Weeblymrslydiakirksworldhistory.weebly.com/.../0/8/7/70872973/i…  · Web viewAccording to this chapter, how did new ideas spark change? According to this chapter, how did new ways

Place the following on page 15Enduring Understanding:

• Intellectual movements can affect all aspects of life, including politics, economics and society!Essential Questions:

• According to this chapter, how did new ideas spark change?• According to this chapter, how did new ways of thinking affect the way people responded to their

surroundings?

Place the following on page 16Ch 8: The Enlightenment and Revolutions

• Lesson 1: The Scientific Revolution• Lesson 2: The Ideas of the Enlightenment

• Lesson 3: Enlightened Absolutism and the Balance of Power

• Lesson 4: The American Revolution

Place the following map and locate the following places on page 17: Africa, South America, China, Russia, India, 13 English Colonies in North America, Great Britain, France, Austria, Prussia, Russia

Define the following vocabulary words onto page 18

1.Geocentric2.Heliocentric3.Universal law of gravitation4.Rationalism5.Scientific method6.Philosophe7.Separation of powers

8.Laissez-faire9.Social contract10. Arbitrary11. enlightened absolutism12. Federal system13. Amendment14. guarantee

Directions: The following is a list of people covered in this lesson. I want you to make a connection of WHERE these people were from. Therefore, your job is to figure out WHERE in Europe these enlightened thinkers came from and WHO these people based on their picture. Once you figure out WHO the person is, write their name on top of them. Once you figure out WHERE they are from, draw a line to that country. Then place on page 19. Here is a list of their names to help you.Francis BaconRene Descartes

Isaac Newton Robert Boyle

Margaret CavendishMaria Winkelman

Andrew VesaliusWilliam Harvey

Blaise Pascal Antione Lavoisier

8.1 Place the following notes on page 20Causes of the Scientific Revolution• Foundation of the Scientific Revolution– During the __________ (400-1400s) people became

interested in the world around them– The first scientists were called

“____________________”:• Foundation in the Past:

– Renaissance humanists mastered _______ and _______ languages

– Rediscovery of ancient __________• Europeans began to master __________,

__________ _________and __________• The Scientific Revolution began in Europe:

1. ________ problems needed fixing2. New __________ made discoveries possible• __________ • __________

3. The _______________(1455) spread information • _______ was KEY to the scientific revolution! Because

it paved the way for scientists to analyze their observations!

Scientific Breakthroughs• Discoveries of the Scientific Revolution in

Astronomy and Motion:1. Geocentric system of the universe was

undermined 2. __________ discoveries3. __________ laws of motion and theory of

gravitation1. The Ptolemaic System– Created by the astronomer _________ (90-

168AD)– __________! placed __________ at the __________– concentric __________

• Philosophers of the ____________ used not only Ptolemies ideas

• __________ and __________ both undermined Ptolemy! Nicholaus Copernicus: 1473 - 1543 • Proposed a __________ view of the universe• _______ and _______ move around ______

Johannes Kepler: • 1571 - 1630 • Discovered planets have __________ orbits

2. Galileo Galilei• formulated law of __________ bodies • revolutionized study of __________ by allowing

scientists to predict movements of everything3. Newton's laws of motion and theory of gravitationIsaac Newton (1642-1727)• Formulated __________ law of gravitation

– universe functions like a huge __________, according to __________ laws

– __________ keeps planets moving in __________ orbits

Breakthroughs in Medicine and Chemistry* Medicine • Andrew Vesalius (1514-1564)

– Dissected _________ at the University of Padua

– Described __________ organs• William Harvey (1578-1657)

– ______ and NOT _____ was center of circulation

– _____ flows through heart and veins* Chemistry :• Blaise Pascal (1623-1662)

– Liquids under pressure– __________ Law

– _______ and hydraulic press• Robert Boyle (1627-1691):

– _____________: Volume of a gas varies with the pressure exerted on it

• Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794)– system for __________ chemical elements– Explained process of __________

Female Scientists Advances• __________ __________ (1623-1673)• philosophy• Wrote on scientific matters in her own name• __________ idea that __________ are __________ of

__________• __________ __________ (1670-1720)• astronomer• Discovered a __________• Published papers about her observations of the

skies

Philosophy and ReasonNew conceptions of the ___________ influenced western views of humankind!– Rene Descartes (1596-1650)

– Separation of mind and matter– _______ of modern __________– ________ is the chief source of knowledge

– Francis Bacon (1561-1626)• Developed ________ __________

– procedure for ___________ and ___________ evidence

• Advocated __________ reasoning

– Reasoning from particulars to generalities– Begin with __________ facts

Directions: INB Page 21: Your job is matching the correct thought with the correct person! The first thing you should do is read your notes in section 2 and figure out which person discussed in your notes matches the

description. Then you will cut out the people and place their thought next to them. Under the picture put the person’s name. The first one is done for you.

