Welcome to IST 210: Organization of Data. Teaching Team Zihan Zhou – Office hour: 3-4pm Monday or by appointment – Office: 320 IST Building TA: Jian-Syuan.

Welcome to IST 210: Organization of Data

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Teaching Team

• Zihan Zhou– Office hour: 3-4pm Monday or by appointment– Office: 320 IST Building

• TA: Jian-Syuan Wong– Office hour: 3:45-4:45pm Thursday– Location: 321D IST Building

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Course Website• Log into your ANGEL• You will see all course information on

wikispace

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Why Should You Take This Course?

• It is required!– Pre-requisite for other advanced courses

• Why did IST make this course required?– Importance in organizing data, information, and

knowledge

Database

User InterfaceInformation Privacy

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Organization of the data is important

• Have you ever thought about how the data is organized behind these systems? – Class schedule system: http://schedule.psu.edu– Online shopping system: www.amazon.com

• Huge amount of data need to be well organized: we need a database to efficiently and accurately modify and query the data– UPS Technology

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Organization of the data is important

• Web 2.0– http://www.youtube.com

• Web 1.0 vs. Web 2.0• How to deliver Web-2.0 services?

– The central piece -- database• Manage complicated data

– Youtube.com: video clips, users, comments, tags, …– Facebook.com: profiles, photos, music, comments, …

– User interface– Web service: search and data retrieval

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Using Data for Competitive Advantage

• Success of companies relies on – Data: Wall Street companies– Flow of data: FedEx and UPS– Capabilities to extract information from data

• “What Wal-Mart Knows About Customers' Habits”

"And the pre-hurricane top-selling item was _______.“ -- Linda M. Dillman, Wal-Mart's chief information officer

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What is This Course About?

• Database– An effective and efficient way to organize data

• Key issues that will be covered in this course– How to design a database?

• Relational Database, E-R Diagram

– How to query a database?• SQL

– How to build a website connecting with database?• HTML, PHP, web server…

• Examples of course projects in previous classes– http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLTMn5zyFv-AZ3-gxwj-

OxA/videos

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How Will This Course Be Taught?

• Classes– 11:15 AM – 12:05 AM Monday, Wednesday and

Friday in IST Room 110– Lecture, discussion, in-class exercise, projects

• Lab– 2:30 PM – 3:45 PM Wednesday in IST Room 202– Programming, projects

• Semester-long project– Group project on an idea developed by your group.

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Readings for Lectures• Textbook: Database Concepts by Kroenke &

Auer/ Pearson/ 978-0132742924, 6th edition

• Additional readings will be provided – always check the latest schedule on course website!

Previous editions: content should be similar, assignments might be different

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In Classes

• Attendance– Attendance is required for every class!– Attendance check: 5% in final grading– Quiz in class (for attendance check only)– If you are not able to attend class with reasonable

excuse, instructor or TA should be notified before class

• Class rule: Computers will be taken control during lecture time

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After Classes

• Study groups strongly encouraged– Discuss general approaches, not the way to solve the

problems

• Assignments and exams should be finished independently

• Project will be carried as a team (4 persons)• Keep track of up-to-date IT news and events

– See how they can be related to this course

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Labs• Led by TA

– Programming, projects• Individual programming exercises

– Only 5% in final grading• Team project

– A website connecting with database

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Project

• A web-based database system to demonstrate what you have learnt– Data organization to facilitate

• Information access• Information organization and management

– Innovation is strong encouraged!

• Group will be assigned based on your technical backgrounds– Finish the survey on ANGEL before next class!– Group size: 4 students

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Project (cont.)

• Five stage progress reports– Each has a very specific problem related to the project

• One final report – Put all progress reports together

• Make changes based on suggestions from TA and me– Include the final result of your design

• Screen shots of your service• URL pointing to your database

• Final in-class presentation

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Project (cont.)

• Database design– Coding is an integral part of the class

• PHP: HyperText Preprocessor• HTML: HyperText Markup Language• Templates and examples will be provided

– No coding experience• Work hard• Start early• Don’t panic, we will help you

– come to office hour and come to the lab!

