What makes oil so valuable and also so challenging? Real World Reading Comprehension Genre A Nonfiction Article in a newspaper or magazine tells facts about a person, place, or event. Evaluate Persuasion Persuasion is a method of getting other people to agree with your ideas or opinions. Oil field worker W hat can you find deep beneath Earth’s surface? Here’s a hint: it’s shiny, sticky, slick, and very powerful. It’s oil. Oil began forming hundreds of millions of years ago as plant and animal remains were covered with layers of rock. Over the ages, those remains decayed. They turned into a mighty black brew that we use to make fuels. Fuels, such as gasoline, are energy sources that are usually burned to produce power. Some nations sit atop huge underground lakes of oil. Other places, such as Japan and some European countries, have little or no oil of their own. The United States produces oil, but it also buys about 59% of what it needs. “Prairies are beautiful places,” says Mackenzie Burkhart. “The long, flowing grass looks just like the ocean.” This sixth-grader from Park Ridge, Illinois, worries that nuclear reactors threaten the prairies in his state. A dozen reactors produce nearly three-quarters of all the electricity for the state. Mackenzie believes nuclear reactors have the potential to be extremely dangerous. In an accident at a nuclear power plant, nuclear waste could leak out. That could have devastating effects on the plants and animals of the prairies. Burkhart’s proposed solution: Provide energy from a more environmentally safe source—windmills! Big, colorful windmills caught Mackenzie’s eye while he was on vacation in Denmark with his family. “Windmills were everywhere, and they provided power for much of the country,” he says. Not only would windmills be environmentally safer, but, as Mackenzie points out, they are also a renewable source of power. Unlike fossil fuels or even nuclear fuels, he says, “wind is endless.” Go On Mackenzie Burkhart Answer Questions Test Strategy Author and Me The answer is not always directly stated. Think about everything you have read to figure out the best answer. 478 Find out more about renewable energy sources at www.macmillanmh.com A windmill farm in California uses clean technology to turn wind energy into electricity. H igh wind speeds in the San Gorgonio Pass make conditions just right for delivering clean electricity to homes. Since 1998, Californians have been able to choose the source of their electricity. I am proud to say that my parents switched to a clean source of electrical power. Though it costs a bit more to generate electricity from wind than from fossil fuels, my parents decided to help the environment. They knew that burning fossil fuels always releases pollutants into the air. “Choosing wind or solar power is the key to making sure that Earth’s future is bright,” says Nancy Hazard. Part of an organization that promotes the use of non- polluting energy sources, Ms. Hazard also says, “Creating that vision and really going for it—that’s how we’ll get energized!” Around the globe, more people than ever are willing to pay extra for clean sources of energy. If you live in a place where power might be generated with a clean technology, get things rolling by talking to your parents and teachers. Remember: “Clean Energy for a Bright, Pollution-Free Future!” Tiayana Banks, Palm Springs, CA Vocabulary electrical globe fuels decayed Real World Reading 472 Weekly Literature Week At A Glance Tested Skills for the Week Read-Aloud Anthology Listening Comprehension Readers’ Theater • • Vocabulary/ Comprehension Weekly Theme: Energy Power Source Whole Group VOCABULARY electrical, globe, fuels, decayed Context Clues/Definitions COMPREHENSION Strategy: Evaluate Skill: Persuasion TEST STRATEGY Author and Me WRITING Expository Writing Science Link Physical Science Forms of Energy Small Group Options Differentiated Instruction for Tested Skills Vocabulary/ Comprehension Vocabulary/ Comprehension Science Link Main Selection Genre Nonfiction Article Test Strategy Author and Me 470A
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Transcript
What makes oil so valuable and also
so challenging?
Real World Reading
ComprehensionGenreA Nonfiction Article in a
newspaper or magazine
tells facts about a person,
place, or event.
EvaluatePersuasionPersuasion is a method
of getting other people
to agree with your ideas
or opinions.
Oil fi eld worker
What can you find deep
beneath Earth’s surface? Here’s
a hint: it’s shiny, sticky, slick, and very
powerful. It’s oil.
Oil began forming hundreds of millions
of years ago as plant and animal remains
were covered with layers of rock. Over the
ages, those remains decayed. They turned
into a mighty black brew that we use to
make fuels. Fuels, such as gasoline, are
energy sources that are usually burned to
produce power.
