lhsblogs.typepad.com · Web viewexamples of diasporic communities—Muslim merchants in the Indian Ocean region, Chinese merchants in Southeast Asia, Sogdian merchants in Central

Theme 1: Interaction Between Humans and the Environment (ENV) The interaction between humans and the environment is a fundamental theme in world history, as the environment shaped human societies, but, increasingly, human societies also affected the environment.

ENV-1 Explain how different types of societies have adapted to and affected their environments.Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”

1.1.I Human migration Fire1.2.I Neolithic Revolution;

farming and irrigation1.2.II Agriculture and

pastoralismPlow, Metallurgy

1.3.I Civilizations formed in a variety of environmental settings

Mesopotamia: Tigris and Euphrates Valleys, Egypt: Nile Valley, Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa: Indus River, Shang: Yellow River, Olmec: Mesoamerica, Chavin: Andean South America

1.3.II States emerged within civilizations

1.3.III Iron use; weapons and modes of transportation; first states

Composite bows, Iron weapons, Chariots, Horseback riding

2.1.II Architecture2.1.IV Daoism2.2.II Shamanism2.2.IV Walls and roads2.3.I Mobilization of resources2.3.II Emerging trade routes

shaped by climate and geography

2.3.III Long-distance trade and communication

ENV-2 Explain how environmental factors, disease, and technology affected patterns of human migration and settlement over time.Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”

1.1.I Big geography1.2.I Neolithic Revolution1.2.II Agriculture and

pastoralism1.3.I Environmental settings1.3.II First states;

transportation and warfare

2.2.I Expansion of empires2.2.II Walls and roads2.2.IV Mobilization of resources;

expansion of empire2.3.I Climate and geography

shape emerging trade routes

2.3.II Long-distance trade and communication

2.3.III Farming and irrigation3.1.I Interregional trade Existing trade networks—Silk

Roads, Med. Sea, Trans-Saharan, Indian Oceandevelopment of American trading networks: Mississippi river valley, Mesoamerica, Andes

3.1.II Migration Vikings using longships for transoceanic and river travel, Arabs & Berbers using camels to travel across the Sahara, Central Asian pastoralists using horses in the steppe

3.l.IV Disease; bubonic plague Black Death3.3.II Fates of cities Decline of cities resulting from

collapse of classical empires; NEW trading cities-Novgorod, Timbuktu, Swahili coast, Hangzhou, Baghdad, Melaka,

ENV-2 Explain how environmental factors, disease, and technology affected patterns of human migration and settlement over time.Venice, Tenochtitlan, Cahokia; decline of cities resulting from spread of disease. Track this over time.

4.1.II, III

Maritime technology Caravel, carrack, fluyt

4.l.VI Mixing of cultures Sufism and spread of Islam in Afro-Eurasia, role of Protestant and Catholic Reformations in spread Christianity outside of Europe, Vodun and Candomble, Sikhism, spread of Buddhism in NE and SE Asia

4.2.I Little Ice Age What? When? Impact?4.3.II Imperial expansion Gunpowder empires--Trading post

empires and limitations on their impact, land-based empires, maritime empires in the Americas

5.1.IV Railroads5.4.I Urbanization5.4.I-III

Migration Migrants returning to home societies: Japanese agricultural workers, Lebanese merchants, Italian industrial workers

6.1.II Deforestation and desertification

6.1.I Communication and transportation

Geographic distance

6.3.II Consequences of globalization

ENV-3 Evaluate the extent to which migration, population, and urbanization affected the environment over time.Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”

1.2.I,I Agricultural diversity and

ENV-3 Evaluate the extent to which migration, population, and urbanization affected the environment over time.I abundance2.2.II Imperial governments2.2.IV Environmental damage2.3.I Establishment of

interregional land and water routes

2.3.III Exchange of disease pathogens; urban and imperial decline

3.1.I, II

Expansion of long-distance trade routes

Existing trade networks—Silk Roads, Med. Sea, Trans-Saharan, Indian Oceandevelopment of American trading networks: Mississippi river valley, Mesoamerica, Andes

3.1.II Effects of migration Environmental impact of Bantu migrations and Polynesian migrations

3.l.IV Bubonic plague; crop diffusion; effects of migration

Spread of bubonic plague; diffusion of crops—bananas in Africa, new rice varieties in East Asia, and diffusion of cotton, sugar, and citrus throughout Dar-al-Islam

3.3.I Increasing agricultural productivity

chinampas, waru waru technology in Andean South America, improved terracing techniques, the horse collar, the three-field system, swamp draining

3.3.II Urban decline Cities in P3 decline, then revival, then decline over time. This is related to “fates of cities” above. Must understand the development OVER time and why those developments

4.1.II, Intensification and

ENV-3 Evaluate the extent to which migration, population, and urbanization affected the environment over time.III expansion of maritime

trade routes4.l.V Colonization; Columbian

ExchangeSpread of diseases—smallpox, measles, influenza; diffusion of American foods—potatoes, maize, manioc; diffusion cash crops—sugar, tobacco; diffusion of domesticated animals—horses, pigs, cattle, foods brought by African slaves—okra, rice. Need to discuss impact on population as well as impact on the environment via deforestation and soil depletion

4.1.VI Spread of cultures Sufism and spread of Islam in Afro-Eurasia, role of Protestant and Catholic Reformations in spread Christianity outside of Europe, Vodun and Candomble, Sikhism, spread of Buddhism in NE and SE Asia

4.2.I Increased agricultural production and forced labor regimes

Impact of the Little Ice Age and population contraction on forced labor regimes?

5.1.VI Unsanitary cities5.4.I-III

Global migration

5.4.I Urbanization; changes in food production

6.1.I Green Revolution · Genetically modified organism (GMO)

6.1.II Global pollution Greenhouse gases6.l.III Diseases associated with

poverty and increased lifespan; new epidemics

Malaria, Tuberculosis, Cholera, 1918 influenza pandemic, Ebola, HIV/AIDS

6.3.II Global governance Greenpeace, Green Belt Movement (Kenya), Earth Day

ENV-4 Explain how environmental factors have shaped the development of diverse technologies, industrialization, transportation methods, and exchange and communication networks.

Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”3.3.I Technological innovations chinampas, waru waru technology

in Andean South America, improved terracing techniques, the horse collar, the three-field system, swamp draining

5.1.I Rise of industrialization Coal, Iron, Timber, Fossil Fuel5.1.II Natural resource

extraction and shifts in commodities production

Natural resources: Cotton, Rubber, Palm oil, Sugar, Wheat, Meat, Guano, Copper mines in Mexico, Gold and diamond mines in South Africa

5.1.VI Effects of Industrial Revolution

5.2.I Transoceanic empires6.1.I Green Revolution6.1.II Location of labor and

natural resources; 20th-century environment


ENV-5 Evaluate the extent to which the development of diverse technologies, industrialization, transportation methods, and exchange and communication networks have affected the environment over time.

Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”2.2.II Imperial governments2.2.IV Environmental damage2.3.III Urban and imperial

decline3.1.I Intensification of trade

ENV-5 Evaluate the extent to which the development of diverse technologies, industrialization, transportation methods, and exchange and communication networks have affected the environment over time.3.1.IV Crop diffusion How diffusion of banana, new rice

varieties in East Asia the Islamic Agricultural Revolution affected

3.1.II, IV

Effects of migration Vikings using longships for transoceanic and river travel, Arabs & Berbers using camels to travel across the Sahara, Central Asian pastoralists using horses in the steppe

3.1.IV Bubonic plague Demographic impact?3.3.I Increasing agricultural

productivityImpact of growing populations on the environment or just growing population?

