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Welcome to IHE Geography :Welcome to IHE Geography :Geography of FoodGeography of Food
Geography of Food• Introduction to food consumption, production
and distribution• 1. Housekeeping/syllabus• 2. Types of farming system/agricultural
economy• 2.1 arable, pastoral, mixed farming• 2.2 subsistence & commercial faming• 2.3 sedentary and nomadic (migratory)• 2.4 extensive and intensive farming• 2.5 Case studies – MEDC and LEDCCase studies – MEDC and LEDC• 3. World farming types and distribution
Farming is an industry and operates like other industries. It is a system with:
INPUTS:INPUTS:
These are what go into a farm and can be divided into physical, human and
economic inputs.
PROCESSES:PROCESSES: These are the
activities on the farm which turn the inputs into
outputs.
OUTPUTS:OUTPUTS: These are the products of
the farm. If the farm is to make a profit the value of the
outputs should be greater than that of
the inputs.
Farming systemFarming system
Inputs
labour
capital
seeds
animals
fertilisers
pesticides
Processes
ploughing
sowing
spraying
adding fertiliser
harvesting
grazing
milking
Outputs
wheat
potatoes
barley
seeds
crop waste
milk
hides
wool
eggsprofit
Geography of Food
-IPO for short
The Farmer is very important and is the The Farmer is very important and is the DECISION-MAKER.DECISION-MAKER.
Each individual farmers decision on what crops to grow or animals to rear, and which methods to use to maximise output, depends on an UNDERSTANDING of the most favourable physical and economic conditions for the farm.
Sometimes, the farmer may have several choices and so the decision may depend upon individual likes and expertise. On other occasions the choice may be limited by extreme physical conditions or economic or political pressures.
Farming can be classifiedby Inputs, Processes or Outputs
Farming can be classifiedby Inputs, Processes or Outputs
ARABLE, PASTORALARABLE, PASTORALor MIXEDor MIXED
INTENSIVE orINTENSIVE or EXTENSIVEEXTENSIVE
SUBSISTENCE or SUBSISTENCE or COMMERCIALCOMMERCIAL
What are the different types of farming?What are the different types of farming?
ArablePastoral
CommercialSubsistence
Concentrates on rearing of animals.
Only grows crops e.g. arable farms in East Anglia.
Mixed Mixed Farming:Farming:
Grows crops and rears animals
Producing food only to feed themselves and their families. In LEDC’s most farming is subsistence.
Farmers grow crops and rear animals to sell in order to make a profit. In MEDC’s most farming is commercial.
Extensive Intensive
Where the farm size is very large compared
with either the amount of money spent on it
or the number of people working there.
Where the farm is small in size compared to the numbers working there or the amount of money spent on it, ie have high inputs of labour or capital (money) in order to achieve high outputs per hectare or yield.
SEDENTARY: Settlement is permanent and the landscape is farmed every year.
NOMADICNOMADIC
Nomadic farmers move around to find fresh pasture for animals or new plots of land to cultivate.
In a nutshell for IPO :In a nutshell for IPO :
Recap : Recap : What does IPO stand for?What does IPO stand for?
Classification by INPUTClassification by INPUT
• INTENSIVE farming – high levels of input producing a high yield per hectare.Examples include, arable farming in East Anglia, England and rice farming in South East Asia.
• EXTENSIVE farming – low levels of input producing a low yield per hectare.Example, sheep farming in North Wales
Classification by PROCESSES Classification by PROCESSES Arable vs. PastoralArable vs. Pastoral
Arable
Growing and harvesting of crops
Pastoral
Specialise in rearing of animals
Mixed
Both pastoral and arable farming
Classification by OUTPUTClassification by OUTPUT
• SUBSISTENCE farming
Produce is consumed by the farmer, any surplus is usually
sold to buy other goods
• COMMERCIAL farmingCOMMERCIAL farming
The majority of produce is The majority of produce is sold to make financial profitsold to make financial profit
Climate
Relief (shape of the land)
Soil type
Accessibility to the market and labour supply
The main factors affecting the distribution of farming are:
What effects the distribution of farming ?
CASE STUDY : PRIMARY
INDUSTRY IN UK (MEDC)
VINE HOUSE FARM,
LINCOLNSHIRE.
CASE STUDY : VINE HOUSE FARM,
EAST ANGLIA (LEDC)(an arable farm)
•Where is it ? •What are the inputs, outputs, processes ?
(systems diagram)•How has it changed ?
CASE STUDY : VINE HOUSE FARM,
EAST ANGLIA(an arable farm) Don’t forget to include
KEYWORDS !!
Include simple FACTS !!
Remember to describe its LOCATION.
Summarise-You can’t learn it all
Ask yourself these Ask yourself these questions;questions;1. Where is it ? 1. Where is it ? 2. What are the inputs, 2. What are the inputs, outputs, processes ? outputs, processes ? (systems diagram)(systems diagram)3. How has it changed ?3. How has it changed ?
MEDC : United Kingdom(Detailed)
- The different types of farming system
FARMING IN THE UKFARMING IN THE UK
Market Gardeninginvolves intensivefarming of highvalue fruit and
salad vegetablesin greenhouses
Market Gardeninginvolves intensivefarming of highvalue fruit and
salad vegetablesin greenhouses
FARMING IN THE UKFARMING IN THE UK
Sheep and beefcattle are reared
for wool andmeat, mainly in
upland areas
Sheep and beefcattle are reared
for wool andmeat, mainly in
upland areas
FARMING IN THE UKFARMING IN THE UK
Dairy Farmingis the rearing ofcows for milk,
usually in flatterareas - good grassso lush pastures
Dairy Farmingis the rearing ofcows for milk,
usually in flatterareas - good grassso lush pastures
FARMING IN THE UKFARMING IN THE UK
Arable Farming inthe UK is mainlycereal crops, butalso vegetables
and animal feeds
Arable Farming inthe UK is mainlycereal crops, butalso vegetables
and animal feeds
South Penquite Farm – a case study
South Penquite Farm
South Penquite is a 80 hectare working hill farm situated high on Bodmin Moor in Cornwall.
The farm has a flock of 400 ewes and a herd of 60 cows as well as many horses, ponies, goats, donkeys and chickens.
South Penquite Farm
The farm has achieved organic status under the guidance of the Soil Association. It takes two years to convert the land over which time they have not used any pesticides or nitrogen fertilizers.
South Penquite Farm
South Penquite started the conversion to becoming an organic farm in May 1999 and from June 2001 they have been able to offer organic beef and lamb.
The farm has diversified.
They offer a range of countryside holidays which include camping and horse riding. For the camping they have a limited number of pitches to minimize the impact on the environment. They also have facilities for field studies and opportunities for educational groups to learn about local environment.