Some nations sit atop huge
underground lakes of oil. Other places,
such as Japan and some European
countries, have little or no oil of their
own. The United States produces oil, but
it also buys about 59% of what it needs.
“Prairies are beautiful places,” says Mackenzie Burkhart.
“The long, fl owing grass looks just like the ocean.”
This sixth-grader from Park Ridge, Illinois, worries
that nuclear reactors threaten the prairies in his state.
A dozen reactors produce nearly three-quarters of all
the electricity for the state. Mackenzie believes nuclear
reactors have the potential to be extremely dangerous.
In an accident at a nuclear power plant, nuclear waste
could leak out. That could have devastating effects on
the plants and animals of the prairies.
Burkhart’s proposed solution: Provide energy from
a more environmentally safe source—windmills!
Big, colorful windmills caught Mackenzie’s eye
while he was on vacation in Denmark with his family.
“Windmills were everywhere, and they provided power
for much of the country,” he says.
Not only would windmills be environmentally safer, but,
as Mackenzie points out, they are also a renewable source
of power. Unlike fossil fuels or even nuclear fuels, he says,
“wind is endless.”
Go On
Mackenzie Burkhart
Answer Questions
Test StrategyAuthor and MeThe answer is not always
directly stated. Think about
everything you have read
to figure out the best
answer.
478
Find out more about renewable energy
sources at www.macmillanmh.com
A windmill farm in California uses clean technology to turn wind energy into electricity.
H igh wind speeds in the San Gorgonio Pass make conditions just right for
delivering clean electricity to homes. Since 1998, Californians have been able to choose the source of their electricity. I am proud to say that my parents switched to a clean source of electrical power.
Though it costs a bit more to generate electricity from wind than from fossil fuels, my parents decided to help the environment. They knew that burning fossil fuels always releases pollutants into the air.
“Choosing wind or solar power is the key to making sure that Earth’s future is bright,” says Nancy Hazard. Part of an organization that promotes the use of non-polluting energy sources, Ms. Hazard also says, “Creating that vision and really going for it—that’s how we’ll get energized!”
Around the globe, more people than ever are willing to pay extra for clean sources of energy. If you live in a place where power might be generated with a clean technology, get things rolling by talking to your parents and teachers. Remember: “Clean Energy for a Bright, Pollution-Free Future!”
Focus Question Does it matter what kind of energy we use and where we get it? Why or why not?
Build Background, 470
Read Aloud: “At the Flick of a Switch,” 471
Listening/Speaking
Focus Question What makes oil so valuable and so challenging?
WORD STUDY• Vocabulary
• Phonics/Decoding
Vocabulary
electrical, globe, fuels, decayed 472
Practice Book A-O-B, 126
Strategy: Context Clues/Definitions, 473
Vocabulary
Review Vocabulary, 474
Phonics
Decode Words with /ü/, /ū/, and /˙u/, 481E
Practice Book A-O-B, 132
READING• Develop
Comprehension
• Fluency
“Clean as a Breeze,” 472–473
Comprehension, 473A–473B
Strategy: Evaluate
Skill: Persuasion
Practice Book A-O-B, 127
Model Fluency, 471
Partner Reading, 470I
The Power of Oil, 474–477
Comprehension, 474–477
Strategy: Evaluate
Skill: Persuasion
Practice Book A-O-B, 128
Partner Reading, 470I
LANGUAGE ARTS• Writing
• Grammar
• Spelling
Writing
Daily Writing Prompt: Write a letter to the editor about your thoughts on your town’s plan to build a power plant.
Article, 481A–481B
Grammar Daily Language Activities, 481I
Pronoun-Verb Agreement, 481I
Grammar Practice Book, 109
Spelling Pretest Words with /ü/, /ū/, and /u̇ /, 481G
Spelling Practice Book, 109–110
Writing
Daily Writing Prompt: List three positive and three negative reasons for putting a wind turbine in your neighborhood.
Article, 481A–481B
Grammar Daily Language Activities, 481I
Pronoun-Verb Agreement, 481I
Grammar Practice Book, 110
Spelling Word Sorts, 481G
Spelling Practice Book, 111
ASSESSMENT• Informal/Formal
Vocabulary, 472Comprehension, 473B
Comprehension, 477Phonics, 481E
Leveled Readers
What makes oil so valuable and also
so challenging?