3.3.II Declines of urban areas Invasions, disease decline of agricultural activity

4.1.V Columbian Exchange Demographic impact in Afro-Eurasia resulting from introduction of American food cropsDeforestation and soil depletion

4.2.I Increased agricultural production and forced labor regimes

Peasant and artisan labor intensified in many regions, slavery continued in Africa (both traditional incorporation of mainly female slaves into households and export of slaves to the Mediterranean, plantation economy and demand for slaves in the Americas

4.1.V Colonization Deforestation and soil depletion5.1.I, II

Industrialization; increased production

5.1.VI Unsanitary cities5.2.I Imperialism5.4.II Demographic change and

migration; urbanization

ENV-5 Evaluate the extent to which the development of diverse technologies, industrialization, transportation methods, and exchange and communication networks have affected the environment over time.6.1.II Pollution Deforestation, Desertification,

Greenhouse gases, Climate change

5.4.I Changes in food production

6.1.I Green Revolution6.1.III Diseases associated with

poverty and increased lifespan; new epidemics, medical innovations

Malaria, Tuberculosis, Cholera, 1918 influenza pandemic, Ebola, HIV/AIDS, Diabetes, Heart disease, (6.1.I)— Alzheimer’s disease, Polio vaccine, Antibiotics, Artificial Heart


Theme 2: Development and Interaction of Cultures (CUL) This theme explores the origins, uses, dissemination, and adaptation of ideas, beliefs, and knowledge within and between societies and how the processes of adopting or adapting new belief and knowledge systems are complex and often lead to syncretic cultural forms and practices.

CUL-1 Explain how religions, belief systems, philosophies, and ideologies originated, developed, and spread as a result of expanding communication and exchange networks.

Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”1.3.III New religious beliefs2.1.I Early codification of

religious beliefs; the development of monotheistic Judaism

2.1.II,III

Assertion of universal truths; religious practice and gender roles; Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism, Christianity

CUL-1 Explain how religions, belief systems, philosophies, and ideologies originated, developed, and spread as a result of expanding communication and exchange networks. 2.3.III Cultures changed when

spread; Hinduism, Christianity, Buddhism

3.1.III Islam origin and development—reflected interactions among Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians, spread as a result of military conquest and later due to activities of merchants and missionaries (Sufis)

3.2.I Collapse of empires Spread of Islam and its effect on the Sassanid Persian and Byzantine empires

4.1.VI Reformation the role of the Protestant and Catholic Reformations in spreading Christianity outside of Europe, Calvinists/Puritans, Jesuits

5.1.III New financial philosophies

Adam Smith, Capitalism, John Stuart Mill, Classical liberalism

5.1.V Responses to globalization

Marxism, Utopian socialism, Anarchism

5.2.II, III

Imperialism; Social Darwinism

Meiji Japan

5.3.I, II, IV

Enlightenment, reform movements, spread of enlightenment ideas

Voltaire, Montesquieu, Locke, Rousseau, Social contract, Feminism

6.3.I-III

State responses to economic challenges; increasing personal independence; rights-discourse

State planning, Free-market, Socialism, Communism, Great Depression

6.2.II Anti-imperialism Indian National Congress, Ho Chi Minh in French Indochina (Vietnam), Kwame Nkrumah, Pan-Arabism, Pan-Africanism

CUL-1 Explain how religions, belief systems, philosophies, and ideologies originated, developed, and spread as a result of expanding communication and exchange networks. 6.2.IV, V

Global conflict; movements against conflict

Fascism, Nationalism, Communism, NATO, Warsaw Pact, Proxy wars, Military industrial complex, Military dictatorship (Chile, Spain, Uganda) Picasso in his Guernica, Antinuclear movement, Thich Quang Duc by self-immolation, Nonviolence (Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., Mandela)

CUL-2 Explain how religions, belief systems, philosophies, and ideologies affected political, economic, and social developments over time.Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”

1.3.III Early civilizations2.1.I Early codification of

religious beliefs; caste-,2.1.II Vedic-, Confucian-,

Daoist-, Christian-, Greco– Roman-influenced institutions

2.1.III Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism

3.1.III Spread of trade, religions, and diasporic communities

examples of diasporic communities—Muslim merchants in the Indian Ocean region, Chinese merchants in Southeast Asia, Sogdian merchants in Central Asia, Jewish merchants in the Mediterranean, Indian Ocean basin, and along the Silk Roads

3.3.III Changes in gender and family structures; Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Neoconfucianism

divorce for both men and women in some Muslim states, the practice of foot binding in Song China, female monastic orders in Christianity and Buddhism

4.1.VI Syncretic belief systems and practices; spread of these practices

Sufism and spread of Islam in Afro-Eurasia, Vodun and Candomble, Sikhism, decline of Buddhism in South Asia but spread of new Buddhist schools and practices in NE and SE Asia; intensification of the Sunni-Shia split due to Ottoman/Safavid rivalry

4.3.I Development of and responses to globalization

5.1.V Imperialism and state formation

5.2.II Political rulers Meiji Japan, Transoceanic imperialism

5.2.III Social Darwinism5.3.I Enlightenment Voltaire, Montesquieu, Locke,

Rousseau, Natural rights, Social contract, American Declaration of Independence, French Declaration

CUL-3 Explain how cross-cultural interactions resulted in the diffusion of culture, technologies, and scientific knowledge.Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”

1.1.I Human migration and spread of technology

1.3.III Expanding trade routes, from local to regional

2.3.II New technology facilitated long-distance trade

2.3.III Technologies and other ideas spread along trade routes

3.1.I Growth of existing and new trade routes

Existing trade networks—Silk Roads, Med. Sea, Trans-Saharan, Indian Oceandevelopment of American trading networks: Mississippi river valley, Mesoamerica, Andes

3.1.II Spread of language and technology by Bantu and Polynesian migrations

Spread of Bantu languages in Africa, spread of Turkic and Arabic languagesSpread of iron metallurgy and farming by Bantus, transport of foods and domesticated animals by Polynesians

3.1.III Intensification of trade networks

The literary, artistic, and cultural traditions of Christianity in Europe, influence of Neoconfucianism and Buddhism in in East Asia, spread of Hinduism to Southeast Asia, the influence of Toltec/Mexica and Inca traditions in Mesoamerica and Andean South America

3.2.II Technological transfer Examples of scientific and tech innovations: The influence of Greek and Indian mathematics on Muslim scholars, the return of Greek science and philosophy/transfer of Greco-Islamic medical knowledge and the transfer of foods, textiles, and music to western Europe via Muslim al-Andalus in; the spread of printing and gunpowder

CUL-4 Explain how technological and scientific innovations affected religions, belief systems, philosophies, and ideologies over time.Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”

3.1.III Cross-cultural exchange; transportation technologiesfacilitated cultural diffusion

How all the examples of exchange from CUL 3 impacted religions, belief systems, philosophies, and ideologies

5.3.I Enlightenment Observation, Inference, Reason5.3.II Nationalism5.3.IV Transnational ideologies6.1.I Medical innovations6.1.III Scientific innovations

CUL-5 Explain how the arts are shaped by and reflect innovation, adaptation, and creativity of specific societies over time.Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”

1.3.III Monumental architecture; role of art in unifying early urban cultures

2.1.II Art and architecture reflected religious beliefs; art and religious systems

2.2.III Imperial cities and public performance

3.1.III Diffusion of artistic traditions; diasporic communities

The literary, artistic, and cultural traditions of Christianity in Europe, influence of Neoconfucianism and Buddhism in in East Asia, spread of Hinduism to Southeast Asia, the influence of Toltec/Mexica and Inca traditions in Mesoamerica and Andean South AmericaDiasporic communities aided in spread-- Muslim merchants in the Indian Ocean region, Chinese

CUL-5 Explain how the arts are shaped by and reflect innovation, adaptation, and creativity of specific societies over time.merchants in Southeast Asia, Sogdian merchants in Central Asia, Jewish merchants in the Mediterranean, Indian Ocean basin, and along the Silk Roads

4.1.VII

Spread of literacy; funding and expansion of arts

Resulting from the increased profits of merchants and increased tax collection by governments—more funding for visual and performing arts, expansion of literacy, and increased focus on innovation and scientific inquiry

4.3.I Courtly literature, rulers Ottoman miniature painting, Qing imperial portraits, Mughal mausolea and mosques such as the Taj Mahal, European palaces such as Versailles

6.1.I Medical innovations6.2.IV Government propaganda

and public architectureFascism, Nationalism, Communism, Total war, Cold War

6.2.V Cultural critiques of war Picasso in his Guernica6.3.III People developed new

cultural identitiesNegritude movement, Liberation theology

6.3.IV Globalization of popular culture

Reggae, Bollywood

CUL-6 Explain how expanding exchange networks shaped the emergence of various forms of transregional culture, including music, literature, and visual art.

Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”1.3.III Monumental

architecture; role of art in unifying earlyurban cultures

2.1.II Art and architecture

CUL-6 Explain how expanding exchange networks shaped the emergence of various forms of transregional culture, including music, literature, and visual art.

reflected religious beliefs; art and religious systems

3.1.III Diffusion of artistic traditions; diasporic communities

Travelers who wrote about their travels—Ibn Battuta, Marco Polo, XuanzangThe literary, artistic, and cultural traditions of Christianity in Europe, influence of Neoconfucianism and Buddhism in in East Asia, spread of Hinduism to Southeast Asia, the influence of Toltec/Mexica and Inca traditions in Mesoamerica and Andean South AmericaDiasporic communities aided in spread-- Muslim merchants in the Indian Ocean region, Chinese merchants in Southeast Asia, Sogdian merchants in Central Asia, Jewish merchants in the Mediterranean, Indian Ocean basin, and along the Silk Roads

4.1.VII

Spread of literacy; funding and expansion of arts

Resulting from the increased profits of merchants and increased tax collection by governments—more funding for visual and performing arts, expansion of literacy, and increased focus on innovation and scientific inquiry

5.4.III Migrants spread culture Chinese (Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, South America,North America), Indians (East and Southern Africa, the Caribbean, and Southeast Asia)

6.2.V Cultural critiques of war

CUL-6 Explain how expanding exchange networks shaped the emergence of various forms of transregional culture, including music, literature, and visual art.6.2.V People developed new

cultural identities6.3.IV Globalization of popular

cultureReggae, Bollywood, World Cup Soccer, Olympics

Theme 3: State Building, Expansion, and Conflict (SB) This theme explores how hierarchical systems of rule have been constructed and maintained over time and the impact of these processes.

SB-1 Explain how different forms of governance have been constructed and maintained over time.Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”

1.2II Development of elites1.3.II First states emerged1.3.III Legal codes developed2.2.II Imperial governments2.2.III Labor organization and

food production3.1.I State involvement in

economic activityState practices facilitating commercial growth: minting of coins, use of paper money, building of the Inca road system, the Hanseatic League, the Grand Canal

3.2.1 Synthesized, borrowed, and new state structures emerged

Reconstitution of imperial states combining traditional sources of power and legitimacy (patriarchy, religion, land-owning elites) with innovations better suited to local context (new methods of taxation, tributary systems, adaptation of religious institutions)New States: Islamic states

SB-1 Explain how different forms of governance have been constructed and maintained over time.(Abbasids, Muslim Iberia, Delhi Sultanate), Mongol khanates, new Hindu and Buddhist states in South, East, and Southeast Asia, emergence of city-state: on the Italian peninsula, in East Africa, in Southeast AsiaStates synthesized with local traditions: Persian traditions influencing Islamic states, Chinese traditions influencing JapanIn the Americas: Maya city-states flourished and by end of period imperial systems emerged—Mexica (Aztecs) and Inca

4.1.VII

Taxation Resulting from the increased profits of merchants and increased tax collection by governments—more funding for visual and performing arts, expansion of literacy, and increased focus on innovation and scientific inquiry

4.3.I Rulers legitimized power Using religion—European notion of divine right, Safavid use of Shiism, Mexica (Aztec) practice of human sacrifice, Songhay promotion of Islam, Chinese emperors public performance of Confucian ritualsUsing art and monumental architecture: Ottoman miniature painting, Qing imperial portraits, Mughal mausolea such as the Taj Mahal, European palaces such as VersaillesPractices adopted to accommodate ethnic and religious

SB-1 Explain how different forms of governance have been constructed and maintained over time.diversity—Ottoman treatment of non-Muslim subjects, Mancu policies toward Chinese, Spanish creation of Republica de Indios, Spanish and Portuguese creation of new racial classifications in the AmericasRecruitment and use of bureaucratic elites and military professionals—Ottoman devshirme, Chinese examination system, salaried samarai

4.3.II Trading-post empires Trading post empires in Africa and Asia

5.1.V Qing and Ottoman empires

Tanzimat movement, Self-Strengthening Movement

5.2.I Transoceanic empires British (India and West Africa), Dutch (Indonesia) Belgium (Congo), Settler Colonies: British (southern Africa, Australia, New Zealand), French (Algeria), Economic Imperialism: British and French in China, British and the United States in Latin AmericaAdditional empires: German, Russian, Spanish and Portuguese decline

5.2.II Meiji Japan Tokugawa Japan5.3.III Revolutions American Revolution, Haitian

Revolution, French Revolution, and Latin American independenceMovements

6.2.II Colonial independence Indian National Congress, Ho Chi Minh, Kwame Nkrumah, Muhammad Ali Jinnah

6.2.IV Total wars Total war, Fascism6.2.V Communism, Marxism

SB-1 Explain how different forms of governance have been constructed and maintained over time.6.3.I State-controlled

economiesFive Year Plans, Great Leap Forward, New Deal, Fascist corporatist economy, Nasser’s promotion of economic development, Encouragement of export-oriented economies

SB-2 Explain how and why different functions and institutions of governance have changed over time.Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”

1.3.II, III

Characteristics of first states

2.1.II Role of religion in the state

2.2.I-IV

First major empires

3.1.I New trading cities, state-sponsored commerce, expansion

New trading cities—Novgorod, Timbuktu, Swahili coast city-states, Hangzhou, Baghdad, Melaka (Malacca), Venice, Tenochtitlan, Cahokia

3.2.I Reconstitution and new forms of governance

Reconstitution of imperial states combining traditional sources of power and legitimacy (patriarchy, religion, land-owning elites) with innovations better suited to local context (new methods of taxation, tributary systems, adaptation of religious institutions)New States: Islamic states (Abbasids, Muslim Iberia, Delhi Sultanate), Mongol khanates, new Hindu and Buddhist states in South, East, and Southeast Asia, emergence of city-state: on the Italian peninsula, in East Africa, in

SB-2 Explain how and why different functions and institutions of governance have changed over time.Southeast Asia

3.3.II Fate of cities Decline and then revival3.3.III Women rulers4.3.I-III

Gunpowder empires, state rivalries

Trading post empires, land-based empires, maritime empires in the AmericasCompetition over trade routes: Omani-European rivalry in the Indian Ocean, Piracy in the CaribbeanState rivalries: Thirty Years War, Ottoman Safavid conflictLocal resistance: food riots, samurai revolts, peasant uprisings

5.1.I Impact of industrialization

5.l.V Alternate visions of society/government

Marxism, Utopian socialism, Tanzimat movement, Self-Strengthening Movement, Meiji Japan, Muhammad Ali’s in Egypt, State pensions and public health in Germany, Expansion of suffrage in Britain, Public education

5.2.I Transoceanic empires British (India and West Africa), Dutch (Indonesia) Belgium (Congo), Settler Colonies: British (southern Africa, Australia, New Zealand), French (Algeria), Economic Imperialism: British and French in China, British and the United States in Latin AmericaAdditional empires: German, Russian, Spanish and Portuguese decline

5.2.II Imperialism and state formation

Meiji Japan

5.3.III Reformist and Marathas (Mughal Empire),

SB-2 Explain how and why different functions and institutions of governance have changed over time.revolutionary movements Taipings (Qing Dynasty), American

Revolution, Haitian Revolution, Latin American independencemovements, French revolution, Indian Revolt of 1857, Boxer Rebellion in Qing China

5.4.I Causes and effects of migration

Chinese Exclusion Acts, White Australia Policy (5.4.III)

6.2.I End of European dominance, independence movements

Causes of imperial decline: Political and social discontent, Technological and economic stagnation, Military defeatNegotiated independence: British India, British Gold Coast, French West AfricaArmed Struggle: Algeria and Vietnam from French, Angola from Portuguese

6.2.II Transnationalism Communism, Pan-Arabism, Pan-Africanism

6.2.IV Total war, global conflicts6.2.V Intensified conflict “Military-industrial complex” and

weapons trading, IRA, ETA, Al-Qaeda

6.3.I Governments and economic control

Five Year Plans, Great Leap Forward, New Deal, Fascist corporatist economy, Nasser’s economic development, Encouragement of export-oriented economies, Free market economic policies, Economic liberalization, United States beginning with Ronald Reagan, Britain under Margaret Thatcher, China under Deng Xiaoping, Chile under Pinochet

6.3.II Global governance League of Nations, United Nations, International Criminal

SB-2 Explain how and why different functions and institutions of governance have changed over time.Court, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, World Trade Organization (WTO), Multi-national corporations (MNC), European Economic Community, NAFTA, ASEAN, Mercosur

