1 Welcome to Biology 101 Human Anatomy & Physiology I A tour through the Visible Human (National Library of Medicine)… 1 Please be sure you initialed the attendance sheet! You should do this each time you come to lecture. General Information • Who am I? – Greg Erianne, Ph.D. – Office SH 205 – See Course Policies for Office Hours 2 – E-mail - CCM: [email protected]– Telephone; 973-328-5377 (voice mail) Marieb’s Human Anatomy and Physiology Ninth Edition Marieb Hoehn 3 Chapter 1 The Human Body: An Orientation Lecture 1
12
Embed
Welcome to Biology 101 Human Anatomy & Physiology Igserianne.com/science/GerianneBio101Su/LectureSlides/Bio101L1.pdfWelcome to Biology 101 Human Anatomy & Physiology I ... Marieb’s
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
1
Welcome to Biology 101Human Anatomy & Physiology I
A tour through the Visible Human (National Library of Medicine)…
1
Please be sure you initialed the attendance sheet! You should do this each time you come to lecture.
Course Web Sites• Our Web sites for this class are located at:
– http://www.gserianne.com/science/GerianneBio101 (Main)• Announcements (VERY IMPORTANT TO LOOK AT FREQUENTLY!)• Syllabus and all lecture/lab schedules• Lecture and Lab slides used in class (ppt and pdf formats)• Supplementary online materials for Lecture and Lab• Lecture and Lab Exam Study Guides• Links to many other sites including McGraw Hill Publisher’s Web site
44
• Extra credit assignments– http://courses.ccm.edu (Blackboard Learn; Secondary)
• You will need your student ID and password for the Blackboard (BB) site• This BB site will be used ONLY grades and grade-related things
– http://masteringaandp.com (from Pearson Science)• You will need the course ID and have to register if you haven’t been to this site
before• Lots of resources to use for A&P I – take advantage of it!
– Printing slides and other materials (see email I sent)
Overview of Today’s Lecture
• Course Web sites and Publisher Web site
• Course Description/Textbook/Lab Book
• Course Objectives and Syllabus Review
• Blueprint for success
5
• Organization of the Human Body
• Characteristics of Life
• Homeostasis
• Anatomical Terminology
Textbook/Laboratory Manual
• Course Description– Lecture / discussion format
• Lectures will follow Marieb’s Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9th edition closely
6
y
– Figures used for class
– Laboratory• Marieb’s Laboratory Manual, 10th
edition
– Reading assignments should be done BEFORE you come to class/lab
3
Major objectives of this course
• In general, you will…– Master the objectives listed in the Study Guides
– Develop a further mastery of scientific/biomedical terminology
F th d l bilit t thi k l i ll d
7
– Further develop your ability to think logically and critically
• Let’s review the syllabus, policies, and handouts…
Blueprint for Success
• Most importantly…– Skim your textbook BEFORE lecture and make notes– Take notes in your own words and become mentally involved
during lecture; review/rewrite your notes after lecture– Ask questions if you don’t understand– Continually review previously learned material
8
– Use all the study aids available to you– ***Before taking the exam, you should be able to take a
BLANK study guide and answer all the questions WITHOUT YOUR NOTES!!!!
• **See the Suggested Study Method on Web gserianne.com Web site – Please review this!!!
• **Be sure to print slides/materials if you want them for class/lab – make a schedule for yourself
Anatomy – study of structure- Gross anatomy – macroscopic (types?)- Cytology (microanatomy) – cells- Histology (microanatomy) – tissues
Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
9
Physiology – study of function- Specialized, e.g., neuro-, cellular-, patho-- Comparative physiology
Structure is always related to function; if structure changes, function changes
What’s this red stuff all about, anyway?
4
How Structure Determines Function
10
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010
Levels of Organization
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010
11
Important Definitions of Organizational Terms
• Cell – The basic unit of biological structure and function (what is a ‘basic unit’ of something?)
• Tissues – A group of cells working together to perform one or more specific functions
12
• Organs – Two or more tissues working in combination to perform several functions
• Organ System – Interaction of organs functioning closely together
5
Movement – change in position; motion
Responsiveness – reaction to a change
Characteristics of Life
What makes something ‘alive’, or living?
13
Growth – increase in size or cell number
Respiration – obtaining oxygen; removing carbon dioxide; releasing energy from foods
Reproduction – production of new organisms and new cells
Absorption – passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids
Assimilation – changing of absorbed substances into
Digestion – breakdown of food substances
Characteristics of Life (cont’d)
14
Circulation – movement of substances in body fluids
Assimilation changing of absorbed substances into different substances
Excretion – removal of wastes
Water- most abundant substance in body (60-80% of BW)- required for metabolic processes- required for transport- regulates body temperature
Requirements of Organisms
15
Food- supplies energy- supplies raw materials to build/replace body components
6
Oxygen- one-fifth of air- used to release energy from nutrients
Heatf f
Requirements of Organisms (cont’d)
16
- form of energy- partly controls rate of metabolic reactions
Pressure- atmospheric pressure – important for breathing- hydrostatic pressure – keeps blood flowing
General Function of Organ Systems
A&P I A&P II
17
Organ Systems – Integument and Skeletal
Be able to identify the organ systems of the human body and their major components; describe the major
18Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001
describe the majorfunctions of each organ system (See Figure 1.3 in Marieb)
7
Organ Systems – Muscular and Nervous
19Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001
Rapidly-acting, short-term control
(Skeletal muscle shown)
Organ Systems – Endocrine and Cardiovascular
20Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001
Slower-acting, longer-term control (compared to nervous system)
Organ Systems – Lymphatic and Respiratory
21Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001
8
Organ Systems – Digestive and Urinary
22Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001
Organ Systems – Reproductive
23Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001
Body’s maintenance of a stable internal environment**Absence of homeostasis = DISEASE
Homeostatic Mechanisms it t f th
Homeostasis
A CRITICAL (and very testable) concept in physiology
24
Homeostatic Mechanisms – monitor aspects of the internal environment and corrects any changes
•Receptors - provide information about environment•Control center - tells what a particular value should be•Effectors - causes responses to change internal environment
9
Homeostasis
The 70 trillion cells in our bodies surround themselves with their own environment. This is the environment that must
26
remain stable despite changes outside.
Major goal of homeostasis is to keep the interstitial fluid consistent
(Interstitial fluid)
Homeostasis
27
Negative feedback – deviation from set point progressively lessens
Positive feedback – deviation from set point gets progressively greater
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010
Homeostasis
• Remember that homeostasis does NOT mean constant!– Continual variations occur in body systems– Gives rise to ‘normal ranges’ (See Appendix B)
28
• Examples of negative feedback (most things)– Temperature regulation, blood pressure, blood
Be able to label ALL parts of this diagram; (What system is each organ a part of?)
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010
Serous Membranes
Be able to label ALL parts of this diagram (What system is each organ a part of?)
33
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th
edition, 2010
Review
• Anatomy = structure; physiology = function
• Structure determines function
Th h b d ( lti ll l i )
34
• The human body (multicellular organisms) can be organized in increasing levels of complexity– Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system
• The eleven organ systems of the body function to maintain homeostasis
12
Review
• Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable (NOT CONSTANT!) internal environment– Requires: receptor(s), control center, and effector(s)
– Typically uses a negative feedback mechanism
• Body cavities are lined by serous membranes
35
• Body cavities are lined by serous membranes– Visceral
– Parietal
• Cross (transverse) sections through the thorax or abdomen can provide lots of information about the relative position of organs within the body cavities.