ABOUT Shenyang, IN LIAONING PROVINCE:
The city has been identified by the Economist Intelligence
Unit in the November 2010 Access China White Paper as a member
of the
CHAMPS (Chongqing, Hefei, Anshan, Maanshan, Pingdingshan and Shenyang),
an economic profile of the top 20 emerging cities in China.[11]
Major companies
Numerous major industrial companies have their headquarters in
Shenyang. Brilliance Auto is a major Chinese automobile
manufacturer, and most of its production plants are also located in
Shenyang. Shenyang Aircraft Corporation produces
airplanes for civilian use as well as for
the PLAAF. Neusoft Group is the biggest software
company in China. Shenyang Machine Tool Group is the
largest machine tool manufacturer in China. Tyco
International, General Motors, and Michelin Shenyang Tire
Corporation, are expanding their operations in Shenyang due to a
deep pool of skilled technical labor; good transportation; low
land-use fees; and solid local support.
GDP and economic data
Statistically, the total GDP of the city of Shenyang is
383.66 Billion yuan in year 2009 (ranked 1st out of the 58
cities and counties in Liaoning province). The GDP per capita of
the city of Shenyang is 78490 yuan in 2009 (ranked 3rd out of all
58 cities and counties in Liaoning province).[12]
[edit]Initiatives and special zones
Shenyang Finance and Trade Development Zone
Shenyang Finance and Trade Development Zone was founded ln 1992.
It is the only finance and trade development zone except Lujiazui
in Shanghai and is the nucleus zone of Shenyang central Business
Zone. It covers an area of 1.12 million m², among which there
is more than 600,000 m² constructable. The total investment
planned is more than 20 billion YUAN and more than 60
high-stories international and multifunctional symbol buildings are
planned to be built. So far, the zone has transferred more than
400,000 m² ground, introduced over 40 big projects and
actually made use of over 200 million USD foreign investment.
It has become the sample zone of international finance and modern
service trade and the regional finance, trade and Info center of
Northeast China.[13]
Shenyang Economic & Technological Development Zone
Shenyang High-tech Industrial Development Zone
[edit]Infrastructure[edit]Transportation
Shenyang is served by air, rail, a two-line subway system, and
an extensive network of streets and expressways, with bus service
throughout the city.
Shenyang is the railway hub of Northeast China. Eight
railways connect Shenyang
with Beijing, Dalian, Changchun, Harbin and Fushun.
The city is also served by the Qinshen Passenger Railway, a
high-speed railway connecting Shenyang and Qinhuangdao. In
early 2007 a 200 km/h (120 mph) high-speed train
decreased travel time between Beijing and Shenyang to
around 4 hours. In August 2007 construction work started on
the Harbin-Dalian high-speed passenger railway–which is
expected to be completed in 2013–connecting Shenyang with other
major cities in Northeast
China, Harbin, Changchun and Dalian.[14] Shenyang
has two major railway stations: Shenyang North Railway Station and
Shenyang Railway Station. The Shenyang North Railway Station was
built in 1990, replacing the old north railway station, which was
built in 1927 and still stands today. The north railway station is
used mostly for express and high-speed train service. Shenyang
Railway Station (also known locally as the "Shenyang South Railway
Station", though the real "Shenyang South Railway Station" is
at Sujiatun) has a history of more than 100 years, built
by Russian in 1899 and expanded later by Japanese. Today, it
focuses on regular service and is being refurbished with a large
archway and new terminal, reducing access to the boarding platforms
by rerouting customers under and over ground while construction is
completed.
In 2011, a direct container rail service carries car parts
11,000 km (6,835 mi) from Leipzig, Germany to
Shenyang through Siberia in 23 days every day.[15]
The Qingnian Street bridge over the Hun He leads
toShenyang Taoxian International Airport and further
points.
The Shen-Da Expressway connecting Shenyang
and Dalian is the first expressway built in China. It is
the fastest highway (8-lane) linking one of the largest port city
to Shenyang. Shendan Expressway is a 4-lane expressway
to Benxi and Dandong. It also serves Shenyang
Taoxian International Airport. Shenyang is connected by several
major expressways. The Jingshen 8 lane Expressway goes to
the city of Beijing, some 658 km (409 mi) away.
There are other expressways
to Fushun, Changchun andXinmin. There are many
long-distance and express bus routes to Beijing and other cities in
the northeast.
[edit]International airport
The city is served by the Shenyang Taoxian International
Airport (沈阳桃仙国际机场, airport code SHE), located
in Dongling District. There are three other airports in
Shenyang, none of them open to public: Dongta airport is the oldest
airport in Shenyang, openned in 1920s and retired in 1980s. Beiling
airport is used by Shenyang Aircraft Corporation for test
flights. Yuhong airport is for military use only.[citation
needed]
[edit]City
In the Manchukuo era, the initial road transportation network
was laid out, as is now in the central districts of Shenyang. The
roads follow a northwest-to-southeast orientation due to the
southern Manchurian railway, which runs in that direction. Lately,
Shenyang develops a large beltway system, consisting of three
existing beltways, two beltways under construction and a planned
beltway.[citation needed] The Middle Loop was planned in as
early as 1930s and finally complete in 1985. The 2nd and 3rd Loop
(Shenyang Round City Expressway) were finished in 1990s. The
southern part of the 2nd Ring and 3rd loop are
express beltways.[citation needed] The 3rd loop is an
82 km (51 mi) expressway, the first
express beltway in China. The 4th loop will complete in
2013. The 6th loop (also known as G91 or Central Liaoning Express
Beltway) is under construction, with a total length of 405 km
(252 mi), which make it the longest beltway in the world when
complete. 5th loop was also planned.[citation needed] Inside
the city there is an east-to-west expressway through the city
center, most of which is elevated.
In Shenyang, there are more than 160 bus
routes.[16] Shenyang used to have about 20 trolley
bus routes, one of the biggest trolley bus networks in China.
The entire network was demolished in 1999 after a series of
electrocution accidents.