SB-3 Explain how and why economic, social, cultural, and geographical factors have influenced the processes of state building, expansion, and dissolution.Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”

1.3.II Favorable environmental factors; early state and imperial expansion

1.3.III Monumental architecture2.1.II Belief systems and empire2.2.I City-states2.2.II Techniques of

administration2.2.III Urbanization, labor

organization, gender roles; growing commercial and administrative centers

2.2.IV Imperial decline and collapse

2.3.III Exchange of disease pathogens

3.1.I Growth of trade and new cities

Growth of existing trade routesDevelopment of networks in the Americas—Mississippi River Valley, Mesoamerica, AndesNew trading cities—Novgorod, Timbuktu, Swahili coast city-states, Hangzhou, Baghdad, Melaka (Malacca), Venice, Tenochtitlan, Cahokia

3.1.II Cultural and environmental impacts of migration

Environmental impact--Bantu migrations, Polynesian migrationsSpread of languages—Bantu, Arabic, Turkic

3.1.III Cross-cultural exchanges Islam, diasporic communities, diffusion of literary, artistic, and cultural traditions

3.2.I City-states On the Italian peninsula, in East Africa, in Southeast Asia, in the Americas

3.2.I, II

Continuities and innovations of state forms; Dar al-Islam, khanates, feudalism

Reconstitution of imperial states combining traditional sources of power and legitimacy (patriarchy, religion, land-owning elites) with innovations better suited to local context (new methods of taxation, tributary systems, adaptation of religious institutions)New States: Islamic states (Abbasids, Muslim Iberia, Delhi Sultanate), Mongol khanates, new Hindu and Buddhist states in South, East, and Southeast Asia, emergence of city-state: on the Italian peninsula, in East Africa, in Southeast Asia

3.3.II Fates of cities; urban decline and renewal

Factors contributing to decline, factors contributing to renewal

3.3.III Globalizing networks4.1.I Changes and continuities

in social structures, religions

4.1.IV African, American, and European interactions; mercantilism, joint-stock companies

Atlantic system, role of mercantilism and joint stock companies

4.l.V Effects of globalizing Columbian Exchange4.1.VI Peasant labor, labor Peasant and artisan labor

I systems; Colonial empires intensified in many regions (ex. In frontier settlements in Siberia, for cotton textile production in India, for silk production in China), slavery continued in Africa (both traditional incorporation of mainly female slaves into households and export of slaves to the Mediterranean), plantation economy and demand for slaves in the Americas. Colonial economies in the Americas depended on: chattel slavery, indentures servitude, encomienda and hacienda systems, Spanish adaptation of the mit’a

4.2.II, III

New social and political elites and hierarchies

New elites—Manchus in China, creole elites in Spanish America, European gentry, urban commercial entrepreneurs in all port cities of the worldFluctuating power of existing elites—zamindars in the Mughal empire, nobility in Europe, daimyo in JapanGender and family restructuring—European men depending on Southeast Asian women in trade, smaller size of European families

4.3.I Monumental architecture and urban design

Ottoman mosques/palaces, Versailles, Fatehpur Sikri, Taj Mahal

4.3.I-III

State consolidation and imperial expansion; land-based and maritime expansion; economic and political rivalries

Ways that rulers consolidated power, land empires—Manchu, Mughal, Ottoman, Russian; maritime empires in Americas—Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, French, BritishCompetition over trade routes:

Omani-European rivalry in the Indian Ocean, Piracy in the CaribbeanState rivalries: Thirty Years War, Ottoman Safavid conflictLocal resistance: food riots, samurai revolts, peasant uprisings

5.1.I Capitalism; export economies

5.1.II Industrial production5.l.V Alternate visions of

capitalist societies, state-sponsored industrialization

Meiji Japan, Tsarist Russia (factories and railroads), Muhammad Ali in Egypt, State pensions and public health in Germany, Expansion of suffrage in Britain, Public education

5.1.VI New social classes, communities

Middle class, Industrial working class

5.2.I Industrialization and imperialism

5.2.II Imperialism, new states Cherokee Nation, Zulu Kingdom, Independent states in the Balkans

5.2.III Social Darwinism5.3.I Enlightenment5.3.II Nationalism German nationalism, Italian

nationalism, Filipino nationalism, Argentinian nationalism

5.3.III Decline of empires Marathas (Mughal Empire) Taipings (Qing Dynasty), Indian Revolt of 1857, Boxer Rebellion, Ghost Dance, Xhosa Cattle-Killing Movement

5.3.IV Reformist and revolutionary movements, transnationalism; improved military technology

Socialism, Communism

5.4.I Spread of European social, political thought

6.1.II, III

Global migration

6.2.I Competition over environmental resources

6.2.II Anti-imperialist movements

Indian National Congress, Ho Chi Minh, Kwame Nkrumah, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Quebecois, Biafra secessionists, Pan-Arabism, Pan-Africanism

6.2.III Restructuring of states India/Pakistan partition, Zionist Jewish settlement of Palestine, Middle Eastern mandates

6.2.IV Ideologies of expansion; total war, Cold War, neocolonial dominance

NATO, Warsaw Pact, Proxy wars

6.2.V Global conflict Military dictatorship: Chile, Spain, Uganda

6.3.I-III

New conceptualization of global society and culture

U.N. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Negritude movement, Liberation Theology, Islamic renewal movements

SB-4 Explain how and why internal and external political factors have influenced the process of state building, expansion, and dissolution.Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”

1.2.II Accumulation of wealth1.3.II Competition over land

and resources1.3.III Regional trade2.1.I Conquests of Jewish

states2.2.II Roads and currencies2.2.III Rise of cities as centers of

trade

SB-4 Explain how and why internal and external political factors have influenced the process of state building, expansion, and dissolution.2.2.IV Mobilization of resources3.1.I Cities and increased

trade, state practices that facilitated trade

New trading cities—Novgorod, Timbuktu, Swahili coast city-states, Hangzhou, Baghdad, Melaka (Malacca), Venice, Tenochtitlan, CahokiaState practices facilitating commercial growth: minting of coins, use of paper money, building of the Inca road system, the Hanseatic League, the Grand Canal

3.2.I Collapse and reconstitution of empires

collapse—classical empiresreconstituted—Byzantine and Chinese empires

3.3.II Rise and fall of cities Revival of cities after decline in early postclassical, new trading cities emerged, urban decline in late postclassical

3.3.III Peasant revolts In China and in the Byzantine empire

4.1.I Globalizing networks and their political and economic effects

4.1.VI Spread of cultures among states

Islam and sufism, Ottoman-Safavid rivalry, global spread of Christianity, Vodun and Candomble, Sikhism, development and spread of new Buddhist schools and practices

4.2.II Colonial empires4.3.I Tributary taxes and

expansion; differential treatment of groups

Tribute collection and tax farmingDifferential treatment—Spanish Republica de Indios, Spanish/Portuguese creation of new racial classifications in the Americas

SB-4 Explain how and why internal and external political factors have influenced the process of state building, expansion, and dissolution.4.3.II Maritime and land-based

empiresLand-based empires expanded greatly in size including the Manchu, Mughal, Ottoman, and RussianEuropean states established new maritime empires in the Americas—Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, French, British

4.3.III Competition over trade routes; competition for overland trade routes and local resistance

Competition over trade routes: Omani-European rivalry in the Indian Ocean, Piracy in the CaribbeanState rivalries: Thirty Years War, Ottoman Safavid conflictLocal resistance: food riots, samurai revolts, peasant uprisings

5.l.V Responses to global capitalism

5.2.I Imperialism5.3.I Enlightenment American Declaration of

Independence, FrenchDeclaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, Bolivar’s Jamaica Letter

5.3.III Imperial discontent, revolutions, transnationalism; 18th- and 19th-century revolutions

Indian Revolt of 1857, Boxer Rebellion

6.l.III Improved military technologies

Tanks, Airplanes, Atomic bomb, Machine Gun, Trench warfare, Firebombing, Nanjing, Dresden, Hiroshima

6.2.I-V

Global conflicts and their consequences

Military defeat, India/Pakistan partition, Zionist Jewish settlement, Middle Eastern mandates, Armenians in Turkey, Cambodia in the late 1970’s,

SB-4 Explain how and why internal and external political factors have influenced the process of state building, expansion, and dissolution.Tutsi/Rwanda in the 1990’s Holocaust during World War II

