Welcome “ Preflight Briefing ”

WelcomeWelcome “ “Preflight BriefingPreflight Briefing””

Seat Belt ?Seat Belt ? Emergency Exits ?Emergency Exits ? Loss of Cabin Pressure ?Loss of Cabin Pressure ? Overwater Flight !Overwater Flight !

Now SeriouslyNow Seriously……

OVERWATER FLIGHTOVERWATER FLIGHTDitching And Water SurvivalDitching And Water Survival

Bob WolinBob WolinAdapted largely from a presentation byAdapted largely from a presentation by

David C. “Hoss” RobertsonDavid C. “Hoss” Robertson

““FLIGHT PLANFLIGHT PLAN”” Threat of DitchingThreat of Ditching Before You GoBefore You Go Survival EquipmentSurvival Equipment Offshore OperationsOffshore Operations Ditching ProceduresDitching Procedures Ditching ChecklistDitching Checklist

Splashdown & Splashdown & EgressEgress

Survival in the Survival in the WaterWater

RescueRescue Helicopter Pick-upHelicopter Pick-up

CAP REQUIREMENTSCAP REQUIREMENTS Overwater = Flight past Overwater = Flight past power offpower off gliding distance from land gliding distance from land Flights are limited to 50 NM from shore, except with NOC approvalFlights are limited to 50 NM from shore, except with NOC approval All crew and Pax All crew and Pax must wearmust wear life preservers life preservers Inflatable rafts for all on boardInflatable rafts for all on board Anti-exposure suits if water is 60 degrees or less, unless waived by Anti-exposure suits if water is 60 degrees or less, unless waived by

Wing CommanderWing Commander Must have a pyrotechnic signaling deviceMust have a pyrotechnic signaling device Airborne repeater must be used of out of radio rangeAirborne repeater must be used of out of radio range Night over-water – both pilot and observer must be instrument Night over-water – both pilot and observer must be instrument

qualified and currentqualified and current CD – CAPR 60-6 §3-2 a.2. – PIC 500 hours and instrument qualified CD – CAPR 60-6 §3-2 a.2. – PIC 500 hours and instrument qualified

and currentand current

Threat of DitchingThreat of Ditching

Topics includeTopics include……– WeatherWeather– Fuel ExhaustionFuel Exhaustion– Air Crew Member FatigueAir Crew Member Fatigue– Mechanical FailureMechanical Failure

WeatherWeather Get Detailed Preflight BriefingGet Detailed Preflight Briefing Get In-flight UpdatesGet In-flight Updates Watch Changing Weather PatternsWatch Changing Weather Patterns

Fuel ExhaustionFuel Exhaustion Fill Tanks to Weight LimitFill Tanks to Weight Limit Monitor Fuel UsageMonitor Fuel Usage Do NOT Fly Into Fuel ReserveDo NOT Fly Into Fuel Reserve

– FAR 91.151FAR 91.151 VFR/Day = intended landing plus 30 minutesVFR/Day = intended landing plus 30 minutes VFR/Night = “ “ “ 45 minutesVFR/Night = “ “ “ 45 minutes

– FAR 91.167 For IFR RequirementsFAR 91.167 For IFR Requirements

Air Crew Member FatigueAir Crew Member Fatigue Do NOT Fly Unless HealthyDo NOT Fly Unless Healthy

– AIM AIM ““IM-SAFEIM-SAFE” ” ChecklistChecklist Abort Flight If Feeling IllAbort Flight If Feeling Ill

– Be Honest with Yourself & CrewBe Honest with Yourself & Crew Lookout for Each Other Don’t be a “Hero”Lookout for Each Other Don’t be a “Hero” Train Observers to “Pinch Hit”Train Observers to “Pinch Hit” Not scheduled for more than 8 flight hoursNot scheduled for more than 8 flight hours May not exceed 10 hours flight time during a 14-hour May not exceed 10 hours flight time during a 14-hour

crew duty day, without wing commander approval!crew duty day, without wing commander approval! 10-hour crew rest period between duty days10-hour crew rest period between duty days

AIM “AIM “IM-SAFEIM-SAFE” Checklist” Checklist IIllnessllness MMedicationedication