Shenyang has been planning subway system since 1940. On November
18, 2005, the construction of the first Shenyang Metro
subway line finally started [17] and the
construction of the second line started on November 18, 2006. The
first (east-west) line was opened September 27, 2010 and the second
(north-south) was opened on January 9, 2012. Construction is
difficult due to the rocky ground on which Shenyang is built.
[edit]Health care systems
Shenyang has 731 medical and healthcare centers, 63,000
healthcare staff and 3.02 healthcare worker per 1,000 people. There
are 34033 hospital beds and 45680 various kinds of medical and
technical personnel, among whom there are 17346 licensed doctors,
1909 assistant licensed doctors, and 16887 certified
nurses.[18] The average expected life-span of the people in
Shenyang is 73.8.
Shenyang is home to China Medical University Hospital, 202
Hospital, China Medical University 1st,2nd and 4th Hospital,
Liaoning Tumor Hospital, Shenyang No.7 People's Hospital, Shenyang
Orthopaedics Hospital, Shenyang Army General Hospital, and various
other hospitals and clinics.
CMU is one of the top 10 medical universities in China and
listed with IMED. Its diplomas are accredited worldwide.[19]
[edit]Environment
Shenyang has many parks. Self-organizing groups advocating
sustainable travel such as local rail revival, walking and cycling,
reduction in energy demand and waste generally, protection of
wildlife, cleaning the river and lakes, and the development of
environmental technologies in the city, are increasingly
popular.
[edit]Military
Shenyang holds the headquarters of the Shenyang Military
Region and the Air Force of Shenyang Military Region. Shenyang
is also famous for its defense industries.
[edit]Life and culture[edit]Shenyang dialect
People native to Shenyang speak the Shenyang dialect, a
variant of Northeastern Mandarin. The Shenyang dialect is
similar to the other Northeastern dialects and also to the national
standard of Mandarin, Putonghua, but has some words unique to
the city. Some people prefer to think of it as a strong accent
rather than a different dialect. Shenyang dialect is used heavily
by several famous skit actors such as Zhao
Benshan in their performance, and has become
a stereotype for northeast natives.
[edit]Art
Two northeast folk dances, Er Ren
Zhuan and Yang Ge, are very popular in Shenyang. Dawutai
Theatre is famous for its Er Ren Zhuan and Chinese skit
performances by Zhao Benshan and his students.
Shenyang is home of many performance art organizations, such
as Shenyang Acrobatic Troupe of China,[20] Liaoning Song
and Dance Ensemble [2], and Liaoning Ballet [3].
Many artists are from Shenyang, such as Zimei, Na
Ying and the pianist Lang Lang.
[edit]Museums
9.18 Incident Museum
· Liaoning Provincial Museum, the largest museum in
north-eastern China. The museum hold many relics from Manchuria's
past, including a selection of inscriptions
in Chinese and Khitan.
· Shenyang Steam Locomotive Museum, with 16 steam engines from
America, Japan, Russia, Belgium, Poland, Germany, Czechoslovakia
and China.
· The 9.18 Incident Museum, a museum in memory of Mukden
Incident. The museum has a shape of an opened calendar, and is
located on the site where the Japanese troops destroyed
the South Manchuria Railway, the prelude to the invasion of
Manchuria.
· The Xinle Relic, located on the location where the Xinle
civilisation was first discovered, containing a reconstructed
Xinle settlement and housing artefacts discovered there.
[edit]Sports
Shenyang is famous for its football tradition. The local
football team is the Liaoning F.C., in the Chinese Super
League. Another Chinese Super League team, Shenyang
Jinde moved to Changsha in 2007. Shenyang
Olympic Sports Centre Stadium was a venue for the football
preliminary of 2008 Summer Olympics.
Shenyang Sport University [4] is a famous professional
sports university in China. The university is the training base for
winter sports in China and has many Olympic champions.
[edit]Religion
· Taiqing Palace, a Taoist temple established in
1663
· Ci'en Temple, a Buddhist temple, first built
during Tang dynasty
· Royal Temple, a Tibetan Buddhist temple built in
1636 for Qing royal family
· Sheli Pagoda, a 33m high Buddhist pagoda erected in 1044
during Liao dynasty
[edit]Cuisine
Traditional meals in the region are Suan cai (also
called Chinese sauerkraut), stewed chicken and mushroom, and meat
pie. Korean food (such as rice cake and cold noodle)
is a part of Shenyangers' diet as there is a sizeable ethnic Korean
population in the city. Also, as the area was traditionally
occupied by Manchus, the cuisine in Shenyang was fundamentally
influenced by Manchu food.
Notable people
This article's list of residents may not follow
Wikipedia's verifiability or notability policies
reliable sources cited within this article showing they are
notable and residents or by incorporating the relevant publications
into the body of the article through
appropriate citations. (March 2011)
· Dr. Min Chiu Li, therapeutic scientist, Albert Lasker Medical
Research Award winner, Alfred Sloan Award in Cancer Research
winner
· Zhang Zuolin, Chinese/Manchurian politician
· Guo Songling, Chinese/Manchurian general working
with Zhang Xueliang
· Tetsuzo Fuyushiba, Japanese/Manchurian politician
· Gong Li, Singaporean/Chinese actress
· Na Ying, singer
· Lang Lang, pianist
· Ai Jing, singer
· Jing Boran, singer
· Zimei, artist and Guzheng player
· Rosamund Kwan, actress
· Seiji Ozawa, Japanese conductor
· Ma Lin, table-tennis player
· Wang Yongzhi, aerospace engineer and academic
· Jin Xing, dancer and actor
· Liu Dongsheng, geological and environmental engineer
· Luan Enjie, engineer, former Administrator of China National
Space Administration
· Chang Hsin-kang, professor, the former President of City
University of Hong Kong
· Lin Gengxin, actor known for his role in The Scarlet Heart
Tourism Attractions
· Mukden Palace: the former imperial palace of the
early Qing Dynasty. It is a UNESCO World Heritage
Site.
· Dongling: the tomb of the first Qing
emperor, Nurhaci.
