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RECE WED 1 .1 POOox3i2 SwiUi HghIs, PA 1SOBI Environmental Qualityoani ,: Po Box 8477 Harrisburg, Pa. 17105-8477 Dear Board Members, This letter is a follow up to the Hearing at Washington & Jefferson College on 4/2912015. I disagree with the speakers that said the waters in Pa are pristine. I live alongside of the Ohio River and my drinking water depends on a clean water source. Attached is a report that the EPA Reports Ohio River Mast Contaminated Body of Water In The Country. Frack water flowback has been allowed to enterthe rivers and streams . In 2010 the Clairton Coke Works filed a complaint with the EPA that the Mon. River was not fit for industrial use. The people of Clairton used the municipal water to wash dishes. The dish washers clogged with salt The Brine from the Marcellus wells were allowed to be ran through the Municipal sewerage systems into the river. Source , Fly Fisherman Magazine, May 2010. The Allegheny River in Warren Pa has been polluted with the radio-active waste from the Marcellus drilling. Studies have been taken above and below the sewerage treatment plants. Nothing above & high radio-activity below. All readings are above safe and federal limits. Rules against the discharge have to be enforced with Jail time. Paying a fine is business as usual and passed on to the public. No changes will happen without robust enforcement. I also disagree with the notion that the regulations harm the oil & gas industry. By over producing , the industry has driven the price down, slowed investment, stopped drilling, and caused layoffs. Laws and Regulations need to constantly change to keep up with current conditions. Just like a building or fire prevention code. This protects everyone. The PaDEP must live up to.its mission statement and enforce all state and federal environmental laws with fidelity. Both conventional (78) and unconventional (78a) laws have to catch up with current Supreme Court definitions of the Pa Constitution. Article #1 Sec. 27, as defined. Along with others. The environment in Pa. is under attack. Never in our history has there been so many challenges. Lets start to connect the dots. In 1960 ,the U.S Dept. of the interior published a Geological Survey on Uranium in Carbonaceous rocks for the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. “Oil Yield and Uranium Content of Black Shales.” By Vernon B. Swanson. A Geological Survey Professional Paper 356-A. Please get a copy for documentation. U.S. Printing Office. The US after WW2 was looking for a source of uranium for military and industrial uses. It was found in the Black shale’s. They are dried sea beds , full of brine . When it rots it gives off radon gas. It travels up to the earths surface through staictures in the earth, It passes through aquifers and condenses in cellars and caves. Radon is the second cause of lung cancer. Now comes the Hydraulic fracturing industry and drills miles of radio-active rock and brings tailings to the surface exposing the citizens and workers of Pa to extreme radiation. The R 226 & R 228 attach themselves to the Brine making it also highly radioactive The Holding ponds expose everyone and everything to uncontrolled radioactivity. The New York Times ran a report on the safe limits. 5 Po/L is the maximum allowed by law. They took readings from hundreds of ponds full of flowback water and showed thousands of times over the legal and safe limits Beaver County times, (Fracking wastewater can be highly Radioactive)
20

WED RECE - IRRC

Feb 18, 2022

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Page 1: WED RECE - IRRC

RECE WED

__________

1 .1 POOox3i2SwiUi HghIs, PA 1SOBI

Environmental Qualityoani ,:

Po Box 8477Harrisburg, Pa. 17105-8477

Dear Board Members,

This letter is a follow up to the Hearing at Washington & Jefferson College on 4/2912015.I disagree with the speakers that said the waters in Pa are pristine. I live alongside of theOhio River and my drinking water depends on a clean water source. Attached is a reportthat the EPA Reports Ohio River Mast Contaminated Body ofWater In The Country.Frack water flowback has been allowed to enterthe rivers and streams . In 2010 theClairton Coke Works filed a complaint with the EPA that the Mon. River was not fit forindustrial use. The people of Clairton used the municipal water to wash dishes. The dishwashers clogged with salt The Brine from the Marcellus wells were allowed to be ranthrough the Municipal sewerage systems into the river. Source , Fly FishermanMagazine, May 2010. The Allegheny River in Warren Pa has been polluted with theradio-active waste from the Marcellus drilling. Studies have been taken above and belowthe sewerage treatment plants. Nothing above & high radio-activity below. All readingsare above safe and federal limits. Rules against the discharge have to be enforced withJail time. Paying a fine is business as usual and passed on to the public. No changes willhappen without robust enforcement.I also disagree with the notion that the regulations harm the oil & gas industry. By overproducing , the industry has driven the price down, slowed investment, stopped drilling,and caused layoffs. Laws and Regulations need to constantly change to keep up withcurrent conditions. Just like a building or fire prevention code. This protects everyone.The PaDEP must live up to.its mission statement and enforce all state and federalenvironmental laws with fidelity. Both conventional (78) and unconventional (78a)laws have to catch up with current Supreme Court definitions of the Pa Constitution.Article #1 Sec. 27, as defined. Along with others.The environment in Pa. is under attack. Never in our history has there been so manychallenges. Lets start to connect the dots. In 1960 ,the U.S Dept. of the interior publisheda Geological Survey on Uranium in Carbonaceous rocks for the U.S. Atomic EnergyCommission. “Oil Yield and Uranium Content ofBlack Shales.” By Vernon B.Swanson. A Geological Survey Professional Paper 356-A. Please get a copy fordocumentation. U.S. Printing Office. The US after WW2 was looking for a source ofuranium for military and industrial uses. It was found in the Black shale’s. They are driedsea beds , full ofbrine . When it rots it gives offradon gas. It travels up to the earthssurface through staictures in the earth, It passes through aquifers and condenses in cellarsand caves. Radon is the second cause of lung cancer. Now comes the Hydraulicfracturing industry and drills miles of radio-active rock and brings tailings to the surfaceexposing the citizens and workers of Pa to extreme radiation. The R 226 & R 228 attachthemselves to the Brine making it also highly radioactive The Holding ponds exposeeveryone and everything to uncontrolled radioactivity. The New York Times ran a reporton the safe limits. 5 Po/L is the maximum allowed by law. They took readings fromhundreds of ponds full of flowback water and showed thousands of times over the legaland safe limits Beaver County times, (Fracking wastewater can be highly Radioactive)

Page 2: WED RECE - IRRC

1/30/2013. No Agency really regulates its ,handling transport, or disposal. Workersharmed by radio-active exposure. Copy enclosed. Now comes the secret exposure. ThePERF GUN. Halliburton has a patient on a explosive device that blows the hole in thepipe to get the sand to penetrate the fractured shale. It holds the pathway for gas to escapethe rock. The perf gun has DEPLETED Uranium disks that are also highly radioactive.This adds to the situation ofbirth defects. Cloogle , Depleted Uranium. Both Militaryinjuries and civilian. This exposes every Pennsylvanian to severe harm.Next is a report from E. Ivan White, Staff scientist for the National Council on RadiationProtection. Radiation should Never be released into the environment in an uncontrolledmanner because ofthe potential for exposure from many potential pathways that exist.Pa State DEP allows Radio-Active flowback water to be put on roads for dust control andsnow/ice melting. This has to stop! Also, PaDEP allows flowback radio-active wastewater to be discharged into drinking water sources by Municipal sewerage plants. ThisMUST stop ! See the Duke Universitystudy of the Josephine Brine treatment plant intoBlaekliek Creek. The streams in Washington and Green Counties have shown dangerouslevels of Radio-activity. The Pa Auditor Generals Audit of the PaDEP has to carryweight ifwe are to protect our living spaces. The Health, Safety, and Welfare of allPennsylvanians are at stake. Looking forward to your updates in the Law.

Sincerely Yours,Robert L. Schmetzer

I

_

Page 3: WED RECE - IRRC

Rrt4

/aef7E

l4I

NT

R0

DU

CT

I0

NI

Eversince

thefirstdiscovery

of“radium

”in

thelate

nineteenthcen

tury,radioactive

materials

havebeen

usedin

variousw

ays.W

ehave

seenseveral

occasionsw

henlife

hasbeen

acutelyharm

edby

nucleardevices:

Hiroshim

a,N

agasaki,outdoor

nuclearbom

btestings,

Three

Mile

Island,C

hernobyl,and

now,

Fukushima.A

lthoughw

eare

alreadylM

ngw

ithradiation

presentinna

ture(know

nas

backgroundrad

iation),

many

ofus

arem

ostcertainly

livingalongside

man-m

aderadiation,

which

isfar

more

hostileto

ourlife,letalone

otherliving

creatures.You

might be

surprisedto

findnuclear

facilitiesnearby,

inyour

countryor

region.N

uclearen

ergycontinuously

producesdan

gerousradioactive

materials

thatenters

oureveryday

lifethrough

airandw

ater,evenw

ithoutm

ajoraccidents.

The

Fukushima

nucleardisaster

thatbegan

in2011

stillcontinues

topose

threattothe

peopleand

environmentin

theregion,

andeven

faroutsidethe

Jap

aneseborders.W

hatcanw

elearn

fromFukushim

aand

peo

plein

Japanin

orderto

togetherresistnuclearenergy?

