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Introduction History Case Study : Apach e Demonstration References Open Discus sion Web Server Administration Sukant Kole [email protected] Advanced Centre for Informatics & Innovative Learning Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi September 09, 2010 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCo mmer cial -Shar eAlike 3 .0 Licens e . Sukant Kole suk ant@i gnou .ac.in PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning
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Webserver Management in E-Learning

Apr 09, 2018

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IntroductionHistory

Case Study: ApacheDemonstration

ReferencesOpen Discussion

Web Server Administration

Sukant [email protected]

Advanced Centre for Informatics & Innovative LearningIndira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi

September 09, 2010

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCo mmer cial -Shar eA like 3 .0 Licens e .

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

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IntroductionHistory

Case Study: ApacheDemonstration

ReferencesOpen Discussion

What is a Web Server?

Denition“...A web server is a computer program that serves content, suchas web pages, using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol, over theWorld Wide Web...”(Source: Wikipedia)

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

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IntroductionHistory

Case Study: ApacheDemonstration

ReferencesOpen Discussion

Events ChronologyFirst Web server

A bit of history 1

1987: Larry Wall creates a programming language calledPERL widely used later for website applications

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

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IntroductionHistory

Case Study: ApacheDemonstration

ReferencesOpen Discussion

Events ChronologyFirst Web server

A bit of history 1

1987: Larry Wall creates a programming language calledPERL widely used later for website applications

1989: Tim Berners Lee & Robert Calliliau proposed WorldWide Web based on ENQUIRE

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

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IntroductionHistory

Case Study: ApacheDemonstration

ReferencesOpen Discussion

Events ChronologyFirst Web server

A bit of history 1

1987: Larry Wall creates a programming language calledPERL widely used later for website applications

1989: Tim Berners Lee & Robert Calliliau proposed WorldWide Web based on ENQUIRE1991: Paul Kunz installs rst web server in US at StanfordUniversity

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

I d i

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IntroductionHistory

Case Study: ApacheDemonstration

ReferencesOpen Discussion

Events ChronologyFirst Web server

A bit of history 1

1987: Larry Wall creates a programming language calledPERL widely used later for website applications

1989: Tim Berners Lee & Robert Calliliau proposed WorldWide Web based on ENQUIRE1991: Paul Kunz installs rst web server in US at StanfordUniversity1993: Marc Andressen developed Mosaic as rst graphicalweb browser

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

I t d ti

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IntroductionHistory

Case Study: ApacheDemonstration

ReferencesOpen Discussion

Events ChronologyFirst Web server

A bit of history 1

1987: Larry Wall creates a programming language calledPERL widely used later for website applications

1989: Tim Berners Lee & Robert Calliliau proposed WorldWide Web based on ENQUIRE1991: Paul Kunz installs rst web server in US at StanfordUniversity1993: Marc Andressen developed Mosaic as rst graphicalweb browser1995: Robert McCool & Eric Bina developed NCSA HTTPd

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

Introduction

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IntroductionHistory

Case Study: ApacheDemonstration

ReferencesOpen Discussion

Events ChronologyFirst Web server

A bit of history 1

1987: Larry Wall creates a programming language calledPERL widely used later for website applications

1989: Tim Berners Lee & Robert Calliliau proposed WorldWide Web based on ENQUIRE1991: Paul Kunz installs rst web server in US at StanfordUniversity1993: Marc Andressen developed Mosaic as rst graphicalweb browser1995: Robert McCool & Eric Bina developed NCSA HTTPd1995: Apache webserver project commenced

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

Introduction

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IntroductionHistory

Case Study: ApacheDemonstration

ReferencesOpen Discussion

Events ChronologyFirst Web server

Figure: First World Wide Web Server at CERN (Courtesy:Wikipedia)

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

Introduction Statistics

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IntroductionHistory

Case Study: ApacheDemonstration

ReferencesOpen Discussion

StatisticsInstallationFeaturesConguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

Introduction Statistics

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IntroductionHistory

Case Study: ApacheDemonstration

ReferencesOpen Discussion

StatisticsInstallationFeaturesConguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning

Why Study Apache

Figure: Netcraft Web Server Survey-May 2010

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

Introduction Statistics

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HistoryCase Study: Apache

DemonstrationReferences

Open Discussion

InstallationFeaturesConguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning

How to install Apache

In Ubuntu GNU/Linux:

sudo apt-get install apache2 [from Terminal]ORSystem-->Administration-->Synaptic Package Manager

In Windows:

Follow the steps given at the following website:http://tinyurl.com/2rac4s

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

Introduction Statistics

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HistoryCase Study: Apache

DemonstrationReferences

Open Discussion

InstallationFeaturesConguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning

Apache features

Web publishing of static and dynamic content

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

Introduction Statistics

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HistoryCase Study: Apache

DemonstrationReferences

Open Discussion

InstallationFeaturesConguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning

Apache features

Web publishing of static and dynamic contentSecure web interaction

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

Introduction Statisticsll

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HistoryCase Study: Apache

DemonstrationReferences

Open Discussion

InstallationFeaturesConguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning

Apache features

Web publishing of static and dynamic contentSecure web interactionVirtual Hosting [More about Virtual Hosting]

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

IntroductionHi t

StatisticsI t ll ti

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HistoryCase Study: Apache

DemonstrationReferences

Open Discussion

InstallationFeaturesConguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning

Apache features

Web publishing of static and dynamic contentSecure web interactionVirtual Hosting [More about Virtual Hosting]Proxy Server [Apache:As forward proxy server]

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

IntroductionHistory

StatisticsInstallation

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HistoryCase Study: Apache

DemonstrationReferences

Open Discussion

InstallationFeaturesConguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning

Apache features

Web publishing of static and dynamic contentSecure web interactionVirtual Hosting [More about Virtual Hosting]Proxy Server [Apache:As forward proxy server]

Reverse Proxy Server [Apache:As reverse proxy server]

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

IntroductionHistory

StatisticsInstallation

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HistoryCase Study: Apache

DemonstrationReferences

Open Discussion

InstallationFeaturesConguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning

Apache congurations details

Global Conguration Settings

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

IntroductionHistory

StatisticsInstallation

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HistoryCase Study: Apache

DemonstrationReferences

Open Discussion

InstallationFeaturesConguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning

Apache congurations details

Global Conguration SettingsMaximum and minimum numbers of servers to start

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

IntroductionHistory

StatisticsInstallation

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HistoryCase Study: Apache

DemonstrationReferences

Open Discussion

InstallationFeaturesConguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning

Apache congurations details

Global Conguration SettingsMaximum and minimum numbers of servers to startServer root directory

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

IntroductionHistory

StatisticsInstallation

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yCase Study: Apache

DemonstrationReferences

Open Discussion

FeaturesConguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning

Apache congurations details

Global Conguration SettingsMaximum and minimum numbers of servers to startServer root directoryPort settings for server

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

IntroductionHistory

StatisticsInstallation

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yCase Study: Apache

DemonstrationReferences

Open Discussion

FeaturesConguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning

Apache congurations details

Global Conguration SettingsMaximum and minimum numbers of servers to startServer root directoryPort settings for server

Main server conguration settings

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IntroductionHistory

StatisticsInstallation

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Case Study: ApacheDemonstration

ReferencesOpen Discussion

FeaturesConguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning

Apache congurations details

Global Conguration SettingsMaximum and minimum numbers of servers to startServer root directoryPort settings for server

Main server conguration settingsServerAdmin DirectiveDocumentRoot Directive

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

IntroductionHistory

C S d A h

StatisticsInstallationF

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Case Study: ApacheDemonstration

ReferencesOpen Discussion

FeaturesConguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning

Apache congurations details

Global Conguration SettingsMaximum and minimum numbers of servers to startServer root directory

Port settings for serverMain server conguration settings

ServerAdmin DirectiveDocumentRoot DirectivePort Conguration

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

IntroductionHistory

C St d A h

StatisticsInstallationF t

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Case Study: ApacheDemonstration

ReferencesOpen Discussion

FeaturesConguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning

Apache congurations details

Global Conguration SettingsMaximum and minimum numbers of servers to startServer root directory

Port settings for serverMain server conguration settings

ServerAdmin DirectiveDocumentRoot DirectivePort Conguration

Virtual Hosts

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

IntroductionHistory

Case Study: Apache

StatisticsInstallationFeatures

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Case Study: ApacheDemonstration

ReferencesOpen Discussion

FeaturesConguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning

Apache congurations details

Global Conguration SettingsMaximum and minimum numbers of servers to startServer root directory

Port settings for serverMain server conguration settings

ServerAdmin DirectiveDocumentRoot DirectivePort Conguration

Virtual HostsIP based [Click to know more]

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

IntroductionHistory

Case Study: Apache

StatisticsInstallationFeatures

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Case Study: ApacheDemonstration

ReferencesOpen Discussion

FeaturesConguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning

Apache congurations details

Global Conguration SettingsMaximum and minimum numbers of servers to startServer root directory