· Beiling Park and Zhaoling: the tomb of the second
Qing emperor, Huang Taiji. The park covers an area of
3,300,000 sq. meters, and is serviced by trams for visitors
who do not wish to (or cannot) traverse the length of the park. It
is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
· World Horticulture Exposition garden: hosted
the International Horticultural Exposition in 2006.
· Qipan Mountain, Qipanshan: a recreation resort in the
east of Shenyang.
· Liaoning Provincial Museum: It displays a variety of artifacts
that include some of the earliest forms of writing known to
man.
· Shenyang Botanical Garden, a peaceful garden giving priority
to botanical research. The garden is located at Dongling District
of Shenyang, and covers an area of 211 ha. There are altogether
over 1700 kinds of plants, especially from the northeast
(Manchuria) region. There are also several large-scale flower
exhibitions every year: tulips in
May; peonies and irises in
June, lilies in July, dahlias in August,
and chrysanthemums in September.
· Shenyang Meteorite Mountain Park, located in the southeast of
Shenyang in Dongling district. The biggest meteorite lies
on the Huashitai Mountain of Lixiang County
of Dongling District, and it is 160 m long, 54 m wide, 42
high and about 2 million tons in weight. It is the oldest meteorite
in the world which was formed 4.5 billion years ago and fallen into
the Earth 1.9 billion years ago.
· Xiaonan Cathedral of Shenyang: the construction of the
cathedral started in 1875 and finished in 1878.
[edit]Shopping areas
Shopping and dining on Taiyuan Street
Shenyang has many shopping areas that provide people
necessities, luxuries and entertainments. One of the shopping
districts is Middle Street which is like the Fifth Avenue in New
York City. Middle Street features many western-style stores and
restaurants, including Wal-mart, Pizza Hut (which is
a fancy restaurant in Shenyang), Louis Vuitton flagship store,
Häagen-Dazs retail store, etc. The largest shopping mall in
Shenyang is also located on Middle Street, selling products from
all around the world.
Taiyuan Street(Chinese: 太原街)is another shopping area which
is similar to Middle Street. Taiyuan Street also features many
restaurants and theaters for people to enjoy. Many spend their
holidays shopping on these two streets.
There is also a very large underground shopping center, offering
lots of items, especially fashion jewelries, accessories and
clothing.
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Kaplan China has partnerships with more than 20 UK, Australian and
US universities that provide guaranteed placement to students who
successfully complete Kaplan's foundation programs.
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She can sue in the U.S., and put Kaplan out of business, if they
don’t fight it.
Critics Call for Closure of Kaplan University
Written by Matthew C. Keegan // 01/31/2011
// College News // 1
Comment
Founded in 1937 as the American Institute of Commerce, Kaplan
University is owned by the Washington Post Company and is
accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and
Schools. Yet, its accreditation and relationship with one of the
most powerful media companies in the world hasn’t kept the school
from being targeted for closure by critics who contend the school
has defrauded the federal government and students.
Online Petition
Critics say Kaplan U. is putting them deeply in debt.
A group of students has started a petition on Change.org to urge
the Washington Post Company to shut down the for-profit university,
alleging that the school and others like it have harmed “…millions
of…students, [who] end up victims of an industry that siphoned off
more than $4.3 billion dollars of federal student aid in 2008-2009
alone.”[1]
The petition was started by Shannon Croteau who says that she
was just 11 classes away from completing her degree with Kaplan
University Online, deeply in debt and unable to secure financial
aid. Croteau claims if she was to get her degree it would be
worthless in New Hampshire, her home state, with little chance of
securing the promised $65,000 paralegal position her education
would have provided she alleges Kaplan told her.
Croteau has been joined by about two dozen other students who
say they were educated by Kaplan. The students and petitioners are
asking that Washington Post Chairman Donald Graham stop admissions
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week after the petition was launched, 10,000 people have added
their names to the list. Each person who signs the online petition
generates an email to Graham
--
Center Stage for the 21st Century
Power Plays in the Indian Ocean
By Robert D. Kaplan
March/April 2009
Article Summary and Author Biography
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READING LIST
What to Read on Geopolitics
Geoffrey Sloan
An annotated Foreign Affairssyllabus on geopolitics.
AUTHOR INTERVIEW
Q&A With Robert Kaplan on Geopolitics in the Indian
Ocean
Robert D. Kaplan
Robert D. Kaplan answers questions submitted by readers about
the rising importance of the Indian Ocean.
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
Arms and Influence at Sea
Thomas Culora and Andrew Erickson
Surely this makes Somalia central to the equation in a very
interesting way?
Aly-Khan S. comments on
Center Stage for the 21st Century
8CommentsJoin
For better or worse, phrases such "the Cold War" and "the clash
of civilizations" matter. In a similar way, so do maps. The right
map can stimulate foresight by providing a spatial view of critical
trends in world politics. Understanding the map of Europe was
essential to understanding the twentieth century. Although recent
technological advances and economic integration have encouraged
global thinking, some places continue to count more than others.
And in some of those, such as Iraq and Pakistan, two countries with
inherently artificial contours, politics is still at the mercy of
geography.
So in what quarter of the earth today can one best glimpse the
future? Because of their own geographic circumstances, Americans,
in particular, continue to concentrate on the Atlantic and Pacific
Oceans. World War II and the Cold War shaped this outlook: Nazi
Germany, imperial Japan, the Soviet Union, and communist China were
all oriented toward one of these two oceans. The bias is even
embedded in mapping conventions: Mercator projections tend to place
the Western Hemisphere in the middle of the map, splitting the
Indian Ocean at its far edges. And yet, as the pirate activity off
the coast of Somalia and the terrorist carnage in Mumbai last fall
suggest, the Indian Ocean -- the world's third-largest body of
water -- already forms center stage for the challenges of the
twenty-first century.
The greater Indian Ocean region encompasses the entire arc of
Islam, from the Sahara Desert to the Indonesian archipelago.
Although the Arabs and the Persians are known to Westerners
primarily as desert peoples, they have also been great seafarers.
In the Middle Ages, they sailed from Arabia to China; proselytizing
along the way, they spread their faith through sea-based commerce.