Mary Wollstonecraft: Women have just as much right to equal treatment in society as men! ______________Stated that government laws enslaved people! ______________Created the Encyclopedia ______________Believed in a religious philosophy or way of thinking called Deism ______________Illustrated the principle of separation of powers in government _____________Founder of economics! Supported the idea of laizzez-faire!

MEN AND WOMEN

ARE EQUAL!

8.2 Place the following notes on page 22Ideas of the Philosophes• “___________” is an 18th century philosophical

movement of intellectuals obsessed with the _________ Revolution!!!

• This movement began in ___________• Philosophes wanted to use the ____________________

to better society • Enlightened ideas would lead to ___________and

___________• Intellectuals of the Enlightenment were influenced

by two ___________…• ______________________:

• everyone has a tabula rasa, blank mind• people are molded by experiences in the

world• ______________________:

• physical world was a giant “machine”• Natural laws could be uncovered through

investigation

The Role of Philosophy• Philosophe: (FEE-luh-ZAWF)

• ________ for “philosopher”• intellectual of the Enlightenment• ___________reformer

• nobility and middle class• Used ___________

Montesquieu• Wrote _______________________________ (1748)• ideas of Separation of powers and system of

____________________contributed to political thoughtVoltaire

• ___________Enlightened figure• Criticized ___________• Believed in ____________ __________• ___________: religion based on reason and natural

laws• ______ created the universe and set it in motionDiderot

• ___________• Edited a 28 volume ______________: 1751-1772• Weapon against French ___________• ___________Enlightenment ___________

New Social Sciences• ______________________and ___________were also

studied for their natural laws• Physiocrats• Interested in identifying the natural

___________laws governing human society• Govt should not get involved in the market• Laissez-Faire “________ (people) _______ (what

they want)”• Adam Smith: • Believed in _________-_________ __________• ___: wrote _______________________________• State SHOULD:

• ___________society from ___________• ___________citizens• Maintain ___________works

The Spread of Ideas• Late 1770s a new generation, matured • This ________ society read about ___________and

___________roles The Social Contract

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau• Wrote: ______________________________, 1762

• Idea: Society ___________to be governed by its ___________will

• Everyone will ___________to the general willWomen's Rights

• For centuries men argued women's ___________makes them ___________

• Mary Wollstonecraft• Founder of _________movements for women's

rights• Wrote: Vindication of the right's of women

• argued __________ comments about ___________rights can’t be ___________

The Growth of Reading • Enlightenment spread _________rates in ___________

Religion in the Enlightenment• People sought deeper personal devotion to God• ______________________, influenced the ___________of

the ___________trade!

Enlightenment and the Arts• Ideas impacted culture too!

Architecture and Art• Palace of Louis XIV of ___________: French

Classical• Baroque: ___________style of the 1500s and 1600s

• Grand/___________/powerful• Rococo: Spread by the 1730s

• ___________/charming/genteel • Masterpiece, Embarkation for Cythera

Music• Baroque Era

• C. 1600–1760• ___________and ___________

• Classical Era• C. 1730–1820• Franz Joseph ___________

• The Creation• The Seasons

• Wolfgang Amadeus ___________

• The marriage of Figaro• The Magic Flute• Don Giovanni

Place the following on page 23 : Directions: Label and color the following map of the War of Austrian Succession! Do not forget the KEY!

Read pages 140-144 and fill in the following BRIDGE MAP comparing the War of Austrian Succession with the Seven Years War.

War of Austrian Succession The Seven Years War

Place the following on page 24 8.3Enlightenment and Absolutism• ___________ believed in ___________ ________ • To preserve natural rights, philosophes believed,

nations needed ___________ ___________ ruling according to Enlightenment principles!!!

• Under Enlightened absolutism rulers “govern” by Enlightenment principles BUT maintain full royal powers

Prussia• Frederick II (Frederick the Great) (1740-1786)

– Enlightened ideas in action: Abolished ___________ Limited freedom of ___________ and

___________ KEPT ___________ and social structure

intact!

