WELCOME TO A&P UNIT 8 By Vesna Gvozdenovic, RN
WELCOME TO A&P UNIT 8
By
Vesna Gvozdenovic, RN
1. GENERAL ( distributed throughout the body)
2. SPECIAL ( special receptors in localized areas) Eye ( rods and cones) Ear ( organ of Corti and cristae
ampullares Nose ( olfactory cells) Taste buds ( gustatory cells)
Free nerve endings ( skin and mucosa ) Encapsulated nerve endings • Meissner’s corpuscles• Ruffini’s corpuscles• Pacinian corpuscles• Krause’s end-bulbs• Golgi tendon receptors• Muscle spindlesQuestion: where are photoreceptors located?
What is conjunctiva?
What eye structure is involved in a cataract?
Please answer both questions
Myopia ( nearsightedness )
Hyperopia ( farsightedness )
Presbyopia
Astigmatism
Question: do you know what are orthokeratology and vision therapy?
WHAT NUMBER DO YOU SEE?
WHAT NUMBER DO YOU SEE?
1.External ear- Auricle- External auditory canal (tympanic membrane)2.Middle ear- Ear ossicles ( malleus, incus, stapes)- Oval window- Auditory ( Eustachian tube)3.Inner ear- Vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea
1.CONDUCTION IMPAIRMENTS( blockage of the external or middle ear )• Otitis• Otosclerosis2.NERVE IMPAIRMENT• Chronic exposure to loud noise• Presbycusis• Meniere’s diseaseQuestion: what is another name for the
eardrum?
Chemoreceptors = taste buds Located on special tongue areas (papillae) Gustatory cells = specialized cells in taste
buds
Question: If we eat something very spicy, why do we
instinctively reach for ice cubes?
Olfactory receptors = chemoreceptors
Located in the upper part of the nasal cavity
Very sensitive and easily fatigued