Full title: The effects of same-session combined exercise training on cardiorespiratory and functional fitness in older adults: A systematic review and meta- analysis Running head: Combined training in older adults Authors: Christopher Hurst 1,2,3 , Kathryn L Weston 4 , Shaun J. McLaren 5,6 & Matthew Weston 4 . Affiliations: 1 AGE Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK 2 NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK 3 Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK 4 School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK 5 Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK. 6 The Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK ORCID: Christopher Hurst: 0000-0002-7239-6599 Kathryn L Weston: 0000-0001-5918-6389 Shaun J. McLaren: 0000-0003-0480-3209 Matthew Weston: 0000-0002-9531-3004 Corresponding Author: Dr Christopher Hurst AGE Research Group Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle University Campus for Ageing and Vitality 1 st Floor Biomedical Research Building 1
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Full title: The effects of same-session combined exercise training on cardiorespiratory and functional fitness in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Running head: Combined training in older adults
Authors: Christopher Hurst1,2,3, Kathryn L Weston4, Shaun J. McLaren5,6 & Matthew Weston4.
Affiliations: 1AGE Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
2NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
3Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
4School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
5Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.
Figure 3. Individual study data and meta-analysed effect of combined training versus no exercise
control on peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak)
Figure 4. Individual study data and meta-analysed effect of combined training versus endurance
training on peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak)
Figure 5. Individual study data and meta-analysed effect of combined training versus no exercise
control on 6MWT performance
Figure 6. Individual study data and meta-analysed effect of combined training versus strength
training on 6MWT performance
Figure 7. Individual study data and meta-analysed effect of combined training versus no exercise
control on TUG performance
Figure 8. Individual study data and meta-analysed effect of combined training versus strength
training on TUG performance
Figure 9. Individual study data and meta-analysed effect of combined training versus no exercise
control on 30-s chair stand performance
20
Figure 10. Individual study data and meta-analysed effect of combined training versus strength
training on 30-s chair stand performance
21
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Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of included studiesStudy design Participants
Outcome measuresStudy
Randomised or non-randomised
Experimental groups Age (years)
n allocated (Male/Female
)
n analysed (Male/
Female)Cadore et al.
(2010) [38]
Randomised COM 66.8 ± 4.8 10 (10/0) 8 (8/0) VO2peak
STR 64.0 ± 3.5 10 (10/0) 8 (8/0)
END 64.4 ± 3.5 9 (9/0) 7 (7/0)
Campos et al.
(2013) [37]
Randomised COM 62.0 ± 2.5 6 (0/6) 5 (0/5) 6MWT
COM 66.0 ± 3.5 6 (0/6) 5 (0/5)
END 63.6 ± 2.5 6 (0/6) 5 (0/5)
STR 70.0 ± 6.3 6 (0/6) 4 (0/4)
CON 74.0 ± 4.4 6 (0/6) 3 (0/3)
Carvalho et al.
(2009) [45]
Randomised COM 68.4 ± 2.9 32 (0/32) 32 (0/32) 6MWT,
TUG, 30-s
chair standCON 69.6 ± 4.2 25 (0/25) 25 (0/25)
Cress et al.
(1991) [56]
Non-randomised
COM 71.1 ± 5.1 20 (0/20) 17 (0/17) VO2peak
CON 73.3 ± 6.7 11 (0/11) 10 (0/10)
Cress et al.
(1999) [59]
Randomised COM 75.6 ± 3.6 23 (?) 23 (?) VO2peak
CON 76.0 ± 5.1 26 (?) 26 (?)
Delecluse et al.
(2004) [40]
Randomised COM 63.8 ± 4.8 22 (22/0) 20 (20/0) VO2peak
COM 63.7 ± 6.0 22 (22/0) 21 (21/0)
END 64.5 ± 5.3 21 (22/0) 21 (21/0)
CON 61.5 ± 5.0 13 (13/0) 13 (13/0)
Desjardins-
Crépeau et al.
Randomised COM 70.9 ± 7.4 ? 16 (8/8) 6MWT, 30-s
chair standCON 72.5 ± 7.0 ? 18 (15/3)
30
(2016) [68]
Douda et al.
(2015) [36]
Non-randomised
COM 65.6 ± 4.9 15 (0/15) 10 (0/10) 30-s chair
stand
END 63.8 ± 5.6 15 (0/15) 12 (0/12)
STR 62.1 ± 4.1 15 (0/15) 10 (0/10)
CON 66.2 ± 5.1 18 (0/18) 10 (0/10)
Engels et al.
(1998) [47]
Randomised COM 68.6 ± 5.6a 12 (?) 10 (2/8) VO2peak