AUSTRIA• Hard to rule due to ___________• ___________ ___________ (1740)

– Tried to ___________ Austria– Not willing to grant reforms

• ___________ – ALL were equal before the law– Abolished ___________– Religious ___________– Successors repealed his reforms

RUSSIA• ___________ the Great

– Succeeded by 6 weak rulers• ___________ the Great (1762-1796)

– Liked enlightened ideas but enacted few reforms

– Expanded the empire south and west 1772 Partition of ___________

– Divided between ___________, ___________, ___________

– Poland ceased to exist until ____Analysis• Frederick II, Joseph II, Catherine II

– All wanted to maintain the _____________________:

All states should have ___________ power to stop One from dominating

War of Austrian succession…The Seven Years’ War• 1740: no male heir to the ___________ throne

caused ___________• War of Austrian Succession (1740-1748) was

fought in 3 locations:– ___________: Prussia seized Silesia – ___________: France took Madras (Chennai)

from the British– ______________________: British captured

French fortresses• 1748: Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle

– All ___________ occupied territories to original owners

___________ kept ___________ Maria REFUSED and worked to build

her army and separate ___________ from ___________

• After the War of Austrian Succession, two NEW rivalries emerged!!!– ___________ vs ___________: over colonial

empires– ___________ vs ___________: over Silesia

• ______: Diplomatic revolution – Maria Theresa was able to ally Austria to

France– New alliances:

_________ -_________ -_________

vs. ___________ and ___________

– Result: THE SEVEN YEARS WAR: 1756-1763

THE SEVEN YEARS WAR: GREAT WAR FOR EMPIREThe War in Europe• _____: Catherine the Great DIED • _____:Russia left the War • _____: war ended• ___________ remained part of ___________!

The War in India• Fighting between _________ and __________• ___________ won through ___________

The War in North America• ___________ ___________ occurred here• ___________ territory:

– Canada and Louisiana• ___________ territory:

– 13 colonies on east coast • 1763 ___________:

– Britain gained: French ___________ and Lands _______

of ___________ Spanish Florida

– French withdrew from India• _____: ___________ was now the greatest

___________ ___________!

Page 25: Directions: Read your textbook and notes to find the correct years to plug into the timeline. Then cut and tape into notebook

Directions: Locate the original 13 colonies, England, Spain, Netherlands (Dutch), France, Yorktown, Virginia. Then cut and tape into notebook.

Pg 26 Britain and the American Revolution• BACKGROUND:– 1688: _________ Revolution• William and Mary of Orange become monarchs

by signing a __________________– _________ in _________ “takes over”

The American Revolution Begins• CAUSES:1. After 1688 _________ became more powerful than the _________!• PARLIAMENT had the power to:– power to make laws– Collect and raise taxes

2. 1714: The _________ line began to rule England!• _________ Protestants• King George I: (1714-1727)– _________ -born – 1st Hanoverian King– Spoke _____ English_________ – Chief _________ dealt with Parliament

• King George II: 1727-1760– _________ dealt with _________ as well

• King George III: 1760-1820– King of England during the _________

_________3. Britain's North American _________ acted _________:• British __________________, and _________

“technically” _________ the _________– Parliament NEEDED MONEY:• ______: To pay for the ________________

(1756-1763), Parliament imposed the _________ Act on the colonies

• Colonists strongly opposed!

• _____: Parliament _________ the Stamp act but sent _________ over to the Americas.

Americans Revolt against British Rule• The First Continental Congress:

– 1774: Organized by _________ in response to British _________ /sending _________ over

– members urged colonists to form _________– The Beginning of the War:• ______: British troops and colonists

clashed at _________ and _________, MA• _______: 2nd Continental Congress

• created the _______________ _________• _________ _________ =commander

• __________________: • Colonies declared _________ from George

III• _________________, drawing on Enlightened

ideas, wrote the _________________

Europeans and the American Revolution• _________, _________, _________ all helped the

COLONISTS _________ the _________British Defeat– Britain's Enemies support colonists:

• Britain’s _________ who eagerly supported the Americans in hopes of gaining something…

– France becomes the key American Ally:• The French supplied _________ and _________• ______: France granted _________ _________ to

the U.S.• French _________ helped the colonists win

the final battle at _________– _________ and the _________ enter the war after

it seemed like American victory was evident.– ______: British Surrender

• 1783: _________ _________ recognized American independence

The Birth of a New NationBackground to The Constitution• The 1st constitution of the U.S. was called the

_________ of _________– Why? Colonists were PARANOID of a strong

central government– What were the Articles?

•Focused more on _________ as opposed to the NATION

•Because it was more focused on STATES some things could not be decided on.

– How were the articles changed?• _________ _________ of 1787 decided to write

an ENTIERLY NEW form of governmentTHE Constitution• Federal system– States and national govt SHARE power– Montesquieu's separation of power:– _________: • elected representatives• in 2 houses• Make Laws

– _________: • President• Carry out the Laws

– _________: • court system• make sure laws are administered properly

The Bill of Rights• States approved _________________ to the

Constitution, which guaranteed certain freedoms• Enlightenment influence

– Many of the rights were derived from the _________ _________ proposed by Enlightenment thinkers