Welcome to Immunology Course

Welcome to Immunology Course

IMMUNOLOGY

Prof. dr Vera PravicaProf. dr Dušan PopadićDoc. dr Miloš MarkovićAssist. dr Emina Savić

[email protected]

Tel. 3643-236Facebook: Antitelija Limfocitic

Immunitas (lat.) protection, immunity

organs, tissues, cells and molecules involved in defence of the organism

process that results in immunity

resistant to (infectious) disease

Basic terminology

Immunity

Immunization

Immune

Immune system

state of resistance to (infectious) disease

coordinated activity of the immune system

components

Immune response

Immunis,-e (lat.) protected, immune

Protection of senators against prosecution, tax payment and other civil duties in Antic Rome

Basic function(s) of the immune system

Defense against infectious agents

Recognition and elimination of cancer cells

viruses

bacteria

helmints

fungi

protozoa

- mechanisms of recognition of “danger” signal

- mechanisms of activation and regulation of defense

- effector mechanisms of destruction and elimination of pathogens and neutralization of their harmful products

- mechanisms leading to immune response injurious to own tissue

- possibilities for manipulation of the immune response

IMMUNOLOGY investigates

IMMUNITY

INNATE

(Natural)

(Native)

ADAPTIVE

(Aquired)

Mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity

- amplified upon re-exposure to the same pathogen

- fully functional after certain period (days, weeks)

- appears in vertebrates

INNATE IMMUNITY ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

- filogenetically older

- immediate action

- does not change throughout a lifetime

- early line of defence

Mutually stimulating

- reacts against both infectious and non-infectious substances

- later but more effective

- reacts predominantly against infectious agents

Principle mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity

Properties of adaptive immunity

- diversity and specificity

- memory

- clonal expansion

- autotolerance

- specialization

- stimulation of mechanisms of innate immunity

Types of adaptive immunity

- based on effector mechanismscellular or cell-mediated (T-lymphocytes)humoral (B-lymphocytes)

Types of adaptive immunity

Types of adaptive immunity

- based on effector mechanismscellular or cell-mediated (T-lymphocytes)humoral (B-lymphocytes)

- based on manner of activationactivepassive

- based on mode of inductionnaturalartificial

IMMUNIZATION

PASSIVE

ACTIVE

NATURAL (infection)

ARTIFICIAL (vaccination)

NATURAL(Mother-to-fetus antibody transfer)

ARTIFICIAL (serum therapy)

Simplified presentation of immune network