One

thingallof

uscan

fois

tolearn

aboutradiation.

Inthis

zineyou

canlearn

afew

tipsto

avoidnegative

effectsof

radiation.W

ecan

learntogether

inorder

tobreak

theculture

ofsilencein

nuclearindustry,

andto

breakthe

myths

thatwe

havebeen

made

tobelieve

foravery

longtim

e.R

eclaimscIence,

protestand

survive!*aIlth

einform

ationin

thiszine

iscopyright-free

andyou

areen

courag

eto

share

itwith

oth

ers.

How

do

es.radiatio

neffect

yourbody?

itd

epen

ds

onw

hereyou

are,w

hatyou

doand

yourage,

sex,etc.

There

isa

whole

varietyof

radiationand

un

der

idingitis

imperative.

Even

if yourbody

isnot

directlyex

posedto

radiation,your

bodycan

de

velopillnesses

byinhaling

andin

gest

ingradioactive

materials.

This

iscalled

internalexposure

(asopposed

toexternal

exposure),w

hichis

oftenexcluded

from“risks”

conceivedby

nuclearpow

erindustry

asw

ellas

governmental

regulator.H

owever,

becauseof

low-level

radiationthe

long:

termhealth

effectshave

castshadow

s‘

inm

anycom

munities

aroundthe

globelike

towns

nearuranium

mines

andnuclear

power

plants,w

hichroutinely

releaseradioactive

materials

intothe

air.T

hedanger

ofradiation

isinherent

evenw

ithoutaccidents

likeF

ukushima

andC

hernobyl.U

sually,the

averagefor

radiationef

1fects

onhum

anis

modeled

aroundhealthy

20-year-oldw

hitem

ale,w

eigh

ing70

kg.H

owever,

we

doknow

thatchildren

andpregnant

wom

enare

them

ostvulnerable

toradiation.

There

isno

safedose

ofradiation.

There

isno

solutionin

keepingcalm

,or

believingthat

‘thereis

noim

mediate

effect.’Y

ourbody

belongsto

you!A

littlebit

ofscience

canhelp

protectyou

andyour

lovedones

(includingyour

furryfriends,

ofcourse).

An

old.schoolG

eigerC

ounter(radiation

monitoring

device)

More

portable,affordable

yetefficientGeiger

Counters

became

widely

availableafter

Fukushime

Nuclear

Disaster

in2011.

Page 4: WED RECE - IRRC

WH

AT

DO

ES

CO

EX

IST

ING

WIT

HR

AD

IAT

ION

ME

AN

?

...T

OST

AY

AW

AY

FR

OM

IT!

Rad

iatio

nis

n’ta

nob

viou

ssu

bjec

t lik

eci

gare

ttesm

oke.

Itis

odor

less

,fl

avor

less

and

invi

sibl

e.A

lthou

ghth

ere

are

still

polit

icia

nsan

dsc

ien

tists

who

sa9

smal

lam

ount

isno

harm

(ore

ven

bene

ficia

l!)to

your

body

,yo

une

edto

lear

nto

doub

twha

tthe

irm

otiv

atio

nsar

e.T

hose

are

the

peop

lew

hobe

nefi

tfro

mst

atus

-quo

,an

dm

ost o

fthe

time

your

heal

thdo

esno

tcon

cern

them

,for

the

sake

ofke

epin

gth

epr

ofita

ble

nucl

ear

busi

ness

goin

g.

The

basi

cid

eaof

radi

olog

ical

scie

nce

isth

atth

ere

isno

such

thin

gas

aco

mpl

etel

ysa

fedo

se,

and

even

“bac

kgro

und”

and

med

ical

radi

atio

nis

harm

fult

oyo

u.T

here

isa

scie

ntif

icco

nsen

sus

know

nas

2005

BEIR

VII

(Bio

logi

cal

Effe

cts

ofIo

nizi

ngR

adia

tion)

repo

rtfr

omN

atio

nal

Aca

dem

yof

Scie

nce

whi

chfä

und

that

risk

ries

with

expo

sure

atan

yle

vel

abov

eze

ro.