6.2.I Collapses, internal issues Political and social discontent, Technological and economic stagnation, Algeria and Vietnam from the French, Angola from the Portuguese

6.2. II Anti-imperialism6.2.III Ethnic violence Zionism, Displacement of

Palestinians, Tutsi in Rwanda in the 1990s

6.2.V Individuals and groups Mohandas Gandhi, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Nelson Mandela in South Africa, The Anti-Apartheid Movement in South Africa, Global uprisings of 1968, Tiananmen Square protesters, IRA, ETA, Al-Qaeda

6.3.I Responses to global capitalism

6.3.II Global governance League of Nations, United Nations, International Criminal Court

SB-5 Explain how societies with states and state-less societies interacted over time.Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”

1.2.1, II

Development of elites

1.3.II Transformation of warfare

2.2.1 Consequences of expanding states and empires

2.2.II Administrative techniques, diplomacy,

SB-5 Explain how societies with states and state-less societies interacted over time.military, roads; imperial government and societies

2.2.III Cities as administrative centers

2.2.IV Xiongnu, Huns3.1.1 Empire expansion3.1.III Arab expansion To Afro-Eurasia via military

conquest, trade and missionaries/Sufis

3.2.1 Conquests, tributary empires, new forms of government; Mongol expansion, Aztec/Mexica

3.2.II Interregional conflicts; technological and cultural transfers

Conflicts—Tang v. Abbasids, Mongol conquests, Crusades, during voyages of Zheng HeTransfers—Islamic scientific knowledge to Mongol China, Greco-Islamic medical knowledge to western Europe, foods/tech/textiles/music from Islamic world to Europe in Iberian Spain

3.3.III Nomadic pastoralism: changes in labor organization, military obligations, POW/slaves

4.l.IV Globalization4.3.1 Rulers consolidated

power over groups and populations

Used religious ideas—European divine right, Safavids and Shiism, Aztec use of sacrifice, Songhay and Islam, Chinese emperors and Confucian ritualsAlso used art/arch—Ottoman miniature painting, Qing imperial portraits, Mughal Taj Mahal, Versailles

SB-5 Explain how societies with states and state-less societies interacted over time.4.3.III Competition over trade

routes, state rivalriesCompetition over trade routes: Omani-European rivalry in the Indian Ocean, Piracy in the CaribbeanState rivalries: Thirty Years War, Ottoman Safavid conflictLocal resistance: food riots, samurai revolts, peasant uprisings

5.2.I, II

Imperialism and state formation

British in southern Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and West Africa, Belgium in the Congo

5.2.II New states on edges of empires

Cherokee Nation, Zulu Kingdom

5.3.III Movements against imperialism

Ghost Dance, Xhosa Cattle-Killing movement

6.2.I-V


Quebecois separatists, Biafra secessionists, Zionist Jewish settlement of Palestine and displacement of Palestinians, IRA, ETA, Al-Qaeda

6.3.II Global interdependency

SB-6 Explain the political and economic interactions between states and non-state actors over time.Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”

2.2.I Consequences of expanding states and empires

2.2.II Administrative techniques, diplomacy, military, roads

2.2.III Cities as administrative centers

2.3.I, II

Emergence of interregional networks

3.1.III Arab expansion To Afro-Eurasia via military conquest, trade and

SB-6 Explain the political and economic interactions between states and non-state actors over time.missionaries/Sufis

3.2.I Conquests, tributary empires, new forms of government

3.2.II Interregional conflicts Conflicts—Tang v. Abbasids, Mongol conquests, Crusades, during voyages of Zheng He

3.3.III Changes in labor organization, military obligations, POW/slaves

4.1.IV Globalization4.3.I Rulers consolidate power

over groups and populations

Used religious ideas—European divine right, Safavids and Shiism, Aztec use of sacrifice, Songhay and Islam, Chinese emperors and Confucian ritualsAlso used art/arch—Ottoman miniature painting, Qing imperial portraits, Mughal Taj Mahal, Versailles

4.3.III Competition over trade routes, state rivalries

Competition over trade routes: Omani-European rivalry in the Indian Ocean, Piracy in the CaribbeanState rivalries: Thirty Years War, Ottoman Safavid conflictLocal resistance: food riots, samurai revolts, peasant uprisings

5.1.II Global economies, merchants and companies

Opium exported to China, Cotton grown in South Asia, Egypt, the Caribbean, or North America andexported to Great Britain and other European countries, Palm oil produced in Sub-Saharan Africa and exported to European countries

5.2.I, Imperialism and state Cherokee Nation, Zulu Kingdom

SB-6 Explain the political and economic interactions between states and non-state actors over time.II formation5.3.III Movements against

imperialismIndian Revolt of 1857, Boxer Rebellion in Qing China

6.1.III Improved military technology

Tanks, Airplanes, Atomic bomb, Trench warfare, Firebombing, Nanjing, Hiroshima

6.2.I-V


NATO, Warsaw Pact, Proxy wars, IRA, ETA, Al-Qaeda

6.3.II Global interdependency The European Economic Community, NAFTA, ASEAN, Mercosur, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, World Trade Organization (WTO), Multi-National Corporations (MNC)

Theme 4: Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems (ECON) This theme surveys the diverse patterns and systems that human societies have developed to produce, distribute, and consume desired goods and services across time and place. It explores how these interactions influence cultural and technological diffusion, migration, state formation, social classes, and human interaction with the environment.

ECON-1 Explain how technology shaped economic production and globalization over time.Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”

1.3.II Weapons and transportation

2.3.II New and maritime technologies

3.1.I Transportation and commercial technology

dhows, junks, longshipsbills of exchange, credit, checks, banking houses, use of paper money

4.1.III Cartographic and navigational technology

Prince Henry the Navigator and his school. Adoption of technology

ECON-1 Explain how technology shaped economic production and globalization over time.from Chinese, Indian, and Islamic worlds—compass astrolabe, better maps, better understanding of global wind patterns and ocean currents

5.1.I New pattern of global trade

5.1.III Transnational businesses, transportation

United Fruit Company

5.2.II Land-based empire expansion; national reactions to industrialization

5.4.I Increasing global migration

Japanese agricultural workers in the Pacific, Lebanese merchants in the Americas, Italian industrial workers in Argentina

6.1.III Global problems6.2.I, IV

Global conflicts, transnational movements

6.3.I, II

Global economics and institutions

6.3.III New technologies and spread of ideas

6.3.IV Global popular culture; new machines and methods of industrial production

Reggae, Bollywood, World Cup Soccer, Olympics

ECON-2 Explain the causes and effects of economic strategies of different types of communities, states, and empires.Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”

1.2.I Neolithic Revolution1.2.II Pastoralism and

agriculture1.3.II First states; record

keeping, regional trade

ECON-2 Explain the causes and effects of economic strategies of different types of communities, states, and empires.2.2.II Roads, currency2.2.III Administrative cities,

social hierarchies2.3.III Trade route exchanges3.2.I Imperial innovations New methods of taxation,

tributary systems, adaptation of religious institutions

3.3.I-III

Imperial support for production and trade

Development of new forms of coerced labor including serfdom in Europe and Japan and the elaboration of the mit’a in the Incan empire

4.1.I Global economy4.1.III State support for

maritime voyages and trade

Prince Henry of Portugal, Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, North Atlantic crossings

4.1.IV Mercantilism, joint-stock companies

Louis XIV, Dutch East India Company, British East India Company

4.l.V Columbian Exchange4.2.I-III

New political and economic elites; Little Ice Age; shifting hierarchy

4.3.I Techniques of imperial administration

4.3.II Imperial expansion4.3.III Interstate rivalry5.1.II Industrialization Export of natural resources:

Cotton, Rubber, Palm oil, Sugar, Wheat, Meat, Guano, Copper mines in Mexico, Gold and diamond mines in South Africa Decline: Shipbuilding in India and Southeast Asia, Iron works in India, Textile production in India and Egypt

5.l.III Capitalism, financial Stock markets, Insurance, Gold

ECON-2 Explain the causes and effects of economic strategies of different types of communities, states, and empires.instruments standard, Limited liability

corporations5.l.V Resisting or sponsoring

industrializationTanzimat movement, Self-Strengthening Movement, Meiji Japan, Development of factories and railroads in Tsarist Russia, Muhammad Ali’s development of a cotton textile industry in Egypt, State pensions and public health in Germany, Expansion of suffrage in Britain, Public education