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Coding in Fun

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Grading

• Homework: 15%• Exams: 40% = 15% (Midterm) + 25% (Final)• Project: 35%• Lab: 5%• Class attendance: 5%

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Grading: Homework

• Total five homework assignments: 3%*5 = 15%– Due: one week after an assignment is given– Must submit online through ANGEL before deadline

• Cut-off time on ANGEL: midnight• Strict late submission penalty

– After the deadline but less than 24 hours: penalized 10%– More than 24 hours but less than 48 hours late: penalized

30%– No submissions are accepted more than 48 hours late

– Independent work!• Do not exchange your answers with your classmates!• Do not search for solutions online!

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Grading: Exam

• Midterm (15%): Chapter 1-3• Final Exam (25%): Everything we covered in

class, with more focus on Chapter 4-5

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Grading: Project• Group grade

– 3% for each progress report (total 15%)– 10% for the final report– 10% for the final presentation

• Individual adjustment– For each report: 30% is related to individual

contribution and involvement.• Done your part of work: 15%• Participation: 15%

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Some Challenges You Will Face …

• Programming– HTML, PHP, SQL– Do not worry about grading if zero experience

• 5% lab• Programming in projects are done as a team • No programming in assignments, midterm exam and final

• Individual homework assignments– Some are time-consuming– Make good use of the office hours

• Team project– This project is not something you can finish within 3 days, not even 3

weeks!– Team work is the key.

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Policy

• Academic Integrity– Individual assignments must be completed

independently. Students are strongly encouraged to form study groups and to learn from peer students. However, discussion on homework questions in study group should be limited to general approaches to solutions. Specific answers should never be discussed. Penn State's policy regarding Academic Integrity must be followed.

• University policy– http://www.psu.edu/dept/oue/aappm/R-6.html

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Question?

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Chapter 1. Introduction to Database

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Purpose of a Database

• The purpose of a database is to keep track of things

• Unlike a list or spreadsheet, a database may store information that is more complicated than a simple list

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Mini Case

• You are designing our course selection system– What aspects you need to store a record?

• Student ID, Student Name, Student's Department, Email • CourseID, Instructor, CourseName , Location

– What questions (i.e. queries) will users ask?• Student: What class I have registered for this semester?• Instructor: How many students are registered and what

are their backgrounds?

– What tool would you use to manage the data?• Excel?

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An Example List

Can you see any potential problem when using this list?

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Problems with Lists: Redundancy

• In a list, each row is intended to stand on its own. As a result, the same information may be entered several times– If there are 40 students taking IST210, class

information like “CourseID” will be entered 40 times.

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Problems with Lists: Multiple Themes• In a list, each row may contain information on

more than one theme. As a result, needed information may appear in the lists only if information on other themes is also present

Student info Course info

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List Modification Issues

• Redundancy and multiple themes create modification problems– Deletion problems– Update problems– Insertion problems

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List Modification Issues: Delete

Delete: Kate drops 230Problem: Information about Kate AND IST 230 will be lost

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List Modification Issues: Update

Update: IST210 Location ChangedProblem: Need to update multiple rows

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List Modification Issues: Insert

Insert: A new course with no student registered yet

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List Modification Issues: Insert

Insert: A new course with no student registered yetProblem: blank cells for student information

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A Long List to Several Small Lists

Two themes: Student, Course

INFORMATION LOSS! Registration information is not in Student and Course tables

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A Long List to Several Small Lists

PROBLEMS!One cell does NOT allow multiple values. (IMPORTANT! This rule is strictly enforced in database.)

Two themes: Student, Course

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A Long List to Several Small Lists

Student Entity

Course Entity

Student-Course Relationship

Three themes: two entities and one relationship

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A Long List to Several Small ListsStudent

Course

Registration

Key points in splitting: 1. A table must be connected with other table(s) through shared column(s)Student (StudentID) RegistrationCourse (CourseID) Registration2. One cell can only have one value

Revisit previous issues:Insert: A new student not taking any classUpdate: IST210 location changedDelete: Kate drops 230

Use above criteria to check whether you split the tables correctly!

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Exercise

• What are the problems with this table.• Split it into multiple tables.• Check whether you split the table correctly.

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Next Class on Wednesday

• Introduction to data and database (cont.)• HTML basics• Lab exercise after class: IST webspace and a

simple personal webpage

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Remember

• Complete Programming Skill Survey on ANGEL!