RA

DIA

TIO

NIS

EM

ITT

ED

FR

OM

RA

DIO

AC

TIV

EM

AT

ER

IAL

S.W

hen

anat

omof

radi

oact

ive

mat

eria

lde

cays

,the

rear

eth

ree

type

sof

—ra

diat

ion

that

emit:

Alp

hapa

rtic

les,

Bet

apa

rtic

les

&G

amm

ara

ys(a

ndX

-Ray

s)M

ost

radi

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aniu

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dpl

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ium

,do

not g

oth

roug

hyo

ursk

inbu

tyou

can

inha

lean

din

gest

them

.If

they

geti

nto

your

body

, the

yca

nir

radi

ate

cells

ofva

rious

orga

nsan

dca

use

illne

sses

like

canc

er.

13(b

eta)

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s can

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urbo

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alph

apa

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.

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$PA

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ICL

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RC

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ION

WH

AT

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KES

TOST

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RADI

ATIO

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PH

Apa

rtic

les

SHE

ET

OF

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PER

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part

icle

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I—,

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TE

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LATI

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and

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radi

atio

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harm

ful.

Page 5: WED RECE - IRRC

RA

DIA

TIO

NIS

CU

MU

LA

TIV

EIN

1OU

RB

OD

VThis

diagramshow

shum

anorgans

andradioactive

materials

thatare

likelyto

accumulate

ineach

organ.Each

radioactivem

aterialalso

indicatesits

decaym

odeand

thenum

bersshow

ingbiological

half-life(reference

tohow

toxicitstays).

(Diagram

reference:Jirizaburo

Takagi,

Mikiko

Watanabe,

“ShokutakuN

iAgatta

Houshanou”

2011)

RA

DIO

AC

TIV

EM

AT

ER

iAL

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IMA

RIL

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EL

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SE

DF

RO

MU

KU

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[Iurtitn—I2

in:

[3(F

t—t.l

days)C

ijni

137:(halt-hF:

30y

ars)

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30yirs)

Plutonium

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24,000years)

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ranium(a&

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m(13)

(18y)Z

irconiu

m(13)

(64d)

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(a&13)

(i000so

fy)

Page 6: WED RECE - IRRC

HO

WR

AD

IAT

ION

AC

TS

INY

OU

RB

OD

Y

x—

rays

are

wha

t we

are

accu

stom

edat

med

ical

faci

litie

s.Y

ou•w

ear

lead

jack

ets

topr

even

tyou

rbo

dypa

rts

tobe

pene

trat

edw

fthra

diat

ion

apar

tfro

mw

here

you

are

bein

gsc

anne

d

y—ra

ys(g

amm

a),

very

sim

ilart

obu

thas

mor

een

ergy

than

x-ra

ys,

also

goes

thro

ugh

your

body

ard

coul

dhu

rtyo

urD

NA

.

ENNC

HMEN

TPLA

NT

____

L(±%L

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INTH

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We

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Mft

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Page 7: WED RECE - IRRC

FU

KU

.SH

IM

AT

hem

eltdown

andexplosions

atfour

reactorsat

Tokyo

Electric’s

Fukushim

aD

aiichiN

uclearPow

er,P

lantcaused

massive

releasesof

radiationw

hichstill

continuesto

thisday.

People

inJap

ancontinue

tolive

inradiation-

contaminated

areas.W

hy?B

ecausetheir

government

doesnot

provideany

supportfor

relocationto

keeptheir

country’snuclear

energyprogram

running.W

ehave

seenpeople

facingcom

pletedenial

andbetrayal

ofthe

officials.

People

questionw

hytheir

government

does

nothelp

Itsow

npeople.

The

protestscontinue

inthe

streets,at

workplaces,

atuniversities

-but

inthe

meantim

e,‘radiation

continuesto

spreadinto

theireveryday

life,and

unlessthey

haveproper

knowledge

aboutradiation,

theirlives

arethreatened.

Fronithe

crippledpow

erplant

inF

ukushima

inradiation

isspreading

allover

Japanthrough

air,w

aterand

fooddistribution.

So

peopleare

takingvarious

counterm

easureson

theirow

nto

avoidexposure

toradiation.

FU

KU

0:

How

arepeople

inJapan

livingunder

radiation?.

A:While

many

peopleare

livingw

ith

invisiblebattle

with

radiation, many

havebeen

monitoring

radioactivityon

theirow

nto

minim

izeexposure.

Mainly

food,-

water,

soiland

air. Also

many

haverelo-

Schoolchildren

inFukushim

ahave

been‘1

..

.iprovided

with

radiationdosim

eterthat don’t

catedto

safeareas

judgingfrom

reaci-alarm

themfordanger

but merely

collectsings

thepeople

themselves

discovered,cum

ulativedata.

Forinstance,

agroup

inTokyo

foundcesium

inm

other’sm

ilkshortly

afterFukushim

a.0:

How

dopeople

monitor

radiationand

sharethe

data?

