WELCOME

WELCOME

To discover a new thing about English Grammar

DO YOU KNOW?

We can report the words of a person to another person in two ways

First, by reporting words as they were

For example:Susan said,” My father is a doctor’’Second, by reporting words in our own

wayFor example:Susan said that her father was a doctor.

NARRATION

DIRECT AND INDIRECT.

The first way of reporting is called DIRECT NARRATION or DIRECT SPEECH

The second way is called INDIRECT NARRATION or INDIRECT SPEECH

LET US KNOW MORE.

A sentence in Direct Narration has two parts

Susan said, “ My father is a doctor.”Susan said REPORTING VERBMy father is a doctor REPORTED

SPEECH

RULES TO FOLLOW

If the reporting verb is in the present or future tense, the tense of the reported speech does not change.

I say,’’ I have lost my pen.’’I say that I have lost my pen.

He will say,’’ She loves him.’’He will say that she loves him.

EXAMPLES

He said,’’ I am well.’’He said,’’ I am

reading.’’He said,’’ I have done

this.’’He said,’’ I have been

playing the whole day.’’

He said that he was well.

He said that he was reading.

He said that he had done that.

He said that he had been playing the whole day.

If the reporting verb is in the past tense, the tense of the reported speech changes as under.

1.Present indefinite2.Present continuous.3.Present perfect.4.Present perfect

continuous.

1.Past indefinite.2.Past continuous.3.Past perfect.4.Past perfect

continuous.

DO REMMEMBER. PAST INDEFINITE changes to PAST

PERFECT. She said,’’ I did the work.’’ She said that she had done the work. PAST CONTINUOUS changes to PAST

PERFECT CONTINUOUS. Rohit said,’’ I was reading a book.’’ Rohit said that he had been reading a book.

Some more changes.

That in the place of inverted commas.Today changes into that dayYesterday ,, previous dayTomorrow ,, next day.This/ these ,, that / those.Now ,, thenHere ,, there.Shall / Will ,, should / would

LET US TRY.

1.The teacher said,’’ It rained heavily.’’ The teacher said that it had rained heavily.2.He said to me,’’ You are clever.’’ He told me that I was clever.3.She said,’’ I have lost my purse.’’ She said that she had lost her purse.4.Mohan said,’’ I did not sleep yesterday.’’ Mohan said that he had not slept the day

before or the previous day.5.She said,’’ I will beat him.’’ She said that she would beat him.

CLASS WORK

1.He said,’’ I work very hard.’’2.Women will say,’’ Men are cruel’’.3.Sohan says,’’ He is an honest man.’’4.The gardener said,’’ Flowers have

bloomed.’’5.I said,’’ I cooked food.’’

HOME WORK

Make a table of the changes of tenses while changing a direct narration to indirect narration.

THANK YOU

Prepared by SANJAY KUMAR TGT English.