Welcome to ACIS 5534 Systems Development. The Nurnberg Funnel.

Welcome to ACIS 5534

Systems Development

The Nurnberg Funnel

The Lecture(The Sage on the Stage)

Overheads

PowerPoint Lectures

Large Lecture Sections

Students in Lecture

Students in PowerPoint Lectures

Classroom Expectations

Tufte’s View of PowerPoint

At the end of the day:a rut is still a rut

No Nurnberg Funnel

Introduction to Concept Mapping & the Relation Element Theory

D.P. Tegarden

all materials made available for educational purposes only not to be used for commercial purposes without written permission

Why Concept Mapping?

Rote Learning (Memorization)vs.

Meaningful Learning

Meaningful Learning

• Learning occurs when new knowledge is added to an existing knowledge structure

• Knowledge is constructed; NOT discovered• Three requirements

– Relevant prior knowledge– Meaningful material– Learner must choose to learn meaningfully

What is a Concept Map?

• Tool for organizing and representing knowledge• Directed Graph-based Knowledge Representation

– Concepts• a perceived regularity in events or objects, or records of events or

objects, designated by a label

– Propositions (Linking Words)• statements about some object or event in the universe, either

naturally occurring or constructed• contain two or more concepts connected with other words to form

a sentence

ConceptMaps

Knowledge

Concepts PropositionsContext

Dependent

Teaching

Learning

To Aid

IS

IS

IS

Represent

HierarchicallyStructured

Are

Combineto Form

Crosslinks

MayBe

Labeled

Creativity

Interrelationships

Aids

Neededto Show

ToShow

Are

PerceivedRegularities

Are

Is a Basis For

Events

Objects

WordsSymbols

Different MapSegments

In

With

In

A concept map showing key ideas and principles exhibited in a good concept map.Based on Figure 3.9 from Joseph D. Novak, Learning, Creating, and UsingKnowledge: Concept MapsTM as Facilitative Tools in Schools and Corporations,Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 1998, p. 32

A Concept map showing that our meanings are a product of our idiosyncratic sequence ofexperiences. Based on Figure 4.1 from Joseph D. Novak, Learning, Creating, and UsingKnowledge: Concept MapsTM as Facilitative Tools in Schools and Corporations, Mahwah,NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 1998, p. 36.

Meanings

Our CognitiveFrameworks

Our Actions Our Emotions

Concepts

Propositions

Personal Idiosyncratic

Experiences

Derive From

Are

From Our

Related To

Combinedto Form

Comprisedof

Accounting

FinancialInformation

System

FinancialStatements

EarningPower &

Solvency ofthe Firm

Stock & BondMarkets

Investors Creditors Managers Society

ResourceAllocations

Loans Shouldbe Made

ManageOperations

Public Needs

Dividends andCapital Gains

Interest andRepayment of

Principle

PerformanceEvaluations

Investors',Creditors' &Managers'Decisions

CompensationContracts

Is A

WhichProduces

Showing That Impact

WhichHelps

Determine Determine If To Evaluate

In ReturnFor

In ReturnFor

LeadingTo

Impacting

WhichInfluence

That MayInfluence

A Concept map that could be used in an introductoryaccounting course. Based on Figure 3 from Bruce A.Leauby and Paul Brazina, Concept Mapping: PotentialUses in Accounting Education, Journal of AccountingEducation, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 123-138, 1998.

Relation Element Theory Relationship Classifications

Class Inclusion Part-Whole Contrasts Similars Case Relationships

(AKindOf/HasKinds) (APartOf/HasParts) (OppositeOf) (SimilarTo) (AssociatedWith)

Perceptual Functional Objects Contradictory Synonymity Agent Actions

Functional Functional Location Contrary Dimensional Similarity Agent Instrument

State Places Directional Attribute Similarity Agent Object

Geographical Organization Reverse Necessary Attribution Action Recipient

Activity Measure Asymmetric Contrary Action Instrument

Action Collection Incompatible Invited Attribution

Ingredients Pseudoantonym

Group

Relation Element Theory Relationships, Definitions, and Examples

Class Inclusion: AKindOf vs. HasKinds

Relationships in this classification involve one concept that “subsumes” the other concept. For example, HorseAnimal; RoseFlower; ChairFurniture, HammerTool; PolioDisease; FearEmotion; ChessGame; TheftCrime; VirginiaState; LectureTalk; FryCook

Part Whole: APartOf vs HasParts

Relationships in this classification involve one concept that “envelops” the other concept. For example, EngineCar; LeafTree; StoveKitchen; KitchenHouse; TreeForest; BlacksburgVirginia; Virginia TechACC; CheesePizza; WoodTable; ProfessorFaculty; SecondMinuteHourDayWeekMonthYear

Contrasts:OppositeOf

Relationships in this classification involve concepts that oppose or contrast each other. For example, OldYoung; HappySad; AliveDead; MaleFemale; AttackDefend; BuySell; FrontBack; RightLeft; HappyMorbid; HotCool; DryMoist; PopularShy; BelieveDeny

Similars:SimilarTo

Relationships in this classification involve concepts that are similar to each other. For example: CarAuto; BuyPurchase; SmileLaugh; AnnoyTorment; BachelorUnmarried; TowerHigh; RakeFork; PaintingMovie

Case Relationships:AssociatedWith

Relationships in this classification involve concepts that use, make, or are described by other concepts. For example, ArtistPaint; DogBarking; FarmerTractor; SoldierGun; BakerBread; SculpterClay; SitChair; HuntPrey; CutKnife; DrinkCup; FoodTasty; EmployeeSkill

ConceptMaps

Knowledge

Concepts PropositionsContext

Dependent

Teaching

Learning

AssociatedWith

HasKinds

AssociatedWith

HierarchicalStructures

APartOf

Crosslinks

Labels

Creativity

Interrelationships

PerceivedRegularities

Events

Objects

WordsSymbols

Different MapSegments

APartOf

HasParts

HasKinds

HasKinds

AssociatedWithAssociatedWith

AssociatedWith

AssociatedWith

HasKinds

AssociatedWith

AssociatedWith

AssociatedWith

AssociatedWith

Meanings

Our CognitiveFrameworks

Our Actions Our Emotions

Concepts

Propositions

Personal Idiosyncratic

Experiences

HasParts

AssociatedWith

PartOf

HasParts

AssociatedWith

AssociatedWith

Accounting

FinancialInformation

System

FinancialStatements

EarningPower &

Solvency ofthe Firm

Stock & BondMarkets

Investors Creditors Managers Society

ResourceAllocations

Loans Shouldbe Made

ManageOperations

Public Needs

Dividends andCapital Gains

Interest andRepayment of

Principle

PerformanceEvaluations

Investors',Creditors' &Managers'Decisions

CompensationContracts

AKindOf

AssociatedWith

AssociatedWith AssociatedWith

AssociatedWith

AssociatedWith

AssociatedWith AssociatedWith AssociatedWith AssociatedWith

AssociatedWith AssociatedWith AssociatedWith AssociatedWith

AssociatedWith