Unit 3: Biology Date:________________ 1.2 THE CELL CYCLE AND MITOSIS WHY DO CELLS DIVIDE? When organisms _______ cells _______ (more cells) Why? o So each cell stays ________, and ______________ o To __________ old or ___________ cells o For ____________ o For multicellular organisms to __________ (all cells require nutrients and must get rid of waste) CHROMOSOMES Structures found in the ____________ Made up of ________ (looks like a twisted ladder) DNA contains the _______ that provide the instructions for the cell Before division, a ______ of the DNA is made so each new cell has its own ______ Humans have ____ chromosomes CHROMOSOME TERMINOLOGY CELL CYCLE
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Unit 3: Biology Date:________________
1.2 THE CELL CYCLE AND MITOSIS
WHY DO CELLS DIVIDE? When organisms _______ cells _______ (more cells) Why?
o So each cell stays ________, and ______________o To __________ old or ___________ cellso For ____________o For multicellular organisms to __________ (all cells require nutrients and must get
rid of waste)
CHROMOSOMES Structures found in the ____________ Made up of ________ (looks like a twisted ladder) DNA contains the _______ that provide the instructions for the cell Before division, a ______ of the DNA is made so each new cell has its own ______ Humans have ____ chromosomes
CHROMOSOME TERMINOLOGY CELL CYCLE
Unit 3: Biology Date:________________
MITOSISInterphase
Period _________ cell divisions _________ phase DNA ____________ preparation for _____________ ~ _______hr
Prophase ________ coil changing the long strands to ______and _______ chromosomes
Form a pair of _________, copied strands (chromatid) joined at the centromere
Nuclear __________ and ____________ disappear
_________separate and travel to opposite _________
(plant cells do not contain centrioles)
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up at ___________ (middle of cell) _______ _________ attach to ____________
Anaphase Sister ___________ are pulled to opposite poles ____________ divide in half
Telophase ________ ___________ are at opposite poles DNA becomes ________ again (chromatin) Nuclear membrane ____________
Cytokinesis Division of ______________ Animals: Cell membrane _________ in and forms two cells Plants: _______ _______ forms between the two daughter cells and will eventually
become a _____ _______
P M A T
UNCONTROLLED DIVISION: CANCER
Unit 3: Biology Date:________________
_________ _________ from the nucleus tell the cell when to _______, not to divide, or __________ itself.
Tumour: mass of cells that divide ______________. Mutation: permanent ________ in cell’s DNA which affect cells response to