SStresstress AAlcohollcohol FFatigueatigue EEmotion/motion/EEating &ating &

EExercisexercise

Mechanical FailureMechanical Failure

Annual Aircraft / 100 hour InspectionAnnual Aircraft / 100 hour Inspection Conduct a Thorough Pre-flight Conduct a Thorough Pre-flight

Inspection & Inspection & Use the ChecklistUse the Checklist!! ABORTABORT Flight at The Flight at The FIRSTFIRST Sign of Sign of

TroubleTrouble

Before You GoBefore You Go

Topics includeTopics include……– Dress For The FlightDress For The Flight– Inspect Survival GearInspect Survival Gear– Crew BriefingCrew Briefing– Flight PlanningFlight Planning– Air Traffic RulesAir Traffic Rules

Dress For The FlightDress For The Flight

Based On the Mission & PICBased On the Mission & PIC Keep Keep CriticalCritical Items On Items On YouYou!! Nomex Flightsuit Nomex Flightsuit -or- Mustang suit / -or- Mustang suit /

Aircrew Dry Coverall, if water temp is Aircrew Dry Coverall, if water temp is below 60 F & air temp below 85below 60 F & air temp below 85

Polyester? Polyester? No, due to fire No, due to fire characteristicscharacteristics!! ((OK, for OK, for passengerspassengers).).

Hearing Protection, but Hearing Protection, but nono hats on the hats on the flight line!flight line!

Mustang “Gumby” ADC SuitsMustang “Gumby” ADC Suits

ADC/Survival Suit required when…ADC/Survival Suit required when…

Mustang “Gumby” ADC SuitsMustang “Gumby” ADC Suits

MAC 10 or MAC 100MAC 10 or MAC 100 Nomex, flightsuit style Nomex, flightsuit style

design & storage pocketsdesign & storage pockets Buoyancy of 18 – 21 lbs, Buoyancy of 18 – 21 lbs,

more than the 15.5 lbs more than the 15.5 lbs required for a PFDrequired for a PFD

Neoprene hood & inflatable Neoprene hood & inflatable survival mitts optional.survival mitts optional.

Inspect Survival GearInspect Survival Gear Inventory Items - Location of Equipment Inventory Items - Location of Equipment

(aircraft, raft, PFD?)(aircraft, raft, PFD?) Check Battery Life - Radios/LightsCheck Battery Life - Radios/Lights Expiration Dates on FlaresExpiration Dates on Flares Condition of Flotation GearCondition of Flotation Gear

- PFDs - PFDs -Rafts-Rafts

More on Survival Equipment Shortly

Crew/Passenger BriefingCrew/Passenger Briefing Operation of Aircraft Exits & Seat BeltsOperation of Aircraft Exits & Seat Belts Location of Survival Equipment/RaftsLocation of Survival Equipment/Rafts Use of Personal Flotation Devices (PFDs) & Use of Personal Flotation Devices (PFDs) &

Communications GearCommunications Gear Crew/Passenger DisciplineCrew/Passenger Discipline Emergency Alerting SignalsEmergency Alerting Signals Required Actions In Case of DitchingRequired Actions In Case of Ditching Emergency Egress Procedures & After Egress Emergency Egress Procedures & After Egress

PlanPlan

Flight PlanningFlight PlanningFAA Flight Plan (VFR & IFR)FAA Flight Plan (VFR & IFR)Check Check ALLALL Available Resources Available ResourcesMilitary Airfield Clearance/DD-175?Military Airfield Clearance/DD-175?DVFR Flight Plan and Discrete Codes?DVFR Flight Plan and Discrete Codes?Radio Guard & Radio LogRadio Guard & Radio Log VFR/Local Area, To & From Air StationVFR/Local Area, To & From Air Station File With a “Cap Flight” #, File With a “Cap Flight” #, notnot “N” “N”

Aircraft Traffic RulesAircraft Traffic Rules

MUSTMUST Follow FARs Follow FARs Do Do notnot Annoy Persons, Wildlife or Property Annoy Persons, Wildlife or Property Squawk Codes for Squawk Codes for SARSAR & VFR & VFR ““OPS NORMAL” Reports, Single-Engine = 15 OPS NORMAL” Reports, Single-Engine = 15

minutes, Multi-Engine = 30 minutesminutes, Multi-Engine = 30 minutes Consider hazardous 10 minute reporting with the Consider hazardous 10 minute reporting with the