Real World Reading
ComprehensionGenreA Nonfiction Article in a
newspaper or magazine
tells facts about a person,
place, or event.
EvaluatePersuasionPersuasion is a method
of getting other people
to agree with your ideas
or opinions.
Oil fi eld worker
What can you find deep
beneath Earth’s surface? Here’s
a hint: it’s shiny, sticky, slick, and very
powerful. It’s oil.
Oil began forming hundreds of millions
of years ago as plant and animal remains
were covered with layers of rock. Over the
ages, those remains decayed. They turned
into a mighty black brew that we use to
make fuels. Fuels, such as gasoline, are
energy sources that are usually burned to
produce power.
Some nations sit atop huge
underground lakes of oil. Other places,
such as Japan and some European
countries, have little or no oil of their
own. The United States produces oil, but
it also buys about 59% of what it needs.
474
Student Book
Find out more about renewable energy
sources at www.macmillanmh.com
A windmill farm in California uses clean technology to turn wind energy into electricity.
H igh wind speeds in the San Gorgonio Pass make conditions just right for
delivering clean electricity to homes. Since 1998, Californians have been able to choose the source of their electricity. I am proud to say that my parents switched to a clean source of electrical power.
Though it costs a bit more to generate electricity from wind than from fossil fuels, my parents decided to help the environment. They knew that burning fossil fuels always releases pollutants into the air.
“Choosing wind or solar power is the key to making sure that Earth’s future is bright,” says Nancy Hazard. Part of an organization that promotes the use of non-polluting energy sources, Ms. Hazard also says, “Creating that vision and really going for it—that’s how we’ll get energized!”
Around the globe, more people than ever are willing to pay extra for clean sources of energy. If you live in a place where power might be generated with a clean technology, get things rolling by talking to your parents and teachers. Remember: “Clean Energy for a Bright, Pollution-Free Future!”
Tiayana Banks, Palm Springs, CA
Vocabularyelectrical
globe
fuels
decayed
Real World Reading
472
Student Book
Differentiated Instruction 481M-481VDifferentiated Instruction 481M-481VTurn the Page for
Small Group Lesson Plan
Suggested Lesson Plan Instructional NavigatorInteractive Lesson Planner
470C470C
Vocabulary
Vocabulary Words
Context Clues/Definitions
Comprehension
Strategy: Evaluate
Skill: Persuasion
Writing
Expository Writing
Listening/Speaking
Focus Question Based on what you have read, how would you explain the relationship between clean energy choices and emission levels?
Summarize, 477
Listening/Speaking/Viewing
Focus Question What is another alternative energy source to replace fossil fuels and nuclear reactors? Describe this source and tell why you think it would work.
Expand Vocabulary: Energy, 481F
Listening/Speaking/Viewing
Focus Question Write a letter persuading the President to promote alternative uses of power. Give concrete examples of how Americans use too much oil and explain ways that we could use less.
Speaking and Listening Strategies, 481A
Vocabulary
Review Words in Context, 481C
Strategy: Context Clues/Definitions , 481D
Practice Book A-O-B, 131
Phonics
Decode Multisyllabic Words, 481E
Vocabulary
Clipped Words, 481F
Apply Vocabulary to Writing, 481F
Vocabulary
Spiral Review: Vocabulary Game, 481F
The Power of Oil,474–477
Comprehension
Comprehension Check, 477
Maintain Skill: Compare and Contrast, 477A
Repeated Reading, 477A
Partner Reading, 470I
Practice Book A-O-B, 129
“Windmills on the Prairies,” 478–479
Test Strategy: Author and Me
Research and Study Skills
Using Computers, 477B
Practice Book A-O-B, 130
Partner Reading, 470I
Self-Selected Reading,470I
Comprehension
Strategy: Evaluate
Skill: Persuasion
Practice, 477A
Partner Reading, 470I
Writing
Daily Writing Prompt: Your family is about to buy a new car. Explain to them why they should buy a hybrid car.
Article, 481A–481B
Grammar Daily Language Activities, 481I
Mechanics and Usage: Using Correct Contractions, 481J
Grammar Practice Book, 111
Spelling
Word Meanings, 481H
Spelling Practice Book, 112
Writing
Daily Writing Prompt: If you had to power your television by riding a bicycle for one hour, would you still watch it? Explain your choice.