Today, the western reaches of the Indian Ocean include the
tinderboxes of Somalia, Yemen, Iran, and Pakistan -- constituting a
network of dynamic trade as well as a network of global terrorism,
piracy, and drug smuggling. Hundreds of millions of Muslims -- the
legacy of those medieval conversions -- live along the Indian
Ocean's eastern edges, in India and Bangladesh, Malaysia and
Indonesia...
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Another area, Wu'ai Market, (simplified
Chinese: 五爱市场; traditional Chinese: 五愛市場), features
a large multi-story shopping center with a size comparable to that
of many city blocks. It contains hundreds, if not thousands, of
mini or boutique stores that open very early in the morning and
close in the early afternoon. It is famous for wholesaling cheap
clothes and household items.
The information technology center is in Sanhao street
(Chinese: 三好街), in the southern part of the city.
There are also many large superstores located throughout the
city that sell everything from meat and dairy to clothes and
electronics.
[edit]Research and education
Shenyang has one of the highest concentrations of educational
institutes in China. Roughly 30 colleges and universities and
numerous research and training institutions are located in
Shenyang.
[edit]Research
· Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences
· Shenyang Institute Of Automation ,Chinese Academy Of
Sciences
[High schools
· Liaoning Province Shiyan High School
· Shenyang No.2 Senior High School
· Northeast Yucai School, a school founded by the Japanese and
is still influenced by Japanese culture. It consists of various
departments, such as Nursing Garden, Elementary School, Junior High
School, and Senior High School.
·
[Colleges and universities
· Northeastern University (东北大学/東北大學)
· China Medical University (中国医科大学/中國醫科大學)
· Shenyang Agricultural University (沈阳农业大学/沈阳农业大学)
· Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
· Shenyang Aerospace University (沈阳航空航天大学/瀋陽航空
· Shenyang Jianzhu (Architectural)
University (沈阳建筑大学/瀋陽建築大學)
· Shenyang University of Chemical Technology
· Shenyang Institute of Chemical
Technology (沈阳化工大学/瀋陽化工學院)
· Shenyang Medical College (沈阳医学院)
· Shenyang Normal University (沈阳师范大学/瀋陽師範大學)
· Liaoning University (辽宁大学/遼寧大學)
· Shenyang Ligong University (沈阳理工大学/瀋陽理工大學)
· Shenyang University (沈阳大学/瀋陽大學)
· Shenyang University of Technology (沈阳工业大学/瀋陽工業大學)
· Shenyang Sport University (沈阳体育学院/瀋陽體育學院)
· Shenyang Institute of Engineering (沈阳工程学院/瀋陽工程學院)
· Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese
Medicine (辽宁中医药大学/遼寧中醫藥大學)
[edit]Defunct universities
FengYong University (Chinese: 馮庸大學): the first private
university in China that follows western setups funded by Mr Feng
Yong. It contains the departments of Engineering, Law and
Education.
[edit]International relations[edit]Consulates in Shenyang
Japan, Russia, South Korea, and the United States have
consulates in Shenyang's Heping District; North Korea has a
consulate in Huanggu District. France recently announced it will
open a consulate general's office in Shenyang.[2]
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in China
[edit]
http://wt.kaplan.com.cn/thread-735-120.html
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States sophomore?
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education path?
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courses?
· Kaplan University credit courses What are the advantages?
BY WHAT CRITERIA ARE U.S. universitIES ranked?
Many rankings, such as "U.S. News and World reports" (U.S. News
and World the Report), "Princeton reviews" (of The from Princeton
Review,), "Business Week" (the Business Week,), "Wall Street Daily"
(Wall, Street, of) each rank are unofficial, and the ranking
criteria are not the same.
Ranking is generally measured by the University's international
reputation. Professional ranking is to measure the
University's academic quality.
Ranking difference of 20 universities is not much difference in
the quality of undergraduate teaching.
D. SAT is important or TOEFL important?
TOEFL is a standard examination. TOEFL must pass the
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to the role. Therefore, we recommend that student’s first
security TOEFL Zaigong before the SAT.
To apply for American universities need to TOEFL results of how
many points?
When they go to high school they have to take ESL (they work the
devil of those kids), American universities will ask them to
provide TOEFL their scores from the Chinese high school in order to
apply for university. Each university's minimum TOEFL
standards are not the same.
The top 30 universities in general need a TOEFL score of at
least 100 points.
The first 30-120 ranked universities require a TOEFL score of at
least 75 points score ranging from 61 to 90 minutes minimum, as the
general situation.
American curriculum at Kaplan is helping students helicopter in
the United States University as a sophomore
University credit courses (USPP) by Kaplan in the introduction
of the Northeastern University credit courses, international
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students in the country to complete the first year of the American
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In addition, almost all professional members of the business,
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your chosing.
Climate in KUNMING
Located at an elevation of 1,890 m on the Yungui
Plateau with low latitude and high elevation, Kunming has one
of the mildest climates in China, characterized by short, cool dry
winters with mild days and crisp nights, and long, warm and humid
summers, but much cooler than the lowlands. The weather never gets
very hot in summer; the temperature has exceeded 30
°C (86 °F) only on a handful of occasions. However,
freak snowfalls occur in occasional winters. Controlled by
a subtropical highland climate (Köppen Cwb), average
highs are around 15 °C (59 °F) in winter
and 24 °C (75 °F) in summer. With its perpetual
spring-like weather, which provides the ideal climate for plants
and flowers, Kunming is known as the "City of Eternal Spring". The
city is covered with blossoms and lush vegetation all-year
round.[10] The period from May to October is the rainy season
and the rest of the year is dry. The city has a mean annual
rainfall of 1,010 millimeters (40 in), with an annual sunshine
period of 2,250 hours and an annual frost-free period of 230 days.
