1/21/2011 1 Welcome to Chemistry 106 John Keller http://chem.uaf.edu/keller/Courses/106Sp11/ • Syllabus: Text, clickers, OWL, grading, help • Course coverage • Fall 2010 Chem 105: How did it turn out? • What do I need to remember Chem 105? • OWL: Chapter 10 • Organic Chemistry www.uaf.edu/chem/faculty/jkeller/
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Welcome to Chemistry 106 - Department of Chemistry …chem.uaf.edu/keller/Courses/106Sp11/PDF/106Thur-1-21-11.pdfWe will do this again in class ... 1/21/2011 10 2. Chapter 10 ‐Carbon
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1/21/2011 1
Welcome to Chemistry 106
John Keller
http://chem.uaf.edu/keller/Courses/106Sp11/
• Syllabus: Text, clickers, OWL, grading, help• Course coverage• Fall 2010 Chem 105: How did it turn out?• What do I need to remember Chem 105?• OWL: Chapter 10• Organic Chemistry
www.uaf.edu/chem/faculty/jkeller/
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Syllabus
1/21/2011 3
Extra help: Find the ones that suit you, and use them early in the semester.
Problem/Review session Tuesdays 8:10-9:10 PM (201 Reic)JK office hour Thursdays 8:10-9:10 PM (161 Reic)OWL tutorials and exercisesChem 106 teaching assistants office hours (ANY) office hours posted on BlackboardChemistry tutors and computers available in 170 ReichardtYour teaching assistant: extra time in lab and office hoursYour text!
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Real-Time Clicker Registration
You may use the OWL applet, or send it to me by email. We will do this again in class Tuesday.
“Serious clicking” will begin Tuesday, Feb. 1, by which time you should have your clicker registered with JK.
lion : pride :: elephant :
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1. pack2. family3. herd4. brood
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Exam 1
Exam 2
Exam 3
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JK’s Chem 105 Fall 2010 Class – How Did It Turn Out?
American Chemical Society Examinations Institute First Term General Chemistry Exam
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ACS Final Exam Results by Question
The same topics that are hard or easy for YOU, are hard or easy for students NATIONWIDE!
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What do I need to remember from Chem 105?
Significant Figures, Dimensional analysis and Units Names and formulas of ions and ionic compounds Balancing chemical equations Using mole ratios in stoichiometry problems Molarity and using it in dilution problems Ideal gas equation: anytime we discuss P, T and moles of gases. And others…
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2. Chapter 10 ‐ Carbon compounds and organic chemistry
Why is carbon unique? 25,000,000 known organic compounds.Formulas in organic chemistryHydrocarbonsStructural IsomersAlkenesGeometric Isomers
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1) Compared to other Period‐2 atoms, carbon forms most number of bonds (4) (with formal charge = 0).
Carbon is extremely versatile due to having: 1) four bonds and 2) strong C‐C bond
Molecular formula is just a LIST of atoms present C3H6OExample: Acetone (the common solvent)
Condensed formula lists groups of bonded atoms present CH3COCH3
Structural formula (or Lewis structure) shows all bonds and (usually) lone pair electrons. C
HH
HCO
CH
HH
Perspective drawing (or stereochemical structure) shows 3D arrangement of atoms. Line is in plane of paper ( ), WEDGE is UP ( ). DASH is DOWN ( )
O
H H
HHH H
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Organic chemists often use “skeletal formulas”
‐ Many “C”s & “H”s are not shown.‐ Each vertex = one C atom‐ # Hs can be added to obey Octet Rule.‐ N, O, F, atoms must be shown explicitly‐ Each = or ≡ bond must be shown
C
CC C
C
CC
HH
H
HH
HH CH3
HH
H
CH2CH2CH
HH
O
H3C
O
H
O
CH3H3C
O
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Hydrocarbons
Alkanes – all sp3 carbons
Alkenes – one (or more) C=C bond (sp2 C)
Alkynes – one (or more) C≡C bond (sp C)
Cycloalkanes – all sp3 carbons in a ring
CnH2n+2
CnH2n (one ring)
CnH2n (one C=C)
CnH2n‐2 (one C≡C)
NB: OWL would call a cycloalkane an “alkane” because it contains all sp3 carbons.
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A molecular formula can refer to several different structural isomers.
For example C4H10
Fill in H’s to make 4 bonds to C. Gives 10 H’s either way.
(C6H14 on the board – 5 isomers.)
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Isomers differ in the way they are put together, or the order in which the atoms are connected. This is the topology of the molecule, rather than its shape.
CC C C C C C
These are NOT isomers: they all have essentially the SAME linear chain of 7 carbon atoms.
One isomer of C7H16
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Heptane molecular dynamics
HyperChem software using Molecular Mechanics methodComputer, Molecular Dynamics, 1 ps, T = 1300 K
This shows typical behavior of a molecule in the gas phase, which is a combination of many vibrational and rotational motions.
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CCCC C C C
CCCC C C
C
CCCC C
CCCC C
C C
CCCC C
C C
CCCC C
C
C
CCCC C
C
C
CCCC C C CCCC C C
C
CCCC
C
C
C
CCCC C
C
C
CCCC
9 isomers of heptane
How many isomers of pentane (C5H12) are there?
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one
two
three four five six
4
13
55
10
191. one2. two3. three4. four5. five6. six
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Alkane names are based on length of longest chain Need to know C1 – C10 names.