Hazardous Area Reporting Service in designated Hazardous Area Reporting Service in designated areas – not in the Gulf Coast, but can request from areas – not in the Gulf Coast, but can request from ATC. AIM §4-1-21ATC. AIM §4-1-21

Survival EquipmentSurvival Equipment((** = = MinimumMinimum CGA CGA IndividualIndividual Required) Required)

** PFDs, 1 Per Seat PFDs, 1 Per Seat * * SeaSea Dye MarkerDye Marker ** MK-3 Signal Mirror MK-3 Signal Mirror * * WhistleWhistle * * PocketPocket KnifeKnife ““Space” BlanketSpace” Blanket First Aid KitFirst Aid Kit

** MK-124 Smoke/Flare MK-124 Smoke/Flare ** MS-2000 Strobe Light MS-2000 Strobe Light ** Chem/Light Sticks Chem/Light Sticks EPIRB/ELTEPIRB/ELT RaftsRafts

Personal Floatation Device (PFD)Personal Floatation Device (PFD)

PFDs Two StylesPFDs Two Styles Manual CO2 activationManual CO2 activation

– Orange 485 CG-LPSVOrange 485 CG-LPSV Single oral inflation tubeSingle oral inflation tube

– Black 489 CG Pro VestBlack 489 CG Pro Vest Dual oral inflation tubesDual oral inflation tubes

Sea Dye MarkerSea Dye Marker

MIL-S-17980MIL-S-17980 Fluorescent GreenFluorescent Green Visible for 10 milesVisible for 10 miles From 3,000 ft. altitudeFrom 3,000 ft. altitude Average usage time = 20 Average usage time = 20

– 30 minutes– 30 minutes Scull water, return dye to Scull water, return dye to

pouchpouch Re deploy as neededRe deploy as needed

MK-3 Signal MirrorMK-3 Signal Mirror

NSN 6350-01-455-NSN 6350-01-455-66956695

Two sizes = 3” x 5” or Two sizes = 3” x 5” or 2” x 3”2” x 3”

Flash can be seen for Flash can be seen for over 100 milesover 100 miles

Usable even if overcastUsable even if overcast Instructions on backInstructions on back

Signal Mirror EffectivnessSignal Mirror Effectivness

WhistleWhistle

MIL-W-1053MIL-W-1053 Plastic constructionPlastic construction Attached lanyardAttached lanyard Can be heard over ¼ Can be heard over ¼

mile awaymile away Signal other Signal other

crewmemberscrewmembers Signal SAR personnelSignal SAR personnel

G/P Pocket KnifeG/P Pocket Knife

MIL-K-818MIL-K-818 General purpose General purpose

pocket knifepocket knife Stainless steelStainless steel 2 3/8” Spear blade2 3/8” Spear blade Can openerCan opener PunchPunch ScrewdriverScrewdriver Cap lifter & shackleCap lifter & shackle

Survival “Space” BlanketSurvival “Space” Blanket

Opens to 56” x 84”Opens to 56” x 84” Orange/Silver MylarOrange/Silver Mylar Reflects sunReflects sun Retains 80-90% of Retains 80-90% of

body heatbody heat

MK -124 MOD 0 Smoke FlareMK -124 MOD 0 Smoke Flare

NSN 1370-01-030-8330NSN 1370-01-030-8330 Day/Smoke, Night/FlareDay/Smoke, Night/Flare Remove black rubber cap(s)Remove black rubber cap(s) Day end has red sliding activatorDay end has red sliding activator Night end has two metal ridge Night end has two metal ridge

bands & clear/white sliding bands & clear/white sliding activatoractivator

Once activator is slid into Once activator is slid into position, depress with thumbposition, depress with thumb

Strobe LightStrobe Light

MS-2000MS-2000 NSN 6230-01-411-8535NSN 6230-01-411-8535 High intensity Xenon StrobeHigh intensity Xenon Strobe 25,000 peak lumens, per flash25,000 peak lumens, per flash Visible up to 2 milesVisible up to 2 miles 50 flashes per minute50 flashes per minute Waterproof down to 33 feetWaterproof down to 33 feet Sliding switch usable w/flight glovesSliding switch usable w/flight gloves Uses 2, AA batteries Uses 2, AA batteries