Extreme temperatures in the city have ranged from −7.8
°C (18 °F) to 32.2
°C (90 °F).[11]
[Climate data for Kunming (1971–2000)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Average high °C (°F)
15.4(59.7)
17.2(63.0)
20.7(69.3)
23.8(74.8)
24.4(75.9)
24.1(75.4)
24.0(75.2)
24.1(75.4)
22.7(72.9)
20.5(68.9)
17.5(63.5)
15.1(59.2)
20.8(69.4)
Average low °C (°F)
2.3(36.1)
3.6(38.5)
6.4(43.5)
10.1(50.2)
14.3(57.7)
16.7(62.1)
16.9(62.4)
16.2(61.2)
14.6(58.3)
11.9(53.4)
7.3(45.1)
3.1(37.6)
10.3(50.5)
Precipitation mm (inches)
15.8(0.622)
15.8(0.622)
19.6(0.772)
23.5(0.925)
97.4(3.835)
180.9(7.122)
202.2(7.961)
204.0(8.031)
119.2(4.693)
79.1(3.114)
42.4(1.669)
11.3(0.445)
1,011.3(39.815)
% humidity
68
63
58
59
68
78
83
82
81
79
77
73
72.4
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)
4.4
4.6
5.5
6.8
12.2
17.4
20.3
19.3
15.8
13.0
7.3
3.8
130.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours
224.5
219.6
255.4
244.8
212.2
135.0
124.3
144.9
123.5
143.7
169.8
200.0
2,197.6
Source: China Meteorological Administration
[edit]Natural resources
Mineral resources include phosphorus, salt, magnesium, titanium,
coal, quartz sand, clay, silica, copper. Phosphorus and salt mines
are the most plentiful. Proven reserves of phosphorus mine is 2,277
million tons. Kunyang Phosphorus Mine is one of the three
major phosphorusmines in the country. Rock
salt reserves are 1,222 million tons
and mirabilite reserves are 1,908 million
tons. Dongchuan is a major copper production base.
Proven reserves of Coal bed gas is about 500 billion
cubic meters, equal to 720 million tons of standard
coal.[12] Geothermal resources are widely
distributed.
[edit]Environment and horticulture
Kunming has 2,585 hectares of lawns, trees and flowers averaging
4.96 square meters per capita. The green space rate is 21.7%. The
city's smoke control area is 115 square kilometers and noise
control area 87 square kilometers.
Kunming is a significant horticultural center in China,
providing products such as grain, wheat, horsebeans, corn, potato
and fruit such as peaches, apples, oranges, grapes and chestnuts.
Kunming is world-famous for its flowers and flower-growing exports.
More than 400 types of flowers are commonly grown in Kunming.
The camellia, yulan magnolica, azalea, fairy
primrose, lily and orchid are known as the six
famous flowers of the city.
The camellia was confirmed by the Municipality of Kunming as its
city flower in 1983.
The Kunming city government plans to create an
environmental trial court to deal with
environment-related lawsuits. It is to be part of the city's
intermediate people's court and will
have jurisdiction over appeals by companies
that have been found guilty of violatingenvironmental laws in
cities throughout Yunnan province.[13]
[edit]Paleontology
Among Chinese fossils that were discovered in 2002 was
an important new invertebrate animal species
from Early Cambrian deposits atChengjiang near
Kunming. Didazoon haoae represented an entirely
new phylum of metazoans (multicellular
animals), the phylumVetulicolia. The specimen had a series of gill
slits, which suggested that this new group illustrates an early
stage in the diversification of thedeuterostomes, one of the major
animal divisions. Other deuterostome groups are
the chordates (which includes
the vertebrates),hemichordates, and echinoderms. Also
reported was a Devonian Chinese fossil fish, Styloichthys
changae, that has features linking
thelungfish to tetrapods (four-legged
vertebrates).
In 2004, newly discovered well-preserved soft-bodied fossils of
deuterostomes from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang deposits
near Kunming represented a new group of echinoderms (a group of
marine animals). Named vetulocystids, these deuterostomes were
a diversesuperphylum that included the chordates,
hemichordates, and echinoderms. The find shed some light on the
origin of the echinoderms. See also Myllokunmingia.
[edit]Demographics
Of the more than five million people registered as residents in
Kunming in 2006, more than four million were Han. The Yi
people were the most prominent minority in the city, with more
than 400,000 residents. The least-represented ethnic minority in
Kunming were the 75 Dulong people living in the city.
Registered ethnic populations of Kunming as of 2006:[14]
· Han (汉族): 4,383,500
· Yi (彝族): 400,200
· Hui (回族): 149,000
· Bai (白族): 73,200
· Miao (苗族): 46,100
· Lisu (傈僳族): 17,700
· Zhuang (壮族): 14,000
· Dai (傣族): 13,200
· Hani (哈尼族): 11,000
· Naxi (纳西族): 8,400
· Manchu (满族): 4,800
· Buyei (布依族): 3,400
· Mongol (蒙古族): 2,500
· Lahu (拉祜族): 1,700
· Tibetan (藏族): 1,500
· Yao (瑶族): 1,100
· Jingpo (景颇族): 1,100
· Va (佤族): 1,000
· Blang (布朗族): 441
· Primi (普米族): 421
· Sui (水族): 294
· Achang (阿昌族): 263
· Nu (怒族): 156
· Jino (基诺族): 135
· Derung (独龙族): 75
[edit]Cityscape
This section may require cleanup to meet
Wikipedia's quality standards. No cleanup reasonhas
been specified. Please help improve this section if you
can. (July 2010)
Kunming Square
The city center has three major squares and five major streets:
Jinma Biji Square, Nanping Square and Dongfeng Square along with
Nanping Jie, Jinbi Lu, Renmin Lu, Zhengyi Lu and Jingxin Jie.
Qingnian Lu, Zhengyi Lu, and Renmin Lu are the main commercial
areas in Kunming; the most popular pedestrian streets are Nanping
Jie, Jingxing Birds-Flowers' Market, and Jinma Biji Fang.
Kunming's public focus is the huge square outside the Workers'
Cultural Hall at the Beijing Lu-Dongfeng Lu intersection, where in
the mornings there are crowds doing taijiquan and
playingbadminton. Weekend amateur theatre are also performed in the
square. Rapidly being modernized, the city's true center is west of
the square across the adjacent Panlong River (now more of
a canal), outside the Kunming Department Store at the Nanping
Lu/Zhengyi Lu crossroads, a densely crowded shopping precinct
packed with clothing and electronics stores. The river is polluted,
black and oily. Surrounding the area are plenty of new
high-rises.
