week34-phoneticsandphonology-110314093852-phpapp02

7/29/2019 week34-phoneticsandphonology-110314093852-phpapp02

1/20

5 MINUTE QUIZ

1. What is linguistics?

2. What is phonology?

3. Name one branch of linguistics and give abrief description.


2/20

WHAT IS PHONETICS?

Phonetics is the study of speech sounds

There are three aspects to the study ofspeech sounds:

- articulatory: the study of theproduct ion of speech sounds-acoustic phonetics: the study of the

transmission and the physicalpropert ies of speech sounds (e.g.intensi ty, durat ion)

-auditory phonetics: the study of thepercept ion of speech sounds.


3/20

ARTICULATORY PHONETICS articulatory phonetic: what is involved in the

actual movement of various parts of the

vocal tract during speech: organs of

speech; oral, pharyngeal and nasalcavities; articulators, lungs and diaphragm)


4/20

all speech sounds result from air being somehowobstructed or modified within the vocal tract.This involves 3 processes working together:

a) the airstream process--the source of air usedin making the sound.

b) the phonation process--the behavior of thevocal cords in the glottis during the productionof the sound.

c) the oro-nasal process--the modification of thatflow of air in the vocal track (from the glottis tothe lips and nose).


5/20

PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY

IPA

The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) isthe alphabetic system ofphonetic

notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet. Itwas devised by the International PhoneticAssociation as a standardized representation ofthe sounds of spoken language.The IPA is used

by foreign language students andteachers, linguists, speechtherapists, singers, actors, lexicographers,artificial language enthusiasts, and translators.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonetic_transcriptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonetic_transcriptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_and_language_pathologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_and_language_pathologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexicographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexicographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_and_language_pathologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_and_language_pathologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonetic_transcriptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonetic_transcription


6/20

ENGLISH CONSONANTS

Consonants are speech sounds producedwith a narrowing somewhere in the vocaltract.

When we describe a consonant, we need toprovide THREE pieces of information:

- Is the sound voiced or voiceless?

- Where is the airstream constricted (i.e. theplace of articulation)

- How is the airstream constricted? (i.e mannerof articulation).


7/20

1.VOICED VS. VOICELESS

When is a sound is voiced or voiced, it

depends on the state of the glottis (

).At the bottom of the glottis, we find

the vocal cords. When the vocal cordsvibrate, the sound is voiced. If they dont

vibrate, the sound produced is voiceless.

Examples: p. 50


8/20

2. PLACE OF ARTICULATION

Read page 51.


9/20

3. MANNER OF ARTICULATION

Manner of articulation focus on how the

airstream is modified by the vocal tract to

produce the sound:

Types: stops, fricative, affricates, nasals,

liquids and glides. Read pages. 52-53.


10/20

CONSONANT CHART

See page 54.


11/20

ORGANS OF SPEECH

The Organs of Speech 1-nasal cavity

2-lips3-teeth4-aveolar ridge5-hard palate6-velum (soft palate)

7-uvula8-apex (tip) of tongue9-blade (front) of tongue10-dorsum (back) of tongue11-oral cavity12-pharynx13-epiglottis14-larynx

15-vocal cords16-trachea17-esophagus


12/20

PRACTISE

http://www.stuff.co.uk/calcul_nd.htm

http://wwwedu.ge.ch/cptic/prospective/projets

/anglais/exercises/phonetic1.htm
http://www.stuff.co.uk/calcul_nd.htmhttp://wwwedu.ge.ch/cptic/prospective/projets/anglais/exercises/phonetic1.htmhttp://wwwedu.ge.ch/cptic/prospective/projets/anglais/exercises/phonetic1.htmhttp://wwwedu.ge.ch/cptic/prospective/projets/anglais/exercises/phonetic1.htmhttp://wwwedu.ge.ch/cptic/prospective/projets/anglais/exercises/phonetic1.htmhttp://www.stuff.co.uk/calcul_nd.htm


13/20

VOWELS

There are two types of vowels:

-monophthongs: one part vowel

-diphthongs: two part vowelsVowels (monophthongs) are affected by:

tongue height, tonge advancement, lip

rounding, and tenseness.

Read pp. 67-58 for details.


14/20

VOWELS

The IPA defines a vowel as a sound which occurs at a syllablecenter. Below is a chart depicting the vowels of the IPA. The IPA mapsthe vowels according to the position of the tongue.

The vertical axis of the chart is mapped by vowel height. Vowelspronounced with the tongue lowered are at the bottom, and vowelspronounced with the tongue raised are at the top. For example, [](said

as the "a" in "palm") is at the bottom because the tongue is lowered inthis position. However, [i] (said as the vowel in "meet") is at the topbecause the sound is said with the tongue raised to the roof of themouth.

In a similar fashion, the horizontal axis of the chart is determined byvowel backness. Vowels with the tongue moved towards the front of the

mouth (such as [], the vowel in "met") are to the left in the chart, whilethose in which it is moved to the back (such as [], the vowel in "but")are placed to the right in the chart.

In places where vowels are paired, the right represents a roundedvowel (in which the lips are rounded) while the left is its unroundedcounterpart.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roundednesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roundednesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roundednesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roundednesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel


15/20

VOWELS-DIPHTHONGS

Diphthongs are two-part vowel sounds

consisting of transition from one vowel to

another.

Example: when saying the word eyeslowly,

you notice that your tongue starts from low-

back position for [a] and moves towards high

position []


16/20

VOWELS: PLACE OF PRODUCTION


17/20

VOWELS CHART


18/20

CHANGE FROM IPA TO NORMAL WRITING

| andolnbatlwstks | ts retks |wtandomst sfnetks | tstdzhasandz| prdjust

nma |

For more fun, visit this website and enjoy

transcribinghttp://www.photransedit.com/Online/Text2Phonetics.aspx
http://www.photransedit.com/Online/Text2Phonetics.aspxhttp://www.photransedit.com/Online/Text2Phonetics.aspxhttp://www.photransedit.com/Online/Text2Phonetics.aspxhttp://www.photransedit.com/Online/Text2Phonetics.aspx


19/20

EXERCICE: TRANSCRIBE THE FOLLOWING

Dear daughter,

Thank you for your letter. It was a pleasure

tohear your news again. I am working day

and night trying to get used to this country.

Life can be tough at times. But, I am enjoying

the experience.

Talk soon,

Dad

week34-phoneticsandphonology-110314093852-phpapp02

Documents