mrspopesite.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Web viewDuring cell division/reproduction, DNA is further condensed. Chromosomes are a more condensed form of DNA than chromatin.

Grade 9 Biology Unit Review ANSWERS

1. How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different? Give one example of each type of cell.

A: prokaryotic cells have no nucleus, they have simple structures (no organelles), and they are smaller than eukaryotic cells. Example of prokaryotic cell: bacteria, archaea. Examples of eukaryotic cell: plant, animal cells

2. Where in the cell is the information (or “recipe”) about how to make proteins?

A: in the nucleus (DNA/genetic material)

3. Label the diagram below with the following terms: chromatin, DNA helix, DNA sequence, nucleotides, and chromosome.

a) Chromosomeb) Chromatinc) Double helixd) DNA sequencee) Nucleotide

4. Describe each of the following parts.

Organization level Descriptiona) Chromatin Form of DNA that is coiled and condensed

b) Chromosome During cell division/reproduction, DNA is further condensed.

Chromosomes are a more condensed form of DNA than chromatin.c) DNA helix DNA molecule is made up of two strands shaped like a twisted ladder

d) DNA sequence Specific order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

e) Nucleotide Building blocks of DNA consisting of A,T,C, and G

5. Identify whether the reproductive strategy in each scenario is related to sexual or asexual reproduction. Give reasons for you answer.a) A male great blue heron carries out elegant courtship displays to attract a female heron to

his nest.A: sexual reproduction- two parents are required

b) The houseplant “mother of thousands” (spider plant) produces new miniature plantlets from its leaves.A: Asexual reproduction – there is only one parent involved

c) A female komodo dragon lays a clutch of eggs that requires fertilization from a male dragon.A: sexual reproduction- two parents are required

d) A purple sea star is chopped into two pieces, but is able to regenerate into two sea stars.A: Asexual reproduction – there is only one parent involved

6. Sustainability of organisms is dependent on the ability of the organisms to a) Obtain nutrientsb) Grow and developc) Migrate to different habitatd) Pass in their genetic information to future generations.

7. A horse has 64 chromosomes. During sexual reproduction, how many chromosomes does each parent contribute to the offspring?

A: 32

8. What determines the colour of a grizzly bear’s fur?a) The DNA sequence b) The type of nucleotidesc) The size of the chromatind) The number of chromosomes

9. How do bacteria reproduce?

A: binary fission

10. Label the following diagrams with the type of asexual reproduction represented. (Binary fission, budding, spore formation).

a) Binary fission

b) Budding

c) Budding

d) Spores formation

11. Identify the phases of the cell cycle and number each phase to indicate the correct order: anaphase, cytokinesis, interphase, metaphase, prophase, and telophase.5 1 3 6 2 4

a) Telophase b) interphase c) metaphase d) cytokinesis e) prophase f) anaphase

12. Which stage of the cell cycle is each of the following statements describing?a) DNA is copied (replicated) A: Interphaseb) Spindle fibers form A:Prophasec) The cell grows and develops. A: interphased) The DNA condenses into chromosomes. A: prophasee) Duplicated chromosomes have reached opposite ends of the cell and the nuclear membrane

starts to form. A: Telophasef) Duplicated chromosomes are pulled apart to the opposite ends of the cell. A: anaphaseg) The cytoplasm divides and two new cells are fully formed. A: cytokinesis.h) Stage where the cell carries out its functions. A: interphasei) Chromosomes line up across the middle of the cell. A: metaphase

13. What are three things budding, binary fission, and spore formation have in common?a) They require two parent cells.b) They require only one parent cell. c) They produce only one daughter cell.d) They are all forms of sexual reproduction.

A: They require only one parent, the produce two daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell, they are forms of sexual reproduction

14. Identify the type of asexual reproduction the following organisms can demonstrate. (Spores, vegetative reproduction, budding, binary fission, fragmentation).

a) Hydra A: buddingb) Yeast A: buddingc) Bacteria A: binary fissiond) Ferns A: sporese) Starfish A: fragmentationf) Strawberry runners A: vegetative reproductiong) Grafted apple tree A: vegetative reproduction

15.

a) Spermb) Eggc) Fertilizationd) Female chromosomee) Male chromosomef) Zygote

i) haploidii)haploidiii) diploid

x)meiosisy)meiosisz)mitosis

16.

1-C2-A3-E4-D5-B

17. Label the diagram with the following terms: sister chromatids, chromosome, homologous pairs, and centromere.

Homologous pairs

Chromosome Centromeres

Sister chromatids

18. Where in the body does meiosis occur?

A: testes and ovaries

19. How many chromosomes are in a human diploid cell? A: 46

20. When an offspring is produced by sexual reproduction what portion of the genetic material comes from each parent? A: 50% or half

21. Identify if the following cells are haploid or diploid cells:a) Gamete A: haploidb) Zygote A: diploidc) Skin cell A: diploidd) Sperm cell A: haploide) Egg cell A: haploid

22. What is formed when a sperm fertilizes and egg?a) A zygote b) A gametec) A haploid celld) A homologous chromosome

23. If a Vancouver Island marmot has 40 chromosomes in its body cells, how many chromosomes would you expect a male marmot to have in its sperm cells?

a) 10 chromosomesb) 20 chromosomes c) 40 chromosomesd) 80 chromosomes

24. Is pollination a form of sexual or asexual reproduction?

A: sexual

25. What do all forms of sexual reproduction have in common?

Two parents, offspring are genetically different from one another and from the parents, half the genetic material comes from each parent, leads to genetic variation, a zygote is created when a female gamete and a male gamete combine (fertilization).

26.

27. What is the purpose of meiosis?

A: The purpose of meiosis is to produce haploid gametes.

28. Identify whether the statement is an advantage of asexual or sexual reproduction.a) Requires only one parent A: asexualb) Produces offspring that are unique A: sexual c) Provides greater genetic variation A: sexual d) Requires less energy to reproduce A: asexuale) Takes offspring less time to mature. A: asexual

29. Identify whether the statement is a disadvantage of asexual or sexual reproduction.a) Results in no genetic diversity A: asexualb) Produces fewer offspring A: sexualc) Take offspring a longer time to mature A: sexuald) Takes longer for the population to grow A: sexuale) Provides no genetic variation among the offspring. A: Asexualf) Means finding a mate may expose individuals to predators and disease. A: sexual

30. Many plants can reproduce asexually (vegetative reproduction) or sexually (pollination/seeds). In agriculture, both types of reproduction can be used for growing plants for food. If you were to grow a garden, which form of reproduction would you choose for your plants and why? What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of each type of reproduction?

A: Answers will vary.

Asexual reproduction:

- Allows you to know what results to expect from the variety you choose because they will be genetically identical to parents (example, can choose to graft a variety of apple that you like, and the tree will produce the same type of apple).

- If environmental conditions remain favourable, plants will most likely do well. If, however, there is a disease or environmental conditions are no longer favourable, all the plants of the same type could suffer or die.

- Allows you to reproduce plants rapidly and without having to purchase new plantlets

Advantages of using plants that have been reproduced sexually include:

- Increased genetic diversity. - If there is a disease affects lettuce for example, it will be beneficial to have lots of genetic

diversity (different varieties). Some varieties may be more resistant to the disease or change in environmental conditions, and so some plants could survive and reproduce. Even if some varieties do not survive the changes, you are more likely to have some that do.

- Can select plant with desired results and cross them to create new varieties