The center is an area of importance to
Kunming's Hui population, with Shuncheng Jie, one of the
last old streets in the center of the city, previously forming a
Muslim quarter. Until shortly before 2005, this street was full of
wind-dried beef and mutton carcasses, pitta bread and raisin
sellers, and huge woks of roasting coffee beans being earnestly
stirred with shovels. Under Kunming's rapid modernisation, however,
the street has been demolished to make way for apartments and
shopping centers. Rising behind a supermarket one block north off
Zhengyi Lu, Nancheng Qingzhen Si is the city's new mosque, its
green dome and chevron-patterned minaret visible from afar and
built on the site of an earlier Qing edifice.
Running west off Zhengyi Jie just past the mosque, Jingxing Jie
leads into one of the more bizarre corners of the city, with
Kunming's huge Bird and Flower Market convening daily in the
streets connecting it with the northerly, parallel Guanghua Jie.
The market offers many plants such as orchids that have
been collected and farmed across the province. In the small grounds
of Wen Miao, a now vanished Confuciantemple off the
western end of Changchun Lu, there is an avenue of pines, an
ancient pond and pavilion, and beds of bamboo, azaleas and potted
palms-a quiet place where old men play chess and drink tea.
Jinbi Lu runs roughly parallel to and south of Dongfeng Lu,
reached from Beijing Lu. Two large Chinese pagodas rise
in the vicinity, each a solid thirteen storeys of whitewashed brick
crowned with four iron cockerels. The West Pagoda was built between
824 and 859, during theTang Dynasty; its original counterpart, the
East Pagoda, was built at the same time, but was destroyed by an
earthquake in 1833 and rebuilt in the same Tang style in 1882.
South down Dongsi Jie, past another mosque, the entrance to
the West Pagoda is along a narrow lane on the right. In
the tiny surrounding courtyard, sociable idlers while away sunny
afternoons playing cards and sipping tea in the peaceful,
ramshackle surroundings. The East Pagoda is a more
cosmetic, slightly tilted duplicate standing in an ornamental
garden a few minutes' walk east on Shulin Jie. The temples
associated with both pagodas are closed to the public.
Central Kunming
[edit]Parks
Cuihu Park (Green Lake Park) is one of Kunming's major park
and is predominately a lake surrounded by greenery. It has a large
and elaborate network of waterways and winding paths, with broad,
lotus-covered pools and overhanging willows. It is a place where
thousands exercise, do taijiquan, sing and feed the flocks
of black-headed gulls. Located in the west side of the park is
the statue of one of Yunnan's most famous patriots - Nie Er,
the composer of China's national anthem.
Daguan Park lies on Dian Chi in Kunming's
southwestern limits. Originally laid out by the energetic
seventeenth-century Qing emperor Kangxi, it has been modified
over the years to include a noisy funfair, food stalls and
emporiums, and is a favourite haunt of Kunming's youth.
Kunming's zoo, founded in 1950, is adjoined to Yuantong
Park. The zoo houses 5,000 animals from 140 species and receives 3
million visitors a year.[15]
Other parks in Kunming include Black Dragon Pool, and
the Kunming Botanical Gardens in the north,
and Wenmiao Tea Garden in Wuhua District.
[edit]Landmarks
The "Garden of the World Horticultural Exposition", located in
the northern suburbs of Kunming, is six kilometers from central
Kunming. From May 1 to October 31, 1999, Kunming held the 1999
World Horticulture Exposition, with the theme of "Man and
Nature-Marching Toward the 21st Century". In the garden, visitors
can see gardening and horticultural works from all over China and
East Asia. All the horticultural works in the garden concentrate on
the theme of "Man and Nature", with pavilions, towers, terraces,
banks, islets and bridges.
The "Golden Hall Scenic Zone", located on the Mingfeng Hill in
the northern suburbs of Kunming, is eight kilometers from central
Kunming. Constructed in 1602 (the 30th year of
the Wanli reign period of the Ming Dynasty), all of its
beans, pillars, arches, doors, windows, tiles, Buddhist statues,
and horizontal inscribed boards are made of copper, weighing more
than 200 tons. It is the largest copper building in China.
There are two major museums in Kunming, Yunnan Provincial
Museum and Kunming City Museum. A third which opened in
November 2006, is the Kunming Natural History Museum of
Zoology. Completed in 1995 is the Yunnan Ethnology Museum.
Yuantong Temple, the largest Buddhist complex in Kunming
Yuantong Si is northern Yunnan's major Buddhist temple and
an active place of pilgrimage. It is Kunming's largest and most
famous temple with the original structure being first constructed
more than 1,200 years ago during the Tang Dynasty. The temple
sits on the southern slopes of Yuantong Park. Northwest about
12 km from the city center is the Qiongzhu
Si (Bamboo Temple) built in 639 and rebuilt in 1422 to
1428.
Huating Temple (华亭寺) in theWestern Hills near
Kunming
South Asian Gate will be Kunming's first
supertall skyscaper.
[edit]Administrative divisions
See also: List of administrative divisions of Yunnan
The prefecture-level city of Kunming has jurisdiction over 14
subdivisions; five districts, one county-level city, five counties
and three autonomous counties.
Kunming is bounded by Qujing City to the
east, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture to the
southeast and Yuxi City to the southwest, Chuxiong
Yi Autonomous Prefecture to the west andZhaotong City to
the northeast. Kunming also borders
with Panzhihua prefecture level city andLiangshan Yi
Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan province.
Kunming plans to add two new districts to its existing four
urban districts (Panlong, Wuhua, Guandu, Xishan) over the next few
years.
Map
#
Name
Hanzi
Hanyu Pinyin
Population(2003 est.)