Article, 481A–481B
Grammar Daily Language Activities, 481I
Pronoun-Verb Agreement, 481J
Grammar Practice Book, 112
Spelling
Review and Proofread, 481H
Spelling Practice Book, 113
Writing
Daily Writing Prompt: Twenty years from now, you buy your first energy-efficient car. Describe your car and its features.
Article, 481A–481B
Grammar Daily Language Activities, 481I
Pronoun-Verb Agreement, 481J
Grammar Practice Book, 113–114
Spelling Posttest, 481H
Spelling Practice Book, 114
Fluency, 477A Vocabulary, 481D
What makes oil so valuable and also
so challenging?
Real World Reading
ComprehensionGenreA Nonfiction Article in a
newspaper or magazine
tells facts about a person,
place, or event.
EvaluatePersuasionPersuasion is a method
of getting other people
to agree with your ideas
or opinions.
Oil fi eld worker
What can you find deep
beneath Earth’s surface? Here’s
a hint: it’s shiny, sticky, slick, and very
powerful. It’s oil.
Oil began forming hundreds of millions
of years ago as plant and animal remains
were covered with layers of rock. Over the
ages, those remains decayed. They turned
into a mighty black brew that we use to
make fuels. Fuels, such as gasoline, are
energy sources that are usually burned to
produce power.
Some nations sit atop huge
underground lakes of oil. Other places,
such as Japan and some European
countries, have little or no oil of their
own. The United States produces oil, but
it also buys about 59% of what it needs.
474
Student Book
What makes oil so valuable and also
so challenging?
Real World Reading
ComprehensionGenreA Nonfiction Article in a
newspaper or magazine
tells facts about a person,
place, or event.
EvaluatePersuasionPersuasion is a method
of getting other people
to agree with your ideas
or opinions.
Oil fi eld worker
What can you find deep
beneath Earth’s surface? Here’s
a hint: it’s shiny, sticky, slick, and very
powerful. It’s oil.
Oil began forming hundreds of millions
of years ago as plant and animal remains
were covered with layers of rock. Over the
ages, those remains decayed. They turned
into a mighty black brew that we use to
make fuels. Fuels, such as gasoline, are
energy sources that are usually burned to
produce power.
Some nations sit atop huge
underground lakes of oil. Other places,
such as Japan and some European
countries, have little or no oil of their
own. The United States produces oil, but
it also buys about 59% of what it needs.
474
Student Book
“Prairies are beautiful places,” says Mackenzie Burkhart.
“The long, fl owing grass looks just like the ocean.”
This sixth-grader from Park Ridge, Illinois, worries
that nuclear reactors threaten the prairies in his state.
A dozen reactors produce nearly three-quarters of all
the electricity for the state. Mackenzie believes nuclear
reactors have the potential to be extremely dangerous.
In an accident at a nuclear power plant, nuclear waste
could leak out. That could have devastating effects on
the plants and animals of the prairies.
Burkhart’s proposed solution: Provide energy from
a more environmentally safe source—windmills!
Big, colorful windmills caught Mackenzie’s eye
while he was on vacation in Denmark with his family.
“Windmills were everywhere, and they provided power
for much of the country,” he says.
Not only would windmills be environmentally safer, but,
as Mackenzie points out, they are also a renewable source
of power. Unlike fossil fuels or even nuclear fuels, he says,
“wind is endless.”
Go On
Mackenzie Burkhart
Answer Questions
Test StrategyAuthor and MeThe answer is not always
A windmill farm in California uses clean technology to turn wind energy into electricity.
H igh wind speeds in the San Gorgonio Pass make conditions just right for
delivering clean electricity to homes. Since 1998, Californians have been able to choose the source of their electricity. I am proud to say that my parents switched to a clean source of electrical power.
Though it costs a bit more to generate electricity from wind than from fossil fuels, my parents decided to help the environment. They knew that burning fossil fuels always releases pollutants into the air.
“Choosing wind or solar power is the key to making sure that Earth’s future is bright,” says Nancy Hazard. Part of an organization that promotes the use of non-polluting energy sources, Ms. Hazard also says, “Creating that vision and really going for it—that’s how we’ll get energized!”
