Week 6: Euteleostei Ostariophysi Cypriniformes Characiformes Siluriformes
Jan 12, 2016
Week 6:Euteleostei
OstariophysiCypriniformesCharaciformesSiluriformes
Biology of Fishes Week 6 Character Summary Superorder Ostariophysi
Cypriniformes Characiformes Siluriformes Gymnotiformes Character Species number 2700 1200 2400 60 Weberian ossicles X X X X Fear scent X X X X Adipose fin Jaw teeth Pharyngeal teeth
X
X X x
X X
Barbels X X Breeding tubercles Protractile mouth
X X
x
Scales cycloid ctenoid^ none, scutes none Active day dawn, dusk night night Sensory focus* vision vision gustatory (electric) electric Distribution NA, Africa, Asia SA, Africa NA, SA, Africa, Asia SA
* in addition to acute hearing capability ^ According to Nelson, Fishes of the World, contradicts Moyle & Cech, 2004 NA = North America; SA = South America
Cladogram Exercise: Build a cladogram for the Ostariophysi using the characters as they appear above.
~adipose fin
Siluriformescatfishes
no scales
~bony plates
spinous dorsal, pectoral rays ~ epidermal venom~ 1st ray locks 2nd
Figure 18.4
Batrochoglanis villosus SA bumblebee catfishes formerly Pimelodidaenow Pseudopimelodidae
~jaw teeth
no pharyngeals
barbels
~4 pairs
1 nose (nasal)1 mouth (maxillary)2 lower jaw = (mandibular)
N. America Eurasia S. America Africa
Siluriformes~2400 sp.
except Australia
North America
Ictaluridae~46 species
Europe
Siluridae~97 species
wels
glass
Africa~300 sp.
walking
electric
upside-downsqueaker~parasitic
Asia~650 sp
venomouscrypticMekong giant
Order Characiformes (continued) FW/South America Family Curimatidae
Chalceus macrolepidotus pink-tail chalceus Family Prochilodontidae
Semaprochilodus taeniurus silver prochilodus Family Hemiodontidae
Hemiodus gracilis slender hemiodus Family Lebiasinidae
Nannostomus eques brown pencilfish Nannostomus trifasciatus three-stripe pencilfish Family Anostomidae
Anostomus anostomus striped headstander Leporinus arcus lipstick leporinus Leporinus fasciatus banded leporinus
Order Siluriformes FW/South America Family Pimelodidae Phractocephalus hemioliopterus red-tail catfish Family Doradidae
Oxydoras niger Amazon catfish Family Callichthyidae
Corydoras davidsandsi corydoras Family Loricariidae
Farlowella acus twig catfish Rhinelocaria aurem whiptail catfish Pterygoplichthys gibbeceps spotted sailfin catfish Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus Orinoco sailfin catfish
Order Gymnotiformes FW/South America Family Gymnotidae
Electrophorus electricus electric knifefish
C. Instructions
1. Observe two ostariophysans, each from a different order, for 3 minutes (please time yourself) mentally noting anatomy, coloration, and motion of the body and fins.
2. On the unruled side of a large index card, sketch the fishes in pencil and fill in with color. Label all structures you sketch.
3. On the ruled side of the card, write your name and the date at the top. Provide the common and scientific names of the fish, including superorder, order, and family.
4. Answer the following for each fish:
a. Is the pelvic fin abdominal (near the belly) or thoracic (near the head)?
b. Which do you see? jaw teeth barbels adipose fin
c. Where would you find this fish? (specify habitat and continent)
5. Sign out, go across the plaza to the Harborside Learning Lab, and hand in your index card.
South America~1,300 sp.
~adipose fin~armor plates~barbels
Pimelodidaewhiskered catfishes~85 species
“sailfin” pimelodid (Leiarius sp.)
3 pairs of barbelsno nasalelongated maxillary
adipose fin
platessome spinous rays
NEAqPimelodidae
red-tail catfish Phractocephalus hemioliopterus
NEAq
Hassar orestis
Doradidaethorny (armored) catfishes ~72 sp.
3 pairs of barbels(no nasals)mandibular branching
plates with spinesspinous dorsal
vibrate pectoral fin spine or gas bladder = “talking”
NEAqsee Amazon (ripsaw)
thorny catfish (Platydoras costatus)
Callichthyidaearmored catfishes~177 sp.
banded corydoras(Corydoras barbatus)
1-3 pairs of barbels
bony plates dorsal, pectoral, adipose spinebony case around gas bladdervascular hind gut for terrestrial forays
banded corydoras(Corydoras barbatus)
sailfin catfishPterogoplichthys gibbiceps
Panaque nigrolineatus
NEAqsee also multiradiatus
Loricariidaesuckermouth (armoured) catfishes~685 sp.
needle catfish (Farlowella amazonica)
NEAqsee twig (F. aqus)
subterminal mouth
bony plates~ spinous rays
aka “pleco” = plecostomus
Loricariidae