Weathering, Erosion, Deposition and Soil Review
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition and Soil
Review
Question 1
• True or False: After chemical weathering, the chemical make up of the rock is the same.
Answer 1
• True or False: After chemical weathering, the chemical make up of the rock is the same.
• False
Question 2
• Which soil layer contains partially weathered rock?
Answer 2
• Which soil layer contains partially weathered rock?
• C Horizon
Question 3
• What is the loose material on the Earth’s surface that contains humus?
Answer 3
• What is the loose material on the Earth’s surface that contains humus?
• Soil
Question 4
• Which soil layer is the best for growing plants?
Answer 4
• Which soil layer is the best for growing plants?
• The A Horizon (Topsoil)
Question 5
• What agent of mechanical weathering wears away rock by the grinding action of other rock particles?
Answer 5
• What agent of mechanical weathering wears away rock by the grinding action of other rock particles?
• Abrasion
Question 6
• How does ice wedging cause mechanical weathering of rocks?
Answer 6
• How does ice wedging cause mechanical weathering of rocks?
• By freezing and thawing
Question 7
• The growth of plant roots and animal activity is what type of weathering?
Answer 7
• The growth of plant roots and animal activity is what type of weathering?
• Mechanical Weathering
Question 8
• What kind of weathering causes the mineral composition of rocks to change?
Answer 8
• What kind of weathering causes the mineral composition of rocks to change?
• Chemical weathering
Question 9
• A rock containing iron becomes soft and crumbly and reddish-brown in color. It has probably been weathered by what?
Answer 9
• A rock containing iron becomes soft and crumbly and reddish-brown in color. It has probably been weathered by what?
• Oxygen (oxidation)
Question 10
• How does a hot and wet climate affect the rate of weathering?
Answer 10
• How does a hot and wet climate affect the rate of weathering?
• It makes it take place faster
Question 11
• What are the most important factors in determining the weathering rate of rocks?
Answer 11
• What are the most important factors in determining the weathering rate of rocks?
• Climate and mineral composition
Question 12
• How does soil formation begin?
Answer 12
• How does soil formation begin?
• With the weathering of rock
Question 13
• What is the mixture of rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material, water, and air called?
Answer 13
• What is the mixture of rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material, water, and air called?
• Soil
Question 14
• What is the decayed organic material in soil called?
Answer 14
• What is the decayed organic material in soil called?
• Humus
Question 15
• The type of soil called loam is made of what?
Answer 15
• The type of soil called loam is made of what?
• Nearly equal amounts of sand, silt, and clay
Question 16
• In which layer of soil is topsoil found?
Answer 16
• In which layer of soil is topsoil found?
• A Horizon
Question 17
• What type of particles does the B Horizon contain?
Answer 17
• What type of particles does the B Horizon contain?
• Clay, minerals, and a little humus
Question 18
• What do living organisms do in the soil?
Answer 18
• What do living organisms do in the soil?
• Mix the soil and make humus
Question 19
• What can cause the loss of soil that is not protected by plant cover?
Answer 19
• What can cause the loss of soil that is not protected by plant cover?
• Erosion by wind or water
Question 20
• Plowing removed the grass from the Great Plains and exposed the soil. What effect did this have when a drought struck the Great Plains during the 1930’s?
Answer 20
• Plowing removed the grass from the Great Plains and exposed the soil. What effect did this have when a drought struck the Great Plains during the 1930’s?
• It helped to cause the Dust Bowl
Question 21
• What is the solid layer of rock beneath the soil called?
Answer 21
• What is the solid layer of rock beneath the soil called?
• The Bedrock (R Horizon)
Question 22
• What is another name for the B Horizon?
Answer 22
• What is another name for the B Horizon?
• Subsoil
Question 23
• What type of weathering occurs when pollutants in the air mix with the water vapor in the air?
Answer 23
• What type of weathering occurs when pollutants in the air mix with the water vapor in the air?
• Acid Rain
Question 24
• What is the process where sediment is dropped off in a new location?
Answer 24
• What is the process where sediment is dropped off in a new location?
• deposition
Question 25
• What force causes mass movement?
Answer 25
• What force causes mass movement?
• gravity
Question 26
• Where does water above ground deposit sediment?
Answer 26
• Where does water above ground deposit sediment?
• Where the water slows down
Question 27
• What is the name of the cave formation that hangs from the ceiling?
Answer 27
• What is the name of the cave formation that hangs from the ceiling?
• stalactite
Question 28
• What is the name for the particles that are picked up and moved by wind and water?
Answer 28
• What is the name for the particles that are picked up and moved by wind and water?
• sediment
Question 29
• What are the natural forces that move weathered rock particles and soil from one place to another?
Answer 29
• What are the natural forces that move weathered rock particles and soil from one place to another?
• Erosion
Question 30
• How to glaciers cause erosion?
• They move over land and pick up rocks and boulders
Question 31
• What is a tiny groove in the soil called?
Answer 31
• What is a tiny groove in the soil called?
• Rill
Question 32
• What is a large groove in the ground that water travels through called?
Answer 32
• What is a large groove in the ground that water travels through called?
• Gully
Question 33
• Where does wind deposit sediment?
Answer 33
• Where does wind deposit sediment?
• Where it slows down – sand dunes
Question 34
• How do caves form?
Answer 34
• How do caves form?
• Chemical weathering by carbonic acid then sediments erode into groundwater and form stalactites and stalagmites as the sediments are deposited
Question 35
• What is groundwater?
Answer 35
• What is groundwater?
• The term geologists give for water that is underground
Question 36
• What is creep?
Answer 36
• What is creep?
• A type of mass movement where sediment slowly moves downhill because of gravity
Question 37
• How does wind move sediment?
Answer 37
• How does wind move sediment?
• By deflation
Question 38
• What is the term for how a glacier picks up sediment?
Answer 38
• What is the term for how a glacier picks up sediment?
• Plucking
Question 39
• How does water above ground cause erosion?
Answer 39
• How does water above ground cause erosion?
• Moving water picks up and moves sediments
Question 40
• What are stalagmites?
Answer 40
• What are stalagmites?
• A cave formation that grows from the cave floor
Question 41
• What is a glacier?
Answer 41
• What is a glacier?
• A large mass of ice that moves slowly
Question 42
• Where does water below ground deposit sediment?
Answer 42
• Where does water below ground deposit sediment?
• In cave formations
Question 43
• Where do glaciers deposit sediment?
Answer 43
• Where do glaciers deposit sediment?
• Where they begin to melt
Question 44
• What is sediment?
Answer 44
• What is sediment?
• The particles of rock and soil that are moved by erosion
Question 45
• Where does gravity deposit sediment?
Answer 45
• Where does mass movement deposit sediment?
• At the bottom of the hill