Week 8: 20 th cent. & between world wars

WEEK 8: 20TH CENT. & BETWEEN

WORLD WARS

October 25, 2013Chapters 21 & 22

Agenda: Today: Early 20th cent. & between World

Wars 11/8 – Modernity; Jeopardy Review 11/15 – Warhol Museum 11/22 – Warhol Presentations 11/29 – NO CLASS 12/6 – Review for final – finish paintings! 12/13 – Final Exam!

Early 20th Century Many things were changing/developing:

Wright Brother’sFreud’s dream interpretation

Industrial Revolution:Creating thousands of new jobsVaccinations and public health lead to

longer life and lower birth rates

FAUVISM

FAUVISM 1905-1907“les fauves” – the wild beast

Henri Matisse – leader of Fauvism

Vigorous brushwork and large flat color

Expanded on innovations of Post-Impressionism

“Harmony in Red” by Matisse

“Joy of Life” by Matisse; 1905-1906

“London Bridge” by Andre Derain; 1906

EXPRESSIONISM

EXPRESSIONISM Emphasizes inner feelings and emotions

over objective depiction

German ExpressionistsThe Bridge – founded by Ernest LudwigThe Blue Rider – lead by Wassily Kandinsky

“Street, Berlin” by Kirchner; 1913

“Self-Portrait with an Amber Necklace” by Paula Modersohn-Becker; 1906

“Blue Mountain” by Wassily Kandinsky; 1908-1909

“Composition, IV” by Kandinsky; 1911

CUBISM

CUBISM Emphasized pictorial composition over

personal expression

Reconstruction of objects based on geometric abstraction

Analyzed subjects from various angles, then painted the abstract references

CUBISM con’t. Mental concepts of seeing something

from all sides

Aimed to show objects as the mind sees, rather than eye perceives them

Synthetic cubism – modifying cubism with color, texture & patterned surfaces and use of cutout shapes

“Les Demoiselles d’Avignon” or “Young Ladies of Avignon” by Picasso; 1907

“Gardanne” by Cezanne; 1885-1886

“Houses at l’Estaque” by Braque; 1908

“The Portuguese” by Braque; 1911

“Guitar” by Picasso; 1912-1913

“Violin, Fruit, and Wineglass” by Picasso; 1913

TOWARDS ABSTRACT SCULPTURE

“Sleep” in 1908 “Sleeping Muse I” in 1909-11

“Newborn I” in 1915

Constantin Bruncusi

“Bird in Space” by Bruncusi; 1928

THE MODERN SPIRIT IN AMERICA

“The Steerage” by Alfred Stieglitz; 1907

“Evening Star” by Georgia O’Keefe; 1917

O’Keeffe, Blue Morning Glories, New Mexico, II, 1935

FUTURISM & The CELEBRATION OF MOTION

“Unique Forms of Continuity in Space” by Umbero Boccioni; 1913

“Nude Descending a Staircase” by Marcel Duchamp; 1912

BETWEEN WORLD WARS

Chapter 22

DADA Began in protest against the horrors of WWI

Began in Zurich as a rallying cry

They rejected most moral, social, political, and aesthetic values

Aimed to shock viewers into seeing absurdity of Western World’s social and political situation

“Fountain” by Marcel Duchamp; 1919

“L.H.O.O.Q” by Marcel Duchamp; 1919

“Cadeau” or “Gift” by Man Ray; 1958

“The Spirit of Our Time” by Raoul Hausmann; 1919

“The Multi-Millionaire” by Hannah Höch; 1912

SURREALISM Launched in Paris

Group of writers and painters gathered to protest direction of European culture

Focused on unconscious mind, dreams, fantasies, and hallucinations

Drew on psychology of Sigmund Freud

“The Horde” by Max Ernest; 1927

“The Persistence of Memory” by Salvador Dali; 1931

CONSTRUCTIVISM Revolutionary movement that began in

Russia

Seeking to create art that is relevant to modern life in form, materials, and content

Rejected traditional view of space, as did Cubists

“Architectonic Composition” by Lyubov Popova; 1917

“Give Me Sun at Night” by Aleksandr Rodchenko; 1923

De Stijl – “The Style”

“Composition (Blue, Red, and Yellow)” by Piet Mondrain; 1922

POLITICAL PROTEST Many artists in the interwar period

focused their art on political life

Protesting against Fascism and dictatorship was a dominant theme

“Guernica” by Picasso Influenced by “experimental” mass bombing

of the defenseless down of Guernica

General Franco had allowed Hitler to use his war machinery on the down as a demo of military power

Bombing leveled 15 square block city center

“Guernica” by Pablo Picasso; 1937

AMERICAN REGIONALISM 1930’s the spread of

the Depression, along with political upheaval, helped motivate artists in the U.S.

“American Gothic” by Grant Wood; 1930

Harlem Renaissance Major force behind

it, “The New Negro” by Alain Locke

Included poets, musicians, novelists, and visual artists

“Forever Free” by Sargent Johnson; 1933

ORGANIC ABSTRACTION Fascist and Communist regimes in

Germany and Russia suppressed modern art

Abstraction Creation in 1931Formed in oppositionAbstract art became a statement on

personal freedom

“Forms in Echelon” by Barbara Hepworth; 1938