Week10_networking_2

Networking2

Network Protocols

•A network protocol defines rules and conventions for communication between network devices. Protocols for computer networking all generally use packet switching techniques to send and receive messages in the form of packets.

Network Protocols

•IP (Internet Protocol)•TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)•UDP (User Datagram Protocol)•FTP (FILE Transfer Protocol)•HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)•DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration

Protocol)•AppleTalk•SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

IP (Internet Protocol)

•IP supports unique addressing for computers on a network.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)TCP is a set of rules (protocol) used along with the IP to send data in the form of message units between computers over the Internet. TCP enables two hosts to establish a connection and exchange streams of data.

FTP (FILE Transfer Protocol): FTP allows transfer of files between two computers on the Internet. FTP is a simple network protocol based on IP.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)HTTP is the set of rules for transferring files (text, graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files) on the web. As soon as a web user opens a web browser, the user is indirectly making use of HTTP.

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)DHCP is a communications protocol that lets network administrators centrally manage and automate the assignment of IP addresses in an organization’s network. Each machine that can connect to the network needs a unique IP address, which is assigned when a network connection is created for a specific computer.

AppleTalk

AppleTalk is a set of local area network communication protocols originally created for Apple computers.

Intranet

Intranet is the generic term for a collection of private computer networks within an organization. An intranet uses network technologies as a tool to facilitate communication between people or workgroups to improve the data sharing capability and overall knowledge base of an organization’s employees.

Extranet

•An extranet is a private network that uses Internet technology and the public telecommunication system to securely share part of a business’s information or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses. An extranet can be viewed as part of a company’s intranet that is extended to users outside the company.

The Internet

The Internet is a massive public web of computer connections. The Internet connects personal computers, mainframes, cell phones, GPS units, music players, soda pop machines, car alarms, and even dog collars. All of these computer connections exist for the sake of free information sharing.

The Internet

Internet Connection Types

Data can be transmitted by two types of signals; analog and digital. An analog signal represents a continuous electrical signal in the form of a wave. A digital signal is discontinuous, expressed as discrete bursts in on/off electrical signal.

Dial-Up Modem ConnectionsDial-up is an analog connection because data are sent over an analog, public telephone network. The modem converts received analog data to digital and vice versa. Because dial-up access uses normal telephone lines, the quality of the connection is not always good and data rates are limited.

DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)

DSL

DSL is also called an always-on connection because it uses an existing two-wire copper telephone line connected to the premises and will not tie up the phone line as a dial-up connection does. There is no need to dial-in to an ISP because DSL is always on.

Wi-Fi (Wireless Internet)

WWW (World Wide Web)

•The World Wide Web consists of an interconnected system of sites, servers, all over the world. It is a huge collection of pages. All of them are interconnected with each other. These pages can contain text, pictures, films, sound, and much more information. Using the web is a bit like flipping through a huge book that has been written by millions of authors. The World Wide Web is also called WWW or the web.

WWW (World Wide Web)

•Sometimes people use the words the Internet and World Wide Web synonymously but they are different. The WWW is a component of the Internet that presents information in a graphical interface. Internet users can think of the WWW as the graphical version of the Internet.

Internet and WWW Tools

E-Mail

IRC and Instant Messaging

IRC provides a way of communicating in real time with people from all over the world.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

ftp://ftp1.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/

Cloud ComputingCloud computing consists of hardware, software and document resources made available on the Internet as managed third-party services.

Internet Telephony (VoIP)

Internet telephony converts analog voice signals into digital signals, transmits them, and then converts them back again.

Video Conference

Telnet

Telnet is used for remotely controlling a server by using another computer.

Discussion Boards and Newsgroups

Newsgroups and message boards are forums in which people post messages and share information with other people interested in the same topics. These forums can be quite small (e.g., a single class) or huge (including participants from all over the entire world).

Social MediaSocial media include the various online technology tools that enable people to communicate easily via the Internet to share information and resources. Social media can include text, audio, video, images, podcasts, and other multimedia communications.