dues paid.

Identity Then and Now

• An interview with Gerald Frigon• P. 95

Pierre-Esprit Radisson

Coureur de Bois

• Coureur de bois: runner of the woods• Fur trade• Worked independently for themselves

Journal Entry

• Create a journal entry from the life of a seigneur. What were some of your motivations for getting out of the fur trade? Why would you want to get out of farming? Make your journal entry at least 2 paragraphs in length and be sure to be creative.

Agathe de Saint-Pere

Jean-Alexis Lemoine

Merchants in New France• As we saw more and more settlers moving into New

France, a variety of different businesses sprang up. Blacksmiths, shoemakers, masons, bakers and butchers all started shops in this area.

• These merchants would import goods from France and many would trade these goods with the Innu, the Ouendat, and the Anishinabe.

• These merchants would also buy furs from the Coureurs de bois (the runners of the woods) as well as other settlers. The merchants would then ship these furs to France.

Voyageurs

• New France was inhabited by many voyageurs. Voyageur means traveller. These voyageurs would travel between the fur merchants in Montreal and the fur trade posts on the Great Lakes.

• What do you think were some of the risks associated with being a voyageur?

Francois-Etienne Cugnet

The Catholic Church in New France

• In Europe, there were divisions between the Catholics and Protestants. The two faiths discriminated against each other.

• What does discriminate mean? Do we ever see discrimination in society?

• Britain was a Protestant country and they had laws that prevented Catholics from serving in government.

The Catholic Church in New France

• Jesuits were a Catholic religious order that was a big part of the Catholic religious presence in New France. They established missions in order to convert First Nations people to the Catholic religion.

• The church established schools, orphanages and hospitals and assisted the people of New France with many social services. The Jesuits played an important role in governing the territory

Marguerite d’Youville

• Respond p.103 #1-2

Thirteen Colonies

• Colonies of Britain along the East coast (Atlantic coast) in what is now the United States

• Founded between 1607 and 1776• Declared independence in 1776

Thirteen Colonies

Chapter 3 Review Questions

• P. 104