Around the globe, more people than ever are willing to pay extra for clean sources of energy. If you live in a place where power might be generated with a clean technology, get things rolling by talking to your parents and teachers. Remember: “Clean Energy for a Bright, Pollution-Free Future!”
Tiayana Banks, Palm Springs, CA
Vocabularyelectrical
globe
fuels
decayed
Real World Reading
472
Vocabulary/Comprehension Student page 472
VocabularyTEACH WORDS IN CONTEXT
Use the following routine.
■ Globe is another name for Earth
and its shape. Our classroom globe
shows the shapes of the continents
and oceans. How is a globe similar to
and different from a map? COMPARE AND
CONTRAST
■ Fuels are substances burned to make
heat or power. We should work hard to
conserve our natural fuels, such as coal.
What are some fuels that are used to
heat homes? EXAMPLE
■ When something is decayed , it has
become rotted. When leaves and grass
become decayed, they turn into new
soil. What is a synonym for decayed?
SYNONYM
Define: Electrical relates to energy
carried through wires that produces light
or heat.
Example: In science, we learned about
electrical currents.
Ask: What are some things in your house
that are electrical? EXAMPLE
Reinforce Vocabulary For electrical, draw on the board a switch
plate and wires running to a light. Show through gestures how
electricity runs from the switch plate through the wire to the light.
For fuels, say, Some people heat their homes by burning wood in
fireplaces. Coal can be burned to cook food. Wood and coal are fuels.
They make heat. Ask, What other kinds of fuels do you know of?During Small Group Instruction
Worldwide, people use more than 80 million barrels of oil per day. A barrel contains 42 gallons. These countries are the biggest oil guzzlers. China’s oil consumption is growing faster than that of any other country.
= 1 million barrels
UNITED STATES
CHINA
JAPAN
GERMANY
RUSSIA
Millions of barrels per day (2004 est.)
20.4
6.3
5.5
2.7
2.6
U.S. Energy SourcesU.S. Energy Sources
Top 5 Oil Users
473
VocabularySTRATEGYCONTEXT CLUES
Definitions Tell students that
sometimes the context defines an
unfamiliar word. Point out the word
hydropower in the second column of
“U.S. Energy Sources.” Ask students to
find the definition.
Read “Clean as a Breeze”
As you read “Clean as a Breeze” with
students, have them look for context
clues, especially definitions, to unlock
the meaning of unfamiliar words. Tell
students they can use this strategy as
they read new words in The Power of
Oil.
Vocabulary/Comprehension Student page 473
Complete each sentence with a word from the box.
electrical globe fuels decayed
1. The new cars will help use less gasoline.
2. A horrible smell comes from the remains of animals that have
.
3. Scientists are always trying to produce better and make them burn cleaner.
4. Countries from around the will participate in the conference.
Now write a paragraph in which you use each vocabulary word at least once.
electrical
decayed
fuels
globe
Possible response provided.
Much electrical power is produced by burning oil, coal,
or natural gas. These fossil fuels are mined or pumped
out of the ground. They can be found all over the globe.
In all cases, they are the remains of decayed material.
On Level Practice Book O, page 126
Approaching Practice Book A, page 126
Beyond Practice Book B, page 126 The Power of Oil 473
Vocabulary/Comprehension
Find out more about renewable energy
sources at www.macmillanmh.com
A windmill farm in California uses clean technology to turn wind energy into electricity.
H igh wind speeds in the San Gorgonio Pass make conditions just right for
delivering clean electricity to homes. Since 1998, Californians have been able to choose the source of their electricity. I am proud to say that my parents switched to a clean source of electrical power.
Though it costs a bit more to generate electricity from wind than from fossil fuels, my parents decided to help the environment. They knew that burning fossil fuels always releases pollutants into the air.
“Choosing wind or solar power is the key to making sure that Earth’s future is bright,” says Nancy Hazard. Part of an organization that promotes the use of non-polluting energy sources, Ms. Hazard also says, “Creating that vision and really going for it—that’s how we’ll get energized!”
Around the globe, more people than ever are willing to pay extra for clean sources of energy. If you live in a place where power might be generated with a clean technology, get things rolling by talking to your parents and teachers. Remember: “Clean Energy for a Bright, Pollution-Free Future!”
