WELCOME

BY NANA BY NANA

YAW OSEI YAW OSEI

THOMPSONTHOMPSON

04/21/2304/21/23

WELCOME

BY NANA YAW OSEI THOMPSONBY NANA YAW OSEI THOMPSON04/21/2304/21/23

A PRESENTATION ONA PRESENTATION ON

THE HEART ANDTHE HEART AND

CARDIO-VASCULAR CARDIO-VASCULAR

DISEASESDISEASES

WHAT IS THE HEARTWHAT IS THE HEART 1. Leb, (1. Leb, (labe )labe ): : The heart very widely The heart very widely

for the feelings, the will and even for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the centre the intellect; likewise for the centre of anything.of anything.

2. Lebab, 2. Lebab, (lay-bawb‘)(lay-bawb‘): the heart (as : the heart (as the most interior organ)the most interior organ)

3. Ardia kardia, (3. Ardia kardia, (kar-dee'-ahkar-dee'-ah): the ): the thoughts or feelings (mind); also thoughts or feelings (mind); also (by analogy) the middle.(by analogy) the middle.

04/21/2304/21/23 BY NANA YAW OSEI THOMPSONBY NANA YAW OSEI THOMPSON

WE ARE GOING TO TALK ABOUT WE ARE GOING TO TALK ABOUT (LEV)(LEV)


IMPORTANCE OF THE HEART IMPORTANCE OF THE HEART ACCORDING TO THE BIBLEACCORDING TO THE BIBLE

For the life of the flesh is in the For the life of the flesh is in the blood: and I have given it to you blood: and I have given it to you upon the altar to make an upon the altar to make an atonement for your souls: for it is the atonement for your souls: for it is the blood that maketh an atonement for blood that maketh an atonement for the soul. (LEVITICUS 17:11)the soul. (LEVITICUS 17:11)



INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Globally, Globally, cardiovascular cardiovascular diseases are the diseases are the number one cause of number one cause of death and is projected death and is projected to remain so. to remain so.


POINTS TO BE POINTS TO BE CONSIDEREDCONSIDERED

What is the cardio-vascular system?What is the cardio-vascular system?What are cardio-vascular diseases?What are cardio-vascular diseases?What are the types of cardio-What are the types of cardio-

vascular disease?vascular disease?The risk factors of CVDs.The risk factors of CVDs.The common symptoms of CVDs.The common symptoms of CVDs.The prevention of CVDs.The prevention of CVDs.Biblical helpBiblical help


CARDIO-VASCULAR SYSTEM.CARDIO-VASCULAR SYSTEM.1.1. The body system that provides all the The body system that provides all the

tissues and cells with all that they need to tissues and cells with all that they need to live is the cardiovascular system (the heart live is the cardiovascular system (the heart and blood vessels). and blood vessels).

2.2. It comprises the heart, veins, and It comprises the heart, veins, and lymphatic system, may be considered the lymphatic system, may be considered the life giving transportation system of the life giving transportation system of the body.body.

3. Also called the circulatory system, it 3. Also called the circulatory system, it pumps the equivalent of 4,000 gallons of pumps the equivalent of 4,000 gallons of blood around the body each day, driving blood around the body each day, driving this body with over 85,000 heart beats.this body with over 85,000 heart beats.


WHAT ARE CARDIOVASCULAR WHAT ARE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (C.V.DS)?DISEASES (C.V.DS)?

Cardiovascular Cardiovascular diseases are diseases diseases are diseases that attack the that attack the cardiovascular system. cardiovascular system.


TYPES OF CARDIO-VASCULAR TYPES OF CARDIO-VASCULAR DISEASESDISEASES

Coronary heart disease (heart attack)Coronary heart disease (heart attack) StrokeStrokeRaised blood pressure(hypertension): Raised blood pressure(hypertension):

The most common CVD.The most common CVD.Peripheral artery diseasePeripheral artery diseaseRheumatic heart diseaseRheumatic heart diseaseCongenital heart diseaseCongenital heart disease Heart failure. Heart failure.


DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HEART ATTACK AND HEART HEART ATTACK AND HEART

FIALUREFIALUREHeart attack describes the situation in Heart attack describes the situation in

which the heart is unable to deliver which the heart is unable to deliver adequate blood to satisfy the oxygen and adequate blood to satisfy the oxygen and nutritional needs of the body at rest and nutritional needs of the body at rest and during normal physical activity during normal physical activity WHILEWHILE in in a heart failure the arteries that supply a heart failure the arteries that supply the myocardium become narrowed and the myocardium become narrowed and hardened, an imbalance between oxygen hardened, an imbalance between oxygen demand and delivery can develop. demand and delivery can develop.



RISK FACTORSRISK FACTORS Age Age Family history of premature cardiovascular diseaseFamily history of premature cardiovascular disease SmokingSmoking DiabetesDiabetes Sedentary life styleSedentary life style Alcohol consumptionAlcohol consumption Tobacco consumptionTobacco consumption Emotional stressEmotional stress ObesityObesity Physical inactivityPhysical inactivity Unhealthy diet (diet high in saturated fats and Unhealthy diet (diet high in saturated fats and

salt).salt).


COMMON SYMPTOMS OF CARDIOVASCULAR COMMON SYMPTOMS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASESDISEASES

Often, there are no symptoms of the Often, there are no symptoms of the underlying disease of the vessels. A underlying disease of the vessels. A heart attack or stroke may be the first heart attack or stroke may be the first warning sweat; and becoming pale.warning sweat; and becoming pale.

Women are more likely to have Women are more likely to have shortness of breath, nausea, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, and back or jaw pain.vomiting, and back or jaw pain.

The most common symptom of a The most common symptom of a stroke is sudden weakness of the stroke is sudden weakness of the face, arm, or leg, most often on one face, arm, or leg, most often on one side of the body. side of the body.


CONTINUEDCONTINUEDOther symptoms include sudden onset of: Other symptoms include sudden onset of:

numbness of the face, arm, or leg numbness of the face, arm, or leg especially on one side of the body; especially on one side of the body; confusion, difficulty seeing with one or confusion, difficulty seeing with one or both eyes; difficulty walking, dizziness, loss both eyes; difficulty walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordinationof balance or coordination

Severe headache with no known cause; Severe headache with no known cause; and fainting or unconsciousness.and fainting or unconsciousness.

People experiencing these symptoms People experiencing these symptoms should seek medical care immediately.should seek medical care immediately.


PREVENTIONPREVENTION Life style adviceLife style adviceDietary advice (diet rich in fruit and Dietary advice (diet rich in fruit and

vegetables and low in saturated fats vegetables and low in saturated fats and salt)and salt)

Moderation of alcohol consumptionModeration of alcohol consumptionCessation of tobacco use reduces the Cessation of tobacco use reduces the

chance of a heart attack or strokechance of a heart attack or stroke


CONTINUEDCONTINUEDUndertaking aerobic exerciseUndertaking aerobic exerciseBeing overweight increases the risks of Being overweight increases the risks of

heart attacks and stroke. To maintain heart attacks and stroke. To maintain an ideal body weight, take regular an ideal body weight, take regular physical activityphysical activity

Engaging in physical activity for at least Engaging in physical activity for at least 30 minutes every day of the week will 30 minutes every day of the week will help to prevent heart attack and strokehelp to prevent heart attack and stroke

Have your blood pressure check Have your blood pressure check regularly.regularly.


BIBLICAL HELPBIBLICAL HELP Pr 20:1 Wine is a mocker, strong drink is Pr 20:1 Wine is a mocker, strong drink is

raging: and whosoever is deceived thereby raging: and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise.is not wise.