Port settings for serverMain server conguration settings

ServerAdmin DirectiveDocumentRoot DirectivePort Conguration

Virtual HostsIP based [Click to know more]Name based [Click to know more]

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

IntroductionHistory

Case Study: Apache

StatisticsInstallationFeatures

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Case Study: ApacheDemonstration

ReferencesOpen Discussion

FeaturesConguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning

Apache Security

Reference: [Apache Securing Tips]Keep up to datePermissions on ServerRoot directoriesServer Side IncludesProtecting System SettingsPrevent Directory traversalContinous monitoring of access & error logs

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

IntroductionHistory

Case Study: Apache

StatisticsInstallationFeatures

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Case Study: pac eDemonstration

ReferencesOpen Discussion

eatu esConguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning

Apache Performance Tuning

Reference: [Apache Performance Tuning Web resource]Hardware and Operating System Issues [RAM, Swap space,

CPU, Stable OS version]

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

IntroductionHistoryCase Study: Apache

StatisticsInstallationFeatures

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y pDemonstration

ReferencesOpen Discussion

Conguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning

Apache Performance Tuning

Reference: [Apache Performance Tuning Web resource]Hardware and Operating System Issues [RAM, Swap space,

CPU, Stable OS version]Hostname lookups and DNS [Postprocessing of logs indedicated syslog servers]

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

IntroductionHistoryCase Study: Apache

StatisticsInstallationFeatures

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DemonstrationReferences

Open Discussion

Conguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning

Apache Performance Tuning

Reference: [Apache Performance Tuning Web resource]Hardware and Operating System Issues [RAM, Swap space,

CPU, Stable OS version]Hostname lookups and DNS [Postprocessing of logs indedicated syslog servers]Sendle kernel support [Static content faster with lower CPUutilization]

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

IntroductionHistoryCase Study: Apache

StatisticsInstallationFeatures

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DemonstrationReferences

Open Discussion

Conguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning

Apache Performance Tuning

Reference: [Apache Performance Tuning Web resource]Hardware and Operating System Issues [RAM, Swap space,

CPU, Stable OS version]Hostname lookups and DNS [Postprocessing of logs indedicated syslog servers]Sendle kernel support [Static content faster with lower CPUutilization]Process Creation [Worker(Scalabilty), Prefork(Stability,Compatibility)]

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

IntroductionHistoryCase Study: Apache

D i

StatisticsInstallationFeaturesC i D il

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DemonstrationReferences

Open Discussion

Conguration DetailsSecurityPerformance Tuning

Figure: MPM-Worker module: Apache

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IntroductionHistoryCase Study: Apache

D t ti

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DemonstrationReferences

Open Discussion

Sample demonstrations

1 How to publish HTML pages [Reference Web Resource: Viewanswer by Tipo]

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IntroductionHistoryCase Study: Apache

Demonstration

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DemonstrationReferences

Open Discussion

Sample demonstrations

1 How to publish HTML pages [Reference Web Resource: Viewanswer by Tipo]

2 How to change the default port number [Reference WebResource]

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IntroductionHistoryCase Study: Apache

Demonstration

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DemonstrationReferences

Open Discussion

Sample demonstrations

1 How to publish HTML pages [Reference Web Resource: Viewanswer by Tipo]

2 How to change the default port number [Reference WebResource]

3 How to allow simple user authentication [Click for Screencast]

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

IntroductionHistoryCase Study: Apache

Demonstration

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DemonstrationReferences

Open Discussion

Sample demonstrations

1 How to publish HTML pages [Reference Web Resource: Viewanswer by Tipo]

2 How to change the default port number [Reference WebResource]

3 How to allow simple user authentication [Click for Screencast]4 How to enable virtual hosting [Click for Screencast]

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning

IntroductionHistoryCase Study: Apache

Demonstration

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DemonstrationReferences

Open Discussion

Sample demonstrations

1 How to publish HTML pages [Reference Web Resource: Viewanswer by Tipo]

2 How to change the default port number [Reference WebResource]

3 How to allow simple user authentication [Click for Screencast]4 How to enable virtual hosting [Click for Screencast]5 How to enable SSL support encrypting web-transaction

[Reference Web resource: SSL support for Apache]

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IntroductionHistoryCase Study: Apache

Demonstration

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ReferencesOpen Discussion

References

Elective Course by Hamish Whittal & Mathew West, TheShuttleworth FoundationApache HTTP Server Documentation

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IntroductionHistoryCase Study: Apache

Demonstration

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ReferencesOpen Discussion

Open Discussion

Sukant Kole [email protected] PGDEL-MDEI004: Technologies for E-Learning