Area (km²)
Density(/km²)
City Proper
1
Panlong District
盘龙区
Pánlóng Qū
600,000
340
1,765
2
Wuhua District
五华区
Wǔhuá Qū
810,000
398
2,036
Suburban
3
Guandu District
官渡区
Guāndù Qū
750,000
552
1,359
4
Xishan District
西山区
Xīshān Qū
850,000
791
1,075
Satellite cities and district
5
Dongchuan District
东川区
Dōngchuān Qū
300,000
1,674
179
6
Anning City
安宁市
Ānníng Shì
270,000
1,313
206
Rural
7
Chenggong County
呈贡县
Chénggòng Xiàn
160,000
541
296
8
Jinning County
晋宁县
Jìnníng Xiàn
270,000
1,391
194
9
Fumin County
富民县
Fùmín Xiàn
140,000
1,030
136
10
Yiliang County
宜良县
Yíliáng Xiàn
410,000
1,880
218
11
Songming County
嵩明县
Sōngmíng Xiàn
340,000
1,442
236
12
Shilin Yi Autonomous County
石林彝族 自治县
Shílín Yízú Zìzhìxiàn
230,000
1,777
129
13
Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County
禄劝彝族苗族自治县
Lùquàn Yízú Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn
450,000
4,378
103
14
Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County
寻甸回族彝族自治县
Xúndiàn Huízú Yízú Zìzhìxiàn
500,000
3,966
126
[edit]Society and culture
[edit]Leisure and entertainment
Within Kunming, the entertainment district has its focus around
Kunming Square, with many cinemas, bars, clubs and restaurants.
Eating out is the main pleasure after dark in Kunming. Food aside,
one feature of less formal Yunnanese restaurants is that
they often have a communal bamboo water pipe and tobacco for their
customers. Nightlife has improved recently, thanks to rising
incomes and tourist population. There are plenty of student bars
and clubs. The city has several operatic troupes and indigenous
entertainments which includehuadeng, a lantern dance. Although
indoor performances are lacking, there are often informal shows at
the weekend outside the Workers' Cultural Hall and in Cuihu Park.
There are similar shows at the Yunnan Arts Theater on Dongfeng Xi
Lu. Kunming's main cinema house is on the south side of the
Dongfeng Lu/Zhengyi Lu intersection. The other main multiplex, the
XJS, at the junction of Wenlin Jie and Dongfeng Xi Lu.
[edit]Arts
In October 2006, artists from China, Taiwan, the US, Canada,
Japan and elsewhere adopted a constitution for the newly
formedInternational Folk Arts and Craft Union (IFACU). The
stated mission of IFACU is to organize and promote cooperation
among the world's artists to promote and preserve folk arts and
crafts. The organization will be based in Kunming, ostensibly
because of the ethnic diversity in Yunnan and the variety
of folk art and crafts found throughout the province. The
first IFACU general assembly is scheduled to take place in Kunming
sometime in 2008.
[edit]Art galleries
· YunArt Gallery, highlights leading and up-and-coming artists
from Yunnan.[16]
· TCG Nordica, an international art gallery and culture centre
situated in the heart of the artist community at Chuang Ku/LOFT in
Kunming.[5]
[edit]Language
Further information: Kunming dialect
The Kunming dialect is very similar to that of Sichuan and
Guizhou but uses the third tone much less than standard Chinese.
Many terms are used only in Kunming dialect, such as 板扎 meaning
'terrific'.
[edit]Cuisine
Kunming at night
Kunming's cuisine is distinctly Yunnanese and combines
fresh ingredients afforded by the moderate climate with mild herbs
and spices giving its cooked dishes sufficient flavour but lacking
the pungency associated with food from other regions of the
country. The city's climate fosters the growth of literally
hundreds of species of mushroom which are consequently a
predominant feature of many dishes. There are other
regional Chinese cuisines, with a few upmarket restaurants
serving international dishes. Back lanes running north off Dongfeng
Xi Lu or Jinbi Lu have the famous stalls and restaurants where the
locals offer specialties such as grilled cheese, hotpots, fried
snacks rolled in chilli powder, loaves of meat-stuffed soda bread,
and rich duck and chicken casseroles. The special dish of Kunming
is guò qiáo mĭxiàn, a boiling, chicken soup with rice noodles under
a very thin layer of oil. Raw meat and vegetables are added by the
consumer to ensure the ingredients are fresh and the ingredients
will be cooked in the hot soup since the cut of the raw meat and
vegetables are extremely thin. The legend behind "crossing bridge
noodles" involves a student studying for the imperial exam (which
was given once per year). He went to study on an island a short way
from his wife and village. Every day his wife would bring him food,
but because of the distance (she had to cross a bridge) the food
would get cold. The student's wife figured out that by layering the
broth with oil, she could keep the food hot.
Some of the most famous Kunming food is as follows:
· Over the Bridge Rice Noodles Guo qiao mi
xian 过桥米线
· Steam Potted Chicken 气锅鸡
· Er Kuai (Rice Cake)
· Smoked Smelly Bean Curd, a popular night stall snack 臭豆腐
· The Eight Treasures of Yunnan, a type of stuffed cake
[edit]Sports
Every year, many Chinese and international athletes come to
Kunming for high-altitude training. The city has been China's
national high-elevation training base for more than 30 years. There
are two major training complexes, Hongta Sports Center and Haigeng
National Training Center.[17]
Haigeng National Training Center is located on Lake Dianchi near
Kunming's award-winning Lakeview Golf Club and new condominium
developments, and is relatively isolated. It contains eight
basketball courts, weight rooms, indoor and outdoor tennis courts,
a dozen football pitches, two running tracks, a pool for swimming
and one for diving. It also has a large snooker hall, a room for
table tennis and a volleyball gym. Athletes, coaches and team
managers stay onsite in the complex's many dormitories and hotel
rooms.[17]
Hongta Sports Center was built in 2000 by one of Yunnan's
largest corporations Hongta cigarette company with a cost of US$58
million. Near Haigeng Park, the complex is mostly used by
professional athletes but also acts as a sports club for the
general public. The general public can use all of its extensive
facilities and every weekend, it hosts amateur football matches.