Pr 21:17 He that loveth pleasure shall be a Pr 21:17 He that loveth pleasure shall be a poor man: he that loveth wine and oil shall poor man: he that loveth wine and oil shall not be rich.not be rich.

And God said, Behold, I have given you And God said, Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, which is upon the every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat. Genesis 1:19you it shall be for meat. Genesis 1:19

CONTINUEDCONTINUED1Ti 4:8 For bodily exercise profiteth 1Ti 4:8 For bodily exercise profiteth

little: but godliness is profitable unto little: but godliness is profitable unto all things, having promise of the life all things, having promise of the life that now is, and of that which is to that now is, and of that which is to come. {little: or, for a little time}come. {little: or, for a little time}

Read the book of LeviticusRead the book of Leviticus



Please Please Question Question

TimeTime

THERE IS THERE IS

HOPE FOR HOPE FOR DISDIS EASEEASE



CONCLUSIOCONCLUSIONNPeople experiencing risk People experiencing risk

factors identified with factors identified with cardiovascular diseases should cardiovascular diseases should report to the appropriate report to the appropriate institutions for advice. And institutions for advice. And also, changing of risky also, changing of risky lifestyles can help curb the lifestyles can help curb the situation.situation.


END OF PRESENTATIONEND OF PRESENTATION

THANK YOUTHANK YOU


BYE BYE HAVE A BYE BYE HAVE A WONDERFUL WONDERFUL

VASCULAR LIFEVASCULAR LIFE


NOW LET US CONSIDER THENOW LET US CONSIDER THE

CVDs IN FULL CVDs IN FULL DETAILSDETAILS


STROKE:STROKE: Stroke is the obstruction in or Stroke is the obstruction in or haemorrhages of blood vessels haemorrhages of blood vessels in and around the brain which in and around the brain which lead to the death of brain lead to the death of brain tissue. The most common tissue. The most common cause of stroke leading to the cause of stroke leading to the death of brain tissue is cerebral death of brain tissue is cerebral infarction resulting from infarction resulting from atherosclerosis (blockage) of atherosclerosis (blockage) of the cerebral vessels. the cerebral vessels.


cerebral infarction can also result from cerebral infarction can also result from a cerebral embolism in which an a cerebral embolism in which an embolus or blood clot breaks loose embolus or blood clot breaks loose from another site in the body and from another site in the body and lodges in a cerebral artery, reducing or lodges in a cerebral artery, reducing or restricting blood flow distal to the clot. restricting blood flow distal to the clot. Cerebral haemorrhage is the other Cerebral haemorrhage is the other principal cause of stroke and the result principal cause of stroke and the result of a ruptured artery that bleeds into the of a ruptured artery that bleeds into the substance of the brain or into the fluid-substance of the brain or into the fluid-filled spaces over the surfaces of the filled spaces over the surfaces of the brain.brain.


HYPERTENSION (RAISED HYPERTENSION (RAISED BLOOD PRESSURE):BLOOD PRESSURE):

This is the most frequent of the This is the most frequent of the cardiovascular diseases. cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension is simply a Hypertension is simply a condition in which the blood condition in which the blood pressure is chronically elevated pressure is chronically elevated above levels considered above levels considered desirably for the person’s age desirably for the person’s age and size.and size.This is influenced by This is influenced by overweight, diet (high sodium overweight, diet (high sodium intake).intake).


CONGESTIVE CONGESTIVE HEART FAILUREHEART FAILURE::

This describes the situation in This describes the situation in which the heart is unable to which the heart is unable to deliver adequate blood to deliver adequate blood to satisfy the oxygen and satisfy the oxygen and nutritional needs of the body at nutritional needs of the body at rest and during normal physical rest and during normal physical activity. With chronically activity. With chronically reduced blood delivery, there is reduced blood delivery, there is an excessive accumulation of an excessive accumulation of fluid in the body. fluid in the body.