5.2.I Imperialism Opium Wars, Economic Imperialism (Latin America)

6.1.I Rapid spread of innovation

6.2.IV Global conflict, fascism Great Depression, Fascism, Communism

6.2.V Non-Aligned Movement Third World6.3.I State-controlled

economiesFive Year Plans, Great Leap Forward, New Deal, Fascist corporatist economy, Gamal Abdel Nasser

6.3.II New economic institutions

International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, World Trade Organization (WTO), Multi-National Corporations (MNC), European Economic Community (EEC), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Mercosur

ECON-3 Explain how different modes and locations of production and commerce have developed and changed over time.Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”

1.3.II First states

ECON-3 Explain how different modes and locations of production and commerce have developed and changed over time.2.2.II Roads, currency2.2.III Administrative cities,

social hierarchies3.2.I Imperial innovations New methods of taxation,

tributary systems, adaptation of religious institutions

3.3.I-III

Imperial support for production and trade

4.1.I Global economy4.1.III State support for

maritime voyages and trade

Prince Henry of Portugal, Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, North Atlantic crossings

4.l.IV Mercantilism, joint-stock companies

Louis XIV and the French, Dutch, British

4.2.II New political and economic elites

New political and economic elites: Manchus in China, creole elites in Spanish America, European gentry, urban commercial entrepreneurs in all major port cities

4.3.I Techniques of imperial administration

Using religion—European notion of divine right, Safavid use of Shiism, Mexica (Aztec) practice of human sacrifice, Songhay promotion of Islam, Chinese emperors public performance of Confucian ritualsUsing art and monumental architecture: Ottoman miniature painting, Qing imperial portraits, Mughal mausolea such as the Taj Mahal, European palaces such as VersaillesPractices adopted to accommodate ethnic and religious diversity—Ottoman treatment of non-Muslim subjects, Mancu

ECON-3 Explain how different modes and locations of production and commerce have developed and changed over time.policies toward Chinese, Spanish creation of Republica de Indios, Spanish and Portuguese creation of new racial classifications in the AmericasRecruitment and use of bureaucratic elites and military professionals—Ottoman devshirme, Chinese examination system, salaried samurai

4.3.II Imperial expansion Trading-post empires in Africa and Asia, Land-based empires, maritime empires in the Americas

4.3.III Interstate rivalry State rivalries: Thirty Years War, Ottoman Safavid conflict

5.1.I New machines and methods of industrial production

Steam engine, Internal combustion engine, Fossil fuel, Factory system, Specialization of labor, Second industrial revolution

5.1.II Industrialization; transnational businesses, transportation

Decline of: Shipbuilding in India and Southeast Asia, Iron works in India, Textile production in India and Egypt

5.1.III Capitalism, financial instruments

United Fruit Company, Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC), Stock Markets, Insurance, Gold standard, Limited-liability corporations

5.1.V Resisting or sponsoring industrialization

Tanzimat movement, Self-Strengthening movement, Meiji Japan, Tsarist Russia, Muhammad Ali (Egypt)

5.2.I Imperialism Economic imperialism5.2.II Global conflict;

transnational movements5.4.I Land-based empire

expansion; national

ECON-3 Explain how different modes and locations of production and commerce have developed and changed over time.reactions to industrialization

6.1.I Increasing global migration

6.2.I Global problems6.2.IV Global conflict, fascism Military industrial complex6.2.V Non-Aligned Movement6.3.I State-controlled

economies; global economics and institutions

Five Year Plans, Great Leap Forward, New Deal, Fascist corporatist economy, Nasser (Egypt), Export-oriented economies (East Asia)

6.3.II New economic institutions

International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, World Trade Organization (WTO), Multi-national corporations (MNC)

6.3.III New technologies and spread of ideas

6.3.IV Global popular culture Bollywood

ECON-4 Explain the causes and effects of labor reform movements.Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”

5.1.V Government reform, socialism

Marxism, Utopian socialism, Anarchism, State pensions and public health (Germany), Suffrage (Britain), Public education

5.3.I Enlightenment attitudes, abolition of serfdom and slavery

William Wilberforce, Alexander II (Russia)

5.3.III Reform, rebellion, slave resistance, anticolonial movements

Maroon societies, North American slave resistance

5.3.IV Transnational ideologies: liberalism, socialism,

ECON-4 Explain the causes and effects of labor reform movements.communism

6.2.II Land redistribution Communism, Socialism

ECON-5 Explain how and why labor systems have developed and changed over time.Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”

1.2.II Agriculture, artisans, specialization

1.3.II Labor regimes in first states

2.2.III Patriarchy, imperial economies; slavery, corvee labor

3.1.I Caravan organization Caravanserais and growth in trade of luxury goods including silk and cotton textiles, porcelain, spices, precious metals and gems, slaves exotic animals

3.3.I Artisans expand production

Textiles and porcelains for export, iron and steel in China

3.3.II Urban decline and revival Serfdom in Europe3.3.III Labor organization, family

life; military and household slaves, mit'a, serfdom

4.1.IV Labor regimes in the Atlantic system

chattel slavery, indentured servitude, encomienda and hacienda, Spanish adaptation of the mit’a system

4.1.IV, V

Atlantic world

4.2.II Coerced labor Peasant and artisan labor intensified in many regions (ex. In frontier settlements in Siberia, for cotton textile production in India,

ECON-5 Explain how and why labor systems have developed and changed over time.for silk production in China), slavery continued in Africa (both traditional incorporation of mainly female slaves into households and export of slaves to the Mediterranean), plantation economy and demand for slaves in the Americas. Colonial economies in the Americas depended on: chattel slavery, indentures servitude, encomienda and hacienda systems, Spanish adaptation of the mit’a

4.2.II, III

Slavery in Africa; elites' ability to control labor

5.1.I, VI

Industrial production Factory system, Specialization of labor, Middle class, Industrial working class

5.4.II Labor migration; coerced and semi-coerced migrant

Manual laborers, Specialized professionals, Indentured servitude, convict labor

ECON-6 Explain how economic systems and the development of ideologies, values, and institutions have influenced each other.Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”

2.1.II Buddhism and Christianity spread through merchants

2.3.III Religions spread along trade routes

3.1.III Islam4.1.IV Mercantilism Explain the basics pf mercantilism4.l.VI Spread of religions and

religious syncretism in regional and newly global trade networks

Sufism and spread of Islam in Afro-Eurasia, role of Protestant and Catholic Reformations in spread Christianity outside of

ECON-6 Explain how economic systems and the development of ideologies, values, and institutions have influenced each other.Europe, Vodun and Candomble, Sikhism, spread of Buddhism in NE and SE Asia

4.3.I Economic role in the consolidation of imperial power

5.1.I Legal protection of global capitalism

Private property

5.1.III Classical liberalism Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill5.l.V, VI

Socialism, Marxism; transformation of social organization

Utopian socialism, Anarchism, Marxism

5.2.III Social Darwinism justified imperialism

6.2.II Land redistribution; religious challenges to imperialism

Communism, Socialism

6.2.IV Cold War Capitalism, Communism6.3.I, II

Free-market economics, regional trade agreements, protest movements

Ronald Reagan, Margaret Thatcher, Deng Xiaoping, Augusto Pinochet, European Economic Community (EEC), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Mercosur

ECON-7 Explain how local, regional, and global economic systems and exchange networks have influenced and impacted each other over time.Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”

1.1.I Development of pastoralism

1.2.I, II

Diffusion of domesticated plants and animals; development of agriculture, pastoralism, and associated

ECON-7 Explain how local, regional, and global economic systems and exchange networks have influenced and impacted each other over time.technological innovations

1.3.II Pastoralists as disseminators of technology

1.3.III Systems of record keeping; local, regional, and interregional trade

2.3.I Mobilization of resources2.3.II Technological innovations2.3.III Development of trade

routes, new trade networks in Afro-Eurasia

3.1.I Ship design; coin, paper money, checks, banking; improved technology and commercial practices affected trade networks in Afro-Eurasia and the Americas

Ship design--dhows, junks, longships

3.1.III Diffusion of scientific ideas and technology; cross-cultural exchanges

Greek and Indian math to Muslim scholars, return of Greek science and philosophy to western Europe via Muslim Iberia, spread of printing and gunpowder from East Asia into the Islamic and European worlds