Aside from about 10 football pitches, including one surrounded by a
running track, Hongta also has a 50 m swimming pool, a badminton
gymnasium, tennis courts and a basketball court. It also has one of
China's few ice hockey rinks, and a workout room with treadmills
and weightlifting machines. There are also game rooms for air
hockey and pool tables, and a basement bowling alley. Hongta also
has a 101-room hotel and restaurant.[17]
[edit]Golf
Golf is a major attraction in Kunming. There are
four golf courses within an hour's drive of downtown. For
the last six years, Spring City Golf and Lake Resort in
nearby Yiliang County has reigned as the best golf course in China
and Hong Kong according to US Golf Digest. In 2004, it was
named Asia's best golf resort by Asian Golf
Monthly.[9] It hosts the Kunming Leg of the Omega China
Tour.
Kunming has attracted foreign investment in golf course
development. "Spring City" Golf Resort is a US$600 million project
that began as an investment led by Singapore's Keppel Land Group in
1992. Today it is not only ranked by some as China's top golf
course, but also one of the top golf destinations in all of Asia.
Much of this is attributable to Keppel's financial backing in
addition to having golf legend Jack Nicklaus and eminent
golf course designer Robert Trent Jones, Jr design the
two courses.[9]
[edit]Sport facilities
Major sports facilities include:
· Tuodong Sports Center, a multi-purpose venue
· Golf: Spring City Golf and Lake Resort, its 'Mountain
Course' was designed by Jack Nicklaus
· Lakeview Golf Villa
· Cuihu Park tennis courts
· Kunming Municipal Athletic Center
· Kunming Gymnasium
· Yunnan Provincial Stadium, home to Hongta Yunnan Football
Club
· Wuhua District Stadium
[edit]Media
Hong Kong China International and Dianchi National Tourist
Resort will jointly invest and construct a new television and film
base in Kunming. The Kunming TV, Film and New Media Industry Base
(昆明影视与新媒体产业基地) or "Dream City" will be built by a joint venture
created for the project with an investment of three billion yuan
(US$418 million) allocated for the base's first phase, which will
cover three square kilometers. The base will feature television and
film studios, shooting stages and equipment, state-of-the-art
production facilities andvideo game production, and a film
school established by Peking University and Beijing
Film Academy.The whole project is expected to be completed by 2013
with a total investment of 17 billion yuan ($2.3 billion).[18]
[edit]Film festivals
· BigScreen Festival (or "BigScreen Italia"), focuses on
Chinese and Italian cinema
· Yunnan Mulicultural Visual Festival ("Yunfest"), focuses on
Chinese documentaries in Yunnan [6]
· Kunming Anime Festival
[edit]Tourism
Panlong Jiang River
Kunming attracts domestic and foreign tourists all year round.
At the center of Yunnan province and as its capital,
Kunming is also a transport hub for tourists heading to
other parts of Yunnan such
as Dali,Lijiang and Shangrila.
Over 24 million domestic tourists visited Kunming in 2007, with
800,000 foreign tourists visiting annually.[19] Kunming's
total revenue from tourism in 2007 was 16.8 billion yuan, an
increase of 8.0% over 2006.
Kunming hosts the China International Travel
Mart every two years.
Conference and exhibition venues in Kunming include the Kunming
International Convention and Exhibition Center and the Yunnan
Provincial Science and Technology Hall.
[edit]List of tourist attractions
· Kingdom of the Little People, a theme park featuring
performers with dwarfism, is also located near
Kunming.[20]
[edit]Economy
Kunming industrial zone on the west coast of the Lake Dian
Kunming has three distinct economic advantages over other cities
in southwest China: abundant natural resources, a booming
local consumer market and the mildest climate in the
region. Kunming's economy was ranked 12th of all Chinese cities
in
Due to its position at the geographical center of Yunnan, one of
China's largest producers of agricultural products, minerals
and hydroelectric power, Kunming is the main commercial hub
for most of the province's vast resources.
Kunming's chief industries
are copper, lead and zinc production.
Its iron and steel industry has been greatly
expanded. Salt and phosphate mines around
Kunming are some of the largest in China. Yunnan Copper
Company Limited, based in Kunming, is one of Yunnan's largest
mining corporations. From the late 1970s, Kunming's main industries
also came to include food and tobacco processing and the
manufacture of construction equipment and machines.
In May 1995, the State Council approved Kunming as an
Open City. By the end of that year, the city had approved 929
overseas-funded enterprises with a total investment of 2.286
billion US dollars including 1.073 billion U.S. dollars of foreign
capital. More than 40 projects each had an investment of more than
nine million U.S. dollars.
Kunming is also a center of engineering and the
manufacture of machine tools, electrical
machinery, equipment and automobiles (including
heavy goods vehicles= truck with a gross combination
mass (GCM) of over
3,500 kilograms (7,716 lb).
). It has a major chemical industry, as well
as plastics, cement works
and textile factories. Its many processing plants,
which
include tanneries, woodworking and papermaking factories,
use local agricultural products. In 1997, Yunnan Tire Co.
opened a tire plant in Kunming, with a capacity to produce two
million tires per year.
Because of its location in the southwest of China, Kunming
missed out on China's rapid economic growth in the 1990s. However,
the city has recently received renewed attention, becoming an
international commercial hub for South and Southeast Asia. The
Kunming economic authorities are active participants in
the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), promoting trade
throughout China, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar,Thailand, Singapore and Vietnam.
Several railroads and highways have been planned to connect
Kunming to areas of Thailand, Vietnam and Laos, providing access to
seaports.
In 2006, the Chinese government approved a 2912 km oil
pipeline to be built from the Indian Ocean coastal town
of Sittwe, Myanmar to Kunming. This pipeline will carry
African and Middle Eastern petroleum to China, bypassing some oil
shipments through the Strait of Malacca and
the South China Sea. The pipeline will cut oil transport time
by two weeks. In addition, Kunming is also said to be the site for
an oil refinery for the incoming oil.
[edit]Development zones
Kunming has two major development zones, Kunming High-tech
Industrial Development Zone (biological medicine, new
materials, electronic information, photoelectron, agriculture)
and Kunming