The excess fluid retention The excess fluid retention combined with the failure of combined with the failure of the heart is called congestive the heart is called congestive heart failure. Three kinds of heart failure. Three kinds of impairment of heart function impairment of heart function can lead to congestive heart can lead to congestive heart failure; a diminished force of failure; a diminished force of contraction of the ventricles, a contraction of the ventricles, a mechanical failure in filling of mechanical failure in filling of the ventricles during diastole.the ventricles during diastole.


PERIPHERAL VASCULAR PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASEDISEASE::

Peripheral vascular diseases Peripheral vascular diseases involve both the arterial and involve both the arterial and venous blood vessels. venous blood vessels. Peripheral arterial diseases Peripheral arterial diseases are of 4 kinds:are of 4 kinds:Occlusive, in which blood flow Occlusive, in which blood flow is blocked, Vasospastic, in is blocked, Vasospastic, in which small arteries constrict which small arteries constrict or go into spasm; functional, or go into spasm; functional, in which the small arteries in which the small arteries dilate. dilate.


CORONARY HEART CORONARY HEART DISEASE (HEART DISEASE (HEART

ATTACK):ATTACK): Coronary heart disease also referred Coronary heart disease also referred to as coronary artery disease is a to as coronary artery disease is a major form of cardiovascular disease. major form of cardiovascular disease. As the arteries that supply the As the arteries that supply the myocardium become narrowed and myocardium become narrowed and hardened, an imbalance between hardened, an imbalance between oxygen demand and delivery can oxygen demand and delivery can develop. develop.


This is most likely to occur This is most likely to occur during periods of emotional during periods of emotional stress or during exercise when stress or during exercise when the heart is beating at a rate well the heart is beating at a rate well above resting levels. above resting levels. The oxygen and energy demand The oxygen and energy demand of the heart are highly rated of the heart are highly rated (r=0.88) to the heart rate, that is, (r=0.88) to the heart rate, that is, the higher the heart rate the the higher the heart rate the higher the oxygen and energy higher the oxygen and energy demands of the heart.demands of the heart.


CAD (Heart Attack) CAD (Heart Attack) cont…cont…

when the coronary artery become when the coronary artery become narrowed to a certain critical point it narrowed to a certain critical point it is no longer possible to supply is no longer possible to supply sufficient oxygen to the heart at the sufficient oxygen to the heart at the highest heart rate thus, demand highest heart rate thus, demand exceeds supply, when this occurs the exceeds supply, when this occurs the individual will typically feel chest individual will typically feel chest pressure, a sharp pain or a dull ache. pressure, a sharp pain or a dull ache. Sometimes radiating up into the neck Sometimes radiating up into the neck and left shoulder and down the left and left shoulder and down the left arm. This transient chest discomfort arm. This transient chest discomfort is referred to as angina pectoris. is referred to as angina pectoris.


This is as a result of lack of This is as a result of lack of adequate blood flow in that adequate blood flow in that section of the myocardium to section of the myocardium to the narrowed section of the the narrowed section of the coronary artery. This coronary artery. This narrowed section of the narrowed section of the coronary artery may close coronary artery may close totally, or a blood clot in this totally, or a blood clot in this area resulting in a myocardial area resulting in a myocardial infection or heart attack. infection or heart attack.


RHEUMATIC HEART RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASEDISEASE: :

This is the result of This is the result of rheumatic fever, a disease rheumatic fever, a disease caused by a streptococcal caused by a streptococcal infection of the upper infection of the upper respiratory tract. Patients respiratory tract. Patients with rheumatic heart disease with rheumatic heart disease are prone to develop are prone to develop infection of the heart valves infection of the heart valves or the lining of the heart or the lining of the heart (endocarditic). .;(endocarditic). .;


CONGENITAL CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTSHEART DEFECTS::

These diseases include These diseases include narrowed heart valves narrowed heart valves (steriosis), constriction of (steriosis), constriction of the aorta (coarctation), the aorta (coarctation), septal defects, and septal defects, and abnormal shunts of abnormal shunts of blood.blood.


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