Chemical Light SticksChemical Light Sticks

Cyalume Snap LightCyalume Snap Light 6” long6” long Non-toxicNon-toxic Bend tube & shake to activateBend tube & shake to activate Typical duration = 8 – 12 hoursTypical duration = 8 – 12 hours If you buy at the store, be sure they If you buy at the store, be sure they

haven’t been cracked open in the haven’t been cracked open in the packagepackage

Inflatable Single Place Life RaftInflatable Single Place Life Raft

One person ISPLROne person ISPLR Weighs only 5.4 lbsWeighs only 5.4 lbs Twin chamber buoyancy tube Twin chamber buoyancy tube

provides 180 lbs of buoyancyprovides 180 lbs of buoyancy Two 75 gram CO2 inflation Two 75 gram CO2 inflation

cylinderscylinders Attached canopyAttached canopy Sea anchorSea anchor Board from the front, toeBoard from the front, toe

Optional EquipmentOptional Equipment

Insect repellantInsect repellant Waterproof matchesWaterproof matches Sunscreen creamSunscreen cream Pocket compassPocket compass Survival knife(s)Survival knife(s) Water packetsWater packets 2-way radio/PLB2-way radio/PLB Aerial FlaresAerial Flares Waterproof bag(s)Waterproof bag(s) High energy snack(s)High energy snack(s)

Offshore OperationsOffshore Operations Overwater = Flight past Overwater = Flight past power offpower off gliding distance from land gliding distance from land Flights are limited to 50 NM from shore, except with NOC approvalFlights are limited to 50 NM from shore, except with NOC approval All crew and Pax All crew and Pax must wearmust wear life preservers life preservers Inflatable rafts for all on boardInflatable rafts for all on board Anti-exposure suits if water is 60 degrees or less, unless waived Anti-exposure suits if water is 60 degrees or less, unless waived

by Wing Commanderby Wing Commander Must have a pyrotechnic signaling deviceMust have a pyrotechnic signaling device Airborne repeater must be used if out of radio rangeAirborne repeater must be used if out of radio range Night over-water – both pilot and observer must be instrument Night over-water – both pilot and observer must be instrument

qualified and currentqualified and current CD – CAPR 60-6 §3-2 a.2. – PIC 500 hours and instrument CD – CAPR 60-6 §3-2 a.2. – PIC 500 hours and instrument

qualified and currentqualified and current

Ditching ProceduresDitching Procedures

Have a Ditching PlanHave a Ditching Plan Recognize The Emergency EARLYRecognize The Emergency EARLY Use a Ditching ChecklistUse a Ditching Checklist PRACTICE Ditching ProceduresPRACTICE Ditching Procedures

– On the ground/classroom (1 minute drill)On the ground/classroom (1 minute drill)– At altitude (1,000 foot drill)At altitude (1,000 foot drill)

Ditching ChecklistDitching Checklist Best Angle Of GlideBest Angle Of Glide Turn INTO WindTurn INTO Wind Attempt RestartAttempt Restart Transponder 7700Transponder 7700 Transmit MAYDAYTransmit MAYDAY ELT OnELT On Ignition & Master OFFIgnition & Master OFF

Seat Belts TIGHTSeat Belts TIGHT Doors UNLOCKED & Doors UNLOCKED &

AJARAJAR Secure or Jettison Secure or Jettison

Loose Items -or-Loose Items -or- Touchdown NOSE Touchdown NOSE

HIGH & Minimum HIGH & Minimum AirspeedAirspeed

Touchdown on Touchdown on Crest/Backside Crest/Backside Of SwellsOf Swells

Wind < 15 KTSWind < 15 KTS– Touchdown Parallel With SwellsTouchdown Parallel With Swells

Wind > 15, < 30 KTSWind > 15, < 30 KTS– Touchdown 1/2 Way Between Swells & Touchdown 1/2 Way Between Swells &

WindWindWind > 30 KTSWind > 30 KTS

– Touchdown Into The WindTouchdown Into The Wind

Splashdown And EgressSplashdown And Egress ShockShock

– PhysiologicalPhysiological– PsychologicalPsychological

InjuriesInjuries– TypesTypes– PreventionPrevention

EgressEgress– Seven Step MethodSeven Step Method

7 Steps to Underwater 7 Steps to Underwater EgressEgress 1. Establish good reference point1. Establish good reference point 2. Remove everything, except seat belt2. Remove everything, except seat belt 3. Open Exits, doors, windows3. Open Exits, doors, windows 4. Reestablish reference point4. Reestablish reference point 5. Take deep breaths often as possible5. Take deep breaths often as possible 6. Stop everything, count 5-8 seconds6. Stop everything, count 5-8 seconds 7. Hand-over-hand egress method!7. Hand-over-hand egress method!