A: A

lotofm

onitoringbegan

autonomously

among

parentsw

hohave

small

children.G

eigercounters

havebecom

ehoush

olditem

sin

easternJapan

(includingthe

capitalTokyo)soon

afterthe

Fukushima

meltdow

n.People

monitored

andtw

eetedthe

datafrom

neighborhoodparks,

schoolyards, ther

gardens.In

some

occasionsthey

discoveredhotspots

(highlyradioactive

spots)in

theareas

where

theofficials

didnothing

otherwise.

A:

Read

thistestim

onyfrom

am

otherw

horelocated

toS

apporoC

ityfrom

Shirakawa,

acity

outsidethe

evacuationzone:

What

made

me

decideto

move

out

ofFukushim

aw

asm

y12

yearold

son’sanxious

look,w

hen,in

May

2011,he

hadcontinuous

heavynose

bleeding.H

easked

me,

“Are

we

okayto

stayhere?”

Sinceth

atmo

ment,

it nolonger

mattered

tom

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Page 8: WED RECE - IRRC
Page 9: WED RECE - IRRC

/ ber iey

Consideration of Radiation InHazardous Waste Produced from

Horizontal Hydrofracking

Report ofE. Ivan WhiteStaffScientistfor the

National Council on Radiation Protection

Radioactivity in the environment, especially the presence of the knowncarcinogen radium, poses a potentially significant threat to human health.Therefore, any activity that has the potential to increase that exposure must becarefully analyzed prior to its commencement so that the risks can be fullyunderstood. Horizontal hydrofracking for natural gas in the Marcellus Shaleregion of New York State has the potential to result in the production of largeamounts ofwaste materials containing Radium-226 and Radium-228 in bothsolid and liquid mediums.

A complete and thorough analysis of the potential environmental pathways forexposure of people to these radioactive materials is a prerequisite to anyregulatory approval of activities involving their extraction, handling,transportation and storage.

The guiding principle for this work is that radioactivity should never bereleased into the environment in an uncontrolled manner because of thepotential for exposure from the many potential pathways that exist.

Over the past fifty years, the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) and the NuclearRegulatory Commission (NRC) have spent millions of dollars on research thathas resulted in computer models of the transport of radioactivity through theenvironment to humans. These environmental transport and human uptakemodels, kuowr as “RESidual RADiation,” or “RESRAD,” are designed to beincorporated into governmental regulatory guidelines to ensure that people arenot exposed to levels of radiation and radioactivity that would result in negativehealth impacts.

In April of 1999, the New York State Department of EnvironmentalConservation’s Division of Solid and Hazardous Materials, assisted byrepresentatives from sixteen oil and gas companies, conducted an internalinvestigation entitled An investigation ofNaturally Occurring RadioactiveMaterials (NORM) in Oil and Gas Wells in New York State. The report concludedthat drill cuttings and wastewater from oil and gas drilling operations “do notconstitute a health risk for the State’s residents nor present a potentialdegradation of the State’s environment

Page 10: WED RECE - IRRC

A similarly cavalier attitude towards human exposure to radioactive materialpervades the NYS DEC’s 2011 Draft Revised Supplemental GenericEnvironmental Impact Statement (rSGEIS). The document’s superficialcharacterization of radiation risks has prompted warnings from radiationexperts, including those at the EPA whose public comments on the rSGEIS reflectdeep concerns about the DEC’s understanding and appreciation of the actualrisks posed by radiation.

The National Council on Radiation Protection (NCRP) is a Congressionally-chartered agency charged with the authority and responsibilty to coordinatepublic information on radiation protection and radiation measurements. In its2010 NCRP Report #169, Design ofEffective Radiological Effluent Monitoring andEnvironmental Surveillance Programs, we describe the required radiationdetection equipment and state-of-the-art modeling approaches for de’terminingradionuclide transport pathways in the atmosphere, surface water,groundwater, and soil. Methods are presented for estimating potential radiationdose to the public and natural ecosystems resulting from releases ofradionuclides into the environment.

Based on my experience in assessing potential transport pathways for radiationand a review of the DEC’s internal report, I find two serious flaws that must beaddressed and corrected prior to any final determination related tohydrofracking in New York State. The first is that the report examined a verydifferent type of drilling than that which is being proposed. The second is thatthe authors used RESRAD in a limited way, resulting in faulty conclusions.