3.1.IV Spread of crops and diseases in Afro-Eurasia; Eastern Hemisphere diffusion

Bananas in Africa, new rice varieties (Champa) in East Asia, spread of cotton, sugar, and citrus via the Islamic Agricultural Revolutionbubonic plague

3.2.I Changing imperial rule affected trade

Impact of collapse of classical empires and revival of empires on trade throughout the post-classical period

3.2.II Technology transfer printing, paper, gunpowder,

ECON-7 Explain how local, regional, and global economic systems and exchange networks have influenced and impacted each other over time.medicine

3.3.I Afro-Eurasian exchanges of crops; demand for luxury goods

3.3 II Changing urbanization; safe and reliable transport

Urban decline and later urban reivival

4.1.I, III

Changing and intensification of existing trade routes; new maritime routes

4.1.II Maritime technology; technological innovations

Caravel, carrack, fluyt; better understanding of global wind and current patterns

4.l.III Royal-chartered companies

4.1.IV Joint-stock companies; transoceanic shipping; effects on regional markets

Dutch East India Company, British East India Company

4.l.V Columbian Exchange Atlantic System4.2.II Plantation crops Sugar, cotton, coffee4.3.II Gunpowder empires and

trade5.1.II Raw materials; markets

led to new global trade patterns

Natural Resources: Cotton, Rubber, Palm oil Sugar, Wheat, Meat, Guano, Metals, OpiumMining: Copper Mines (Mexico), Gold and Diamond (South Africa)

5.1.III Financial institutions, transnational banks

United Fruit Company, Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking (HSBC), Stock Markets

5.1.IV Railroads, steamships, canals, the telegraph

5.4.I Global migration Japanese agricultural workers, Lebanese merchants, Italian industrial workers

ECON-7 Explain how local, regional, and global economic systems and exchange networks have influenced and impacted each other over time.6.1.I Oil and nuclear power Petroleum6.3.II Changing economic

institutions; global economic institutions

International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, World Trade Organization (WTO), Multi-national corporations (MNC), European Economic Community (EEC), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Mercosur

Theme 5: Development and Transformation of Social Structures (SOC) This theme is about relations among human beings, how human societies develop ways of grouping their members, and norms that govern interactions between individuals and social groups. Additionally, this theme explores the processes through which social categories, roles, and practices are created, maintained, and transformed.

SOC-1 Explain how distinctions based on kinship, ethnicity, class, gender, and race influenced the development and transformations of social hierarchies. Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”

1.2.II Gender hierarchies, including patriarchy; labor specialization

1.3.II First states; patriarchy and social hierarchies, intensification of social hierarchies; increasingly unified states

2.1.I Confucian and Christian ideologies

2.1.II Belief systems and gender roles

2.l.III Patriarchy and gender in imperial society, labor regimes in imperial societies, imperial social

SOC-1 Explain how distinctions based on kinship, ethnicity, class, gender, and race influenced the development and transformations of social hierarchies. structures

2.2.III Legitimizing imperial rule; Islam and conquest

3.l.III Patriarchy and power3.2.I Continuities of patriarchy,

religious influence on gender

3.3.III Diversification of labor organization, new labor coercion

New forms of coerced labor: serfdom in Europe and Japan, elaboration of the mit’a in the Inca empire, demand for slaves increased in Central Eurasia, parts of Africa and in the eastern Mediterranean

4.1.IV, V

Atlantic world New social hierarchy in Spanish America—peninsulars, creoles, castas, natives and slaves

4.2.II, III

Increased demand for labor; elites

Peasant and artisan labor intensified, slavery in Africa, plantation economies and the demand for slaves, labor systems in colonial America—chattel slavery, indentured servitude, encomienda and hacienda, Spanish adaptation of the mit’aNew Elites—Manchus in China, creole elites in Spanish America, European gentryExisting elites (whose power fluctuated)—zamindars of the Mughal empire, nobility in Europe, daimyo in Japan

4.2.III Changing political and economic structures affected gender hierarchies

Gender restructuring in Africa resulting from the slave trade, The dependence of European men on Southeast Asian women for conducting trade in that region

SOC-1 Explain how distinctions based on kinship, ethnicity, class, gender, and race influenced the development and transformations of social hierarchies. 4.3.I Legitimizing imperial rule Differential treatment of ethnic

and religious groups—Republica de Indios, creation of new racial classifications in the Americas including mestizo, mulatto, and creole

5.1.I Industrialization; industrial specialization

5.1.VI Industrialization affected gender roles; middle class and industrial working class

5.l.V Anarchism, utopian socialism, suffrage

5.3.I, IV

Suffrage, feminism; challenges to social hierarchies, including gender

Abolition of slavery and serfdom, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman by Mary Wollstonecraft, Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen by Olympe de Gouge, Seneca Falls Conference (1848)

5.3.I-IV

Enlightenment ideals American Declaration of Independence, French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, Simon Bolivar’s Jamaica Letter

5.4.II Global migration5.4.III Male migrants, females

left in home societyChinese Exclusion Acts, White Australia Policy

6.2.II Redistribution of land, migrants in metropoles

South Asians to Britain, Algerians to France, Filipinos to the United States

6.2.III Ethnic violence Armenians in Turkey, Holocaust, Cambodia in the late 1970’s, Rwanda in the 1990’s

6.2.V Nonviolence Mohandas Gandhi, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Nelson Mandela

6.3.III Changing ideas about UN Universal Declaration of

SOC-1 Explain how distinctions based on kinship, ethnicity, class, gender, and race influenced the development and transformations of social hierarchies. rights-based discourses; new conceptualization of society and culture

Human Rights, Global feminism movements, Women’s suffrage and hold office (US, Brazil, Turkey, Japan, Indian, and Morocco), Female literacy, US Civil Rights Act of 1965, End of Apartheid, Caste and reservation (India)

SOC-2 Evaluate the extent to which different ideologies, philosophies, and religions affected social hierarchies.Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”

1.3.III Increasingly unified states2.1.I Caste2.1.II Confucian and Christian

ideologies2.2.III Imperial social structures3.l.III Cross-cultural exchanges

of social systems; Islam and conquest

Impact of spread of Christianity, Neoconfucianism, Hinduism, and Islam

4.3.I Legitimizing imperial rule Differential treatment of ethnic and religious groups—Republica de Indios, creation of new racial classifications in the Americas including mestizo, mulatto, and creole

5.1.I Industrial specialization5.l.V Anarchism, utopian

socialism, suffrage5.l.VI New social classes and

gender roles5.3.I-IV

Enlightenment ideals Voltaire, Montesquieu, Locke, Rousseau, Natural rights, Social contract, American Declaration of Independence, French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, Simon Bolivar’s Jamaica Letter,

SOC-2 Evaluate the extent to which different ideologies, philosophies, and religions affected social hierarchies.Abolition of slavery and serfdom, Suffrage, Feminism

6.2.II Redistribution of land, migrants in metropoles

6.2.V Nonviolence Mohandas Gandhi, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Nelson Mandela

6.3.III New conceptualizations of society and culture

Global feminism movements, Women’s suffrage and hold office (US, Brazil, Turkey, Japan, Indian, and Morocco), Female literacy, US Civil Rights Act of 1965, End of Apartheid, Caste and reservation (India)

SOC-3 Evaluate the extent to which legal systems, colonialism, nationalism, and independence movements have sustained or challenged class, gender, and racial hierarchies over time.

Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”1.3.III State unification2.1.II Greco-Roman legal

system and philosophy2.2.III, IV

Imperial societies

3.2.I Sources of power and legitimacy

3.3.III Postclassical legal systems

4.1.IV Merchants4.l.V Columbian Exchange4.2.II, III

Increased demand for labor, elite control of labor in colonies

Peasant and artisan labor intensified, slavery in Africa, plantation economies and the demand for slaves, labor systems in colonial America—chattel slavery, indentured servitude,


encomienda and hacienda, Spanish adaptation of the mit’a

4.2.III Restructuring of hierarchies

New Elites—Manchus in China, creole elites in Spanish America, European gentryExisting elites (whose power fluctuated)—zamindars of the Mughal empire, nobility in Europe, daimyo in JapanGender restructuring in Africa resulting from the slave trade, The dependence of European men on Southeast Asian women for conducting trade in that region

4.3.I Legitimizing and consolidation of imperial rule

Differential treatment of ethnic and religious groups—Republica de Indios, creation of new racial classifications in the Americas including mestizo, mulatto, and creole

5.1.I Private property Middle class5.2.I Settler colonies British: southern Africa, Australia,

and New Zealand, French Algeria5.2.II Anti-imperial resistance Cherokee Nation, Zulu Kingdom,

Independent states in the Balkans5.3.I Independence

movementsAmerican Declaration of Independence, Jamaica Letter by Simon Bolivar

5.3.II Nationalism Nationalism: German, Italian, Filipino, Argentinian

5.3.III Anticolonial movements Indian Revolt of 1857, Boxer Rebellion, Ghost Dance (US), Xhosa Cattle-Killing Movement (Southern Africa)

5.3.IV Suffrage, feminism6.2.II Postcolonial Indian National Congress, Ho Chi


independence, migration Minh, Kwame Nkrumah, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Quebecois separatists, Biafra secessionists, Pan-Arabism, Pan-Africanism

6.2.IV Global conflict6.2.V Popular protests Anti-Apartheid Movement, Global

uprisings of 1968, Tiananmen Square protestors (China), IRA, ETA

6.3.II Protesting inequalities Greenpeace, Green Belt Movement (Kenya), Earth Day

SOC-4 Explain how the development of specialized labor systems interacted with the development of social hierarchies.Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”

1.2.II Labor specialization1.3.II First states2.2.III Labor regimes in imperial

societies3.3.III Diversification of labor

organization; new labor coercion

4.1.IV, V

Atlantic world

4.2.II, III

Increased demand for labor; elites

Peasant and artisan labor intensified, slavery in Africa, plantation economies and the demand for slaves, labor systems in colonial America—chattel slavery, indentured servitude, encomienda and hacienda, Spanish adaptation of the mit’aNew Elites—Manchus in China, creole elites in Spanish America, European gentry

SOC-4 Explain how the development of specialized labor systems interacted with the development of social hierarchies.Existing elites (whose power fluctuated)—zamindars of the Mughal empire, nobility in Europe, daimyo in Japan

5.1.I Industrialization5.l.VI Middle class and

industrial working class5.3.I Abolition of slavery, end

of serfdom5.3.IV Challenges to social

hierarchies, including gender

Socialism, Communism, Feminism

5.4.II Global migration Manual laborers, Specialized professionals, Indentured servitude

SOC-5 Explain how social categories, roles, and practices have been maintained or challenged over time.Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”

1.3.III State unification2.1.I Caste, Judaism2.1.II Greco-Roman philosophy;

Confucianism, Christianity, Buddhism

2.1.III Monasticism2.2.III, IV

Imperial societies

3.1.III Islam3.2.I Sources of power and

legitimacy3.3.III Postclassical social

organization; changes and continuities in the wake of economic growth

Continuities—persistence of influence of class and caste hierarchies, patriarchy but women exercised more power and influence among the Mongols and

SOC-5 Explain how social categories, roles, and practices have been maintained or challenged over time.in West Africa, Japan, and Southeast Asia

4.1.IV Merchants4.1.V Columbian Exchange4.2.II, III


Peasant and artisan labor intensified, slavery in Africa, plantation economies and the demand for slaves, labor systems in colonial America—chattel slavery, indentured servitude, encomienda and hacienda, Spanish adaptation of the mit’a

4.2.III Restructuring of hierarchies

4.3.I Confucian rituals; legitimization and consolidation of imperial rule

Using religion—European notion of divine right, Safavid use of Shiism, Mexica (Aztec) practice of human sacrifice, Songhay promotion of Islam, Chinese emperors public performance of Confucian ritualsUsing art and monumental architecture: Ottoman miniature painting, Qing imperial portraits, Mughal mausolea such as the Taj Mahal, European palaces such as VersaillesPractices adopted to accommodate ethnic and religious diversity—Ottoman treatment of non-Muslim subjects, Mancu policies toward Chinese, Spanish creation of Republica de Indios, Spanish and Portuguese creation of new racial classifications in the AmericasRecruitment and use of bureaucratic elites and military

SOC-5 Explain how social categories, roles, and practices have been maintained or challenged over time.professionals—Ottoman devshirme, Chinese examination system, salaried samurai

5.1.I Private property5.2.I Settler colonies Settler Colonies: British in

southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, French in Algeria

5.2.II Anti-imperial resistance Cherokee Nation5.2.III Social Darwinism5.3.I Enlightenment ideas;

independence movements

Voltaire, Montesquieu, Locke, Rousseau, Suffrage, Abolition of slavery and serfdom, American Declaration of Independence, Jamaica Letter by Simon Bolivar

5.3.II Nationalism5.3.III Anticolonial movements Marathas (Mughal Empire),

Taipings (Ginq Dynasty)Independence movements: Haiti, Latin America, United StatesIndian Revolt of 1857, Boxer Rebellion

5.3.IV Suffrage, feminism Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Olympe de Gouges’s Declaration of the Rights of Women and the FemaleCitizen, Seneca Falls Conference in 1848

6.1.III Demographic shifts, including birth control

6.2.IV Global conflict6.2.V Popular protests Mohandas Gandhi, Dr. Martin

Luther King, Jr., Nelson Mandela, The Anti-Apartheid Movement in South Africa, Global uprisings of 1968

6.3.II Protesting inequalities Greenpeace, Green Belt

SOC-5 Explain how social categories, roles, and practices have been maintained or challenged over time.Movement (Kenya), Earth Day

6.3.III Challenges to old assumptions about religion; rights based discourses

UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Global feminism movements, Negritude movement, Liberation theology (Latin America) Women’s suffrage and hold office (US, Brazil, Turkey, Japan, Indian, and Morocco), Female literacy, US Civil Rights Act of 1965, End of Apartheid, Caste and reservation (India)

SOC-6 Explain how political, economic, cultural, and demographic factors have affected social structures over time.Answer: Underline important concepts and factual examples “Facts”

3.l.III Diasporic communities Spread of Christianity in Europe, influence of Neoconfucianism and Buddhism in in East Asia, spread of Hinduism to Southeast Asia

3.3. III

Changes to labor structures

4.1.IV Merchants; free and unfree labor, mixing of cultures, peoples

4.l.V Columbian Exchange; Atlantic system

4.2.II Changes in Atlantic societies affected by slavery

4.2.II, III


Peasant and artisan labor intensified, slavery in Africa, plantation economies and the demand for slaves, labor systems in colonial America—chattel slavery, indentured servitude, encomienda and hacienda,

SOC-6 Explain how political, economic, cultural, and demographic factors have affected social structures over time.Spanish adaptation of the mit’a

4.3.I Legitimization and consolidation of imperial rule

Using religion—European notion of divine right, Safavid use of Shiism, Mexica (Aztec) practice of human sacrifice, Songhay promotion of Islam, Chinese emperors public performance of Confucian ritualsUsing art and monumental architecture: Ottoman miniature painting, Qing imperial portraits, Mughal mausolea such as the Taj Mahal, European palaces such as VersaillesPractices adopted to accommodate ethnic and religious diversity—Ottoman treatment of non-Muslim subjects, Mancu policies toward Chinese, Spanish creation of Republica de Indios, Spanish and Portuguese creation of new racial classifications in the AmericasRecruitment and use of bureaucratic elites and military professionals—Ottoman devshirme, Chinese examination system, salaried samurai

5.2.I Settler colonies British: southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, French Algeria

5.2.II Anti-imperial resistance5.3.I Independence

movements5.3.II Nationalism Nationalism: German, Filipino5.3.III Anticolonial movements Independence movements: Haiti,

Latin America, United States, French Revolution

5.4.I Demographic changes

SOC-6 Explain how political, economic, cultural, and demographic factors have affected social structures over time.5.4.I-III

Global migration Indentured servitude, Ethnic enclaves (Chinese and Indians), Chinese Exclusion Act, White Australia Policy

6.2.II Postcolonial independence, migration

Quebecois separatists, Muhammad Ali Jinnah (India), Biafra secessionist movement, Pan-Arabism, Pan-Africanism

6.2.III Migrants to metropoles South Asians to Britain, Algerians to France, Filipinos to the United States

6.2.IV Global conflict

lhsblogs.typepad.com · Web viewexamples of diasporic communities—Muslim merchants in the Indian Ocean region, Chinese merchants in Southeast Asia, Sogdian merchants in Central

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