Survival In The WaterSurvival In The Water FlotationFlotation First AidFirst Aid HypothermiaHypothermia Predator FishPredator Fish SignalingSignaling

Raft Survival Raft Survival S – SeparateS – Separate L – LubricateL – Lubricate I – Inspect for sharp objectsI – Inspect for sharp objects P – Penetrate the RaftP – Penetrate the Raft

AAAA Raft Survival AAAA Raft Survival A – Air A – Air A – AssistA – Assist A – AnchorA – Anchor A – AccessoriesA – Accessories A – Assess your situationA – Assess your situation

HypothermiaHypothermia

Body Core TemperatureBody Core Temperature Body Heat LossBody Heat LossHeat Loss PreventionHeat Loss Prevention

– ““HELP”HELP” MethodMethod HHeateat EEscapescape LLesseningessening PPostureosture

– Huddle MethodHuddle Method

HypothermiaHypothermia Survival TimesSurvival Times

Survival SwimmingSurvival Swimming Topics includeTopics include…… Familiarity With Water EnvironmentFamiliarity With Water Environment Drown ProofingDrown Proofing Treading WaterTreading Water

Familiarity With WaterFamiliarity With Water

Biannual Swim, (with PFD)Biannual Swim, (with PFD) Learn to Relax In The WaterLearn to Relax In The Water PFD Use/OperationPFD Use/Operation Raft DrillsRaft Drills PRACTICE!PRACTICE!

Drown ProofingDrown Proofing Conserves Energy & Helps Stay AfloatConserves Energy & Helps Stay Afloat Place Most of The Body UnderwaterPlace Most of The Body Underwater Bend Slightly At Waist, Chin on Chest, Bend Slightly At Waist, Chin on Chest,

Arms on SurfaceArms on Surface Lift Head to Exhale, Inhale, And Lift Head to Exhale, Inhale, And

Return To Rest PositionReturn To Rest Position AVOIDAVOID in in HypothermiaHypothermia Conditions Conditions

Treading WaterTreading Water Lean Slightly Forward, Keep Most of Lean Slightly Forward, Keep Most of

The Body ImmersedThe Body Immersed Use a Modified “Frog” KickUse a Modified “Frog” Kick Scull With Hands PlanedScull With Hands Planed OKOK in Hypothermia Conditions in Hypothermia Conditions Uses More Energy HoweverUses More Energy However

RescueRescue Stay Calm, DON’T PanicStay Calm, DON’T Panic Get In Raft, Stay TOGETHERGet In Raft, Stay TOGETHER Average Military Rescue Time = Average Military Rescue Time =

4 Hours4 Hours Once In Raft Fire ONE Flare, Once In Raft Fire ONE Flare,

Save OthersSave Others Most Victims Die RIGHT AS Most Victims Die RIGHT AS

Rescuers Arrive - DON’T GIVE Rescuers Arrive - DON’T GIVE UP!!UP!!

Helicopter Pick-UpHelicopter Pick-Up

Once Visually Sighted, Use Flare, Once Visually Sighted, Use Flare, Smoke Or MirrorSmoke Or Mirror

Prepare For Prepare For StrongStrong Rotor Down Rotor Down Drafts (secure loose gear and Drafts (secure loose gear and abandon & deflate your raft)abandon & deflate your raft)

DoDo EXACTLYEXACTLY What The Rescue-What The Rescue-Swimmer Says!Swimmer Says!

DoDo NOTNOT Try To “Assist” The Try To “Assist” The Rescue-SwimmerRescue-Swimmer

Thank You Very MuchThank You Very Much““A safe flight, is no accident!”A safe flight, is no accident!”

Final Comments & QuestionsFinal Comments & Questions