The 1999 DEC report examines vertically-drilled oil and gas wells in New YorkState that have been hydrofracked. This is very different from the horizontalhydrofracking currently being proposed for New York State. Vertical wells of thetype measured by the NYSDEC are typically 1500-3000 feet deep with minimalpenetration into the Marcellus shale formation. Horizontal slickwaterbydrofracking wells, on the other hand, reach depths of 6,000 feet before turninghorizontally for an additional mile or so. These deeper, longer wells have amuch greater overall exposure to the Marcellus Shale formation and theradioactive materials contained within it, and thus an increased likelihood ofbringing that radioactivity to the surface. (See Figure 1)

Page 11: WED RECE - IRRC

Horizontal gas well

Mrcoltu Shalo Formation

Figure 1: Comparison ofExposure to NORM in Marceflus Shale forVertical Wells and Horizontal Wells

The second flaw is that RESRAD was not properly used to determine ll of thepotential pathways of the radiation. The following diagrams illustrate thepotential pathways for radionuclides released into the environment in anuncontrolled manner, in air or in water.

GreaterTotat Exposure toNormally Occurring Ftadlaotlve Material (NORM)

ill

FladioactlvOI Matertal

Figure 2: Pathways for Radiation Migration Through Air

Page 12: WED RECE - IRRC

Ii’

For example, if radioactive wastewater from hydrofracking is spread on aroad, there are two possible scenarios involving different pathways.

In one, the radioactive waste is spread on a paved road with a crown.Some of the waste will inevitably run off the road and find its way intoa waterway or onto grazing fields or crops with the resulting pathways.The radioactivity in the waste remaining on the road will beresuspended by the traffic into the air with the resulting directexposure to humans or biota.

In the second scenario, the waste spread on the dirt road is adsorbed bythe dirt. When the dirt road dries out, the radioactive waste isresuspended in the dust from the road. The dust particle size andconcentration is determined by the weight of a vehicle, the number oftires, and its speed. The dust is inhaled by humans and animals anddeposited on the local vegetation, with the resulting pathways asillustrated above.

In both cases the cumulative impact of the radioactive waste will bedetermined by the amount of radiation contained in the waste, thenumber of vehicles and humans travelling on the road over years,proximity to residential or commercial areas, the amount of radiationmigrating off road into streams or lakes or blowing onto agriculturalland, and finally, the total potential dose to affected humans over time.

RadiocLivGMateriaL -

Figure 3: Pathways for Radiation Migration Through Soil and Water

Page 13: WED RECE - IRRC

The radiation dose from a single truck travelling 40 miles per hour on a dirt roadin rural New York State may appear to be insignificant, but the cumulative dosefrom 30 to 40 years of trucks could very easily be significant and needs to berigorously calculated. Although there is considerable concern for the generalpopulation, exposed populations also include those most vulnerable; the old, theyoung and the ill.

Importantly, the type of radioactive material found in the Marcellus Shaleand brought to the surface by horizontal hydrofracking is the type that isparticularly long-lived, and could easily bio-accumulate over time anddeliver a dangerous radiation dose to potentially millions ofpeople longafter the drilling is over.

Under the linear-no threshold hypothesis used in radiation protection, the goalis to limit the total radiation dose to large populations because of the increasedprobability ofhealth effects. In the current case, the uncontrolled release ofhazardous waste could result in the exposure of millions of people over decades.

Moreover, this scenario does not include any analysis of exposures to otherhazardous chemicals used in the fracking process, which could have an unknownsynergistic effect on the population.

SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS

1. Radioactive materials and chemical wastes do not just go away whenthey are released into the environment. They remain active and potentiallylethal, and can show up years later in unexpected places. They bio-accumulate inthe food chain, eventually reaching humans. Under the proposal for horizontalhydrofracking in New York State, there are insufficient precautions formonitoring potential pathways or to even know what is being released into theenvironment.

2. The NYS DEC has not proposed sufficient regulations for trackingradioactive waste from horizontal hydrofracking. By way of comparison, thenuclear.industry has to rigorously account for all releases of radioactivity. Noradioactive material leaves a nuclear fcility without being carefully tracked toits safe final destination. Neither New York State nor the Nuclear RegulatoryCommission would permit a nuclear power plant to handle radioactive materialin this manner. (It is important to note that tracking of radioactive materialscannot be accomplished retrospectively; accurate accounting must beincorporated from the very beginning to ensure public safety.J

Page 14: WED RECE - IRRC

3 RESRAD was made precisely for situations like this, but it must be usedproperly to produce valid conclusions. Picking and choosing isolatedscenarios and ignoring downstream exposures, as was done in the Report, is nota proper use of RESRAD and renders the conclusions invalid. All of the potentialpathways over a span of decades as the hazardous material accumulates and thepub1ics body burden build up must be considered to produce a valid RESRADconclusion. This applies to both radioactive and chemical waste.