Tiayana Banks, Palm Springs, CA
Vocabularyelectrical
globe
fuels
decayed
Real World Reading
472
Transparency 18
Reread for
ComprehensionSTRATEGYEVALUATE
Tell students it is important to evaluate, or think critically, about
what they are reading. As they read, they should ask themselves
which statements are facts and which are the author’s opinions.
They should also identify the author’s purpose. Is the author writing
to entertain, to inform, to persuade, or some combination?
SKILLPERSUASION
■ When an author’s purpose is to persuade, he or she is trying to
convince the reader to do or believe something. Sometimes the
author’s opinions are not stated directly, or they may be stated as
if they are facts. They can be inferred from the context and the
author’s choice of words. Students should look for loaded words
that are meant to cause an emotional response in the reader.
■ Explain that good readers are alert to various techniques of
persuasion. Most advertising makes use of these to convince
readers to buy a particular product or service. Authors whose
purpose is to persuade the reader may also use them.
Objectives• Evaluate an article
• Identify techniques of
persuasion
• Use academic language:
evaluate, techniques,
persuasion
Materials
• Comprehension Transparency
18
• Leveled Practice Books, p. 127
Explain Academic
Language Make a
chart with the heading
Techniques of Persuasion
and the words testimonials,
endorsements, bandwagon,
and slogans in the left
column. In the right
column give examples of
each type.
Persuasion
Introduce 473A–B
Practice/Apply
474–477; Leveled Practice, 127–128
Reteach/Review
481M–T
Assess Weekly Tests; Unit 4 Test
Maintain 599A
Student Book page 472 available on
Comprehension Transparency 18473A
Persuasion is convincing other people to agree with your ideas or opinions. Writers can use reasons, facts, examples, or feelings to try to persuade people.
Read the selection below. Then answer the questions that follow.
No matter where you live, it is a good idea to walk rather than use a car.
Walking is good for you! The exercise helps to keep you healthy. My
dad stopped driving last year and now he’s running in races!
Walking also cuts down on automobile use. This helps reduce pollution
and is a good way to make our town safer. If fewer people are driving,
there will be fewer automobile accidents.
1. What is the writer trying to persuade you to do?
2. What is one of the reasons the writer gives for his or her point of view?
3. Write an additional reason that supports the writer’s point of view.
4. What example does the writer give to support the statement that walking
is good for you?
5. Has the writer persuaded you to walk instead of ride? Why or why not?
walk instead of ride in a car
Walking is good exercise; cars pollute the
environment; walking is safer than driving.
Walking is more fun.
The writer’s father stopped driving and
now he runs in races.
Answers will vary.
Possible responses provided.
On Level Practice Book O, page 127
Approaching Practice Book A, page 127
Beyond Practice Book B, page 127
Vocabulary/Comprehension
■ Techniques of persuasion include, among others, testimonials
or endorsements, appeals to do what everyone else does
(bandwagon), and the repetition of catch phrases and slogans.
MODEL
Reread the first paragraph of “Clean as a Breeze” from Student
Book page 472.
Think Aloud I notice in the first paragraph that the author makes
statements about wind power. I need to decide which are facts
and which are opinions. In the first sentence, she says high
winds in the San Gorgonio Pass are perfect for providing clean
energy. Wind speeds can be measured, so that is probably a fact.
Calling the electricity “clean” makes me wonder if there is “dirty”
electricity. The author may be trying to make a point here.
GUIDED PRACTICE
■ Help students determine whether the second and third sentences
in the first paragraph are statements of fact or opinion. Have them
discuss whether any opinions are stated directly or indirectly. (The
second sentence is a matter of public record, so it is a fact. The
third is an indirect opinion that appeals to the reader’s emotions.)
■ Have students use what they have read in the first two paragraphs
to discuss what it is the author wants the reader to do or think.
(The author wants us to believe that electricity generated with
wind power is a better choice because it does not pollute the air.)
APPLY
Have students reread the remainder of the selection and identify
statements of fact or opinion. Then ask them to look for techniques
of persuasion that the author might be using to persuade the
reader. If students identify testimonials, make sure they determine
whether the person providing the endorsement is an expert, a
celebrity, or the “man in the street.” Ask them to tell how convincing
any slogans are and explain why. Have students distinguish between