4. While this statement deals only with the radioactivity ofwaste producedby horizontal hydrofracking, the same principles of exposure pathwaysmust be taken into account for all of the toxic chemicals used in theprocess. The EPA Pavilion Report demonstrates that there are hazardouschemicals in fracking fluid, and a recent review of the EPA report confirmed thatit was valid.

E. Ivan WhiteOctober, 2012

This report was editedforpublic release by Grassroots Environmental Education, anon-profit or9anization.

Page 15: WED RECE - IRRC

(19) United States

‘a 111111101011111111101111101 H 111110111 [11111111 liii 11111111US 20110000669A1

(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0000669 AlBarlow et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jan. 6, 2011

(54) PERFORATING GUN ASSEMBLY ANDMETHOD FOR CONTROLLING WELLBOREPRESSURE REGIMES DURINGPERFORATING

(75) Inventors: Darren Ross Barlow, Houston, TX(US); Cam Van Is, Missouri City,TX (US); James Marshall Barker,Mansfield, TX (US)

Correspondence Address:LAWRENCE R YOUSTLawrence Youst PLLC2900 McKinnon, Suite 2208DALLAS, TX 75201 (US)

(73) Assignee: HALLIBURTON ENERGYSERVICES, INC., Carroliton, DC(US)

(21) Appi. No.: 12/512,530

106—110—

116-us

120—...

124—126-

(22) Filed: .TuL 30, 2009

Related U.S. Application Dab

(60) Provisional applicationNo. 61/222,106, filed on Jul. 1,2009.

Publication Classification

(51) Tnt. Ci.E21B 43/11 (2006.01)E21B 29/02 (2006.01)

(52) U.S. Cl 1661297; 166/55.1; 166/63

(57) ABSTRACT

A perforating gun assembly for use in a weilbore. The perforating gun assembly includes a carriergun body and a chargeholder disposed within the carrier gun body. A plurality ofshaped charges are supported within the carrier gun body. Asecondary pressure generator is operably associated with atleast one ofthe shaped charges. The secondary pressure generator optimizes the weilbore pressure regime immediatelyafter detonation of the shaped charges by controlling thedynamic underbalancecreatedby the empty gim chambers toprevent excessive dynamic underbalance which may detrimentally effect the perforating operation.

—-140

—las

—‘34

-112

-114—132-us—136

I104—

0

-122

Page 16: WED RECE - IRRC

Subscribe to The Times : Log In Regter Now Kelp TimesPeopleHOME PAO TOOAS PAPER ViDEO MOST POPULAR liMES TOPICS

SearcliAtN’rflmescom fo]

WORLD U.S NY / REGION BUSINESS TECHNOIOGY SCIENCE HEALTH SPORTS OPINION ARTS STYLE TRAVEL JOBS REAL ESTATE AUTOS

POLITLCS EDUCATION BAY AREA CHICAGO TEXAS

Published: February 25, 2011

Toxic Contamination From Natural Gas WellsThe New York Times collected data from more than 200 natural gas wells in Pennsylvania. Many of them are tapping into the Mareellus Shale, a vast

underground rock formation. But a method being used to stimulate wells, called hydraulic fracturing, produces wastewater containing corrosive salts andradioactive and carcinogenic materials. In Pennsylvania, this wastewater has been sent through sewage treatment plants that cannot remove some of the

contaminants before the water is discharged into rivers and streams that provide drinking water. The Times was able to map 149 of the wells.

How much toxiccontaminaHon wasfound in wastewaterfrom each well

Colored circles on the map arescaled to show the amount ofeach contanilnant found inwastewater from each wall.The key to the left shows theamount over the federal limit.

o UndertheEmornodata

• Put4k sewage treatmentplant that accepted gasindustly wastewater withinthe past ur yeais

• Drir’cing water intake plantthat drew in waterdownstream fromwastewater dischaie

• Water quality monitoringstation that began testingtar radioactivity in rivers inNovember2010

1WrT7ER

Toxics Targeting Environmental ProtectIon Agencc state regulators; drilling anles INTOE-MAIL

Related LInks

iuhti’)n l ills’ I jL’l Wi’r Iii itn

SHARE

World N.Y.IReoian Business Teobriolocy Science 1-leslth Jon Travel Jobs RealEstate BacktoToo

gjThe New York_Times Conioanv Your Ad Choices; Terms of Service Cccri0cs; First look - Contact Us WforUs Advertise

ck -e(

Radium

Uranium

,Ber.ne

42 wells exceeded the federaldrinking .vater standard orradium.

A1cOUNT OVER ThE FEDERALLIMIT FOl RABIUM

1500 lancs

- 25Obrnas

JEREMY Vit-IITE. HAEYOUN PARK AND IAN URBINA I Send Feedback

http:Jfwww.nytlmes.com!interactlve!201 1(02/2?/us!natural—gas—map.iitmt?ni=todaysheadlifleS&emC=tha23 Page 1 c

Page 17: WED RECE - IRRC

Oil Yield and

Uranium Content

of Black ShalesBy VERNON E. SWANSON

URANIUM IN CARBONACEOUS ROCKS

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 356-A

Tizi! report co’icerrn work done on beha(f AøT0F

of the U.S. 4tomrc Energy Comm ission-‘-

and is publisAed wit/i the permission 2of the Commi:siot

3.

oer

37O73 L

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OPFICE WA’SHINGTON : 1960

U

Page 18: WED RECE - IRRC

ROL4NDE CUTNER, Esq.60 Broad Street

Suite 350235th Floor

New York, NY 10004Telephone (646) 474-1750

Fax (646) 349-2240Cellphone : (347) 556-5663

Email rokrnde.be1lavitagmail.cornEmail:[email protected]

In Paris, France In New York, Residence127 rue du Ranelagh 319 West 94th StreetParis 75016 Suite#341France New York, NY 10025Telephone 011 331 45 25 98 33 Cell phone (347) 556-5663Cell phone 0622 942222

New York, September 12, 2012

REMARKS ON TIlE DAMAGE RELEASE AGREEMENT.SUBMITTED TO ME ON SEPTEMBER 13, 2012

1. This type of Agreement could permit a large fraud orchestrated by shadowcharacters

(a) RANGE RESOURCES APPALACHIA, LLC

Is a kind of partnerships where the releasors signing this

release agreement could be the innocent victims of a large

fraud.

(b) RANGE RESOURCES APPALACHIAN LLC does not have

an address . . .only a P.O. Box...

(c) The Releasor do not know the President, the Vice President,

the Treasurer, the Chief Executor Officer of this LLC

(d) The Releasor have not seen the Articles of Organization of the

LLC and the original receipt of the Department of State

I

Page 19: WED RECE - IRRC

//

showing payment of the filing fee on the day of the

organization of the Limited Liabiity Company.

(e) The Board of Directors and officers are unknown.

(f) Initial Capital Contributions are unknown and we do not know

if there is an Obligation to Restore Deficit Balance if any?.

(g) Compliance with Insurance obligation is unknown.

(h) What is going to happen in case of death of member interest,

dissolution, Bankruptcy or incompetency of the management

driving the operation of the company to a disaster?

(i) Behind this LLC with a P0 Box as only address, it could exist

a scheme run entirely by shadow characters committing felony

of grand larceny in connection with an alleged improvements

of the surface of the land, drilling activity, dust, noise, increase

traffic, imposed by the LLC RANGE RESOURCES on the

innocent victims, land owners and home owners in the areas.

(I) This DAMAGE RELEASE AGREEMENT does not provide

enough evidence that the company LLC can frlfill its

engagements contains in the AGREEMENT.

(k) Furthermore it is incredible that the possible damages resulting

from drilling activity, dust, noise, increased traffic and road

construction of well sites could be evaluated at only $1,500.00

(1) It looks that the company has no idea of the extension of

damages on the properties of the innocent victim in the area,

2

Page 20: WED RECE - IRRC

Page 1 ofl

Breaking News ALERT**Breaking News ALERT**Breaking News ALERT**

Fracking Linked to Birth Defects in Landmark StudyA recent, peer-reviewed study has linked birth defects to the presence of fracking within a 1 fl-mile radius of the mother’shome. -

This important study, conducted by researchers at the Colorado School of Public Health and Brown liniversily, found ‘ranassociation between the density and proximity of natural gas wells within a 10 mile radius of maternal residence andorevalence of congenital heart defects” as well as possible links to defects of the brain and spinal cord.

With the explosive growth of tracking and the drilling of new oil and gas wells across the United States, including in largepopulation areas, we are placing our infants and children at risk of devastating birth defects and other harms.

Read the enclosed letter and take action by joining Food & Water Watch’s national campaign to ban tracking. Thank you.

https://fbccln-sphotos-g-a.akamaihd.fletfhPhOtOS-ak-aSh3/tl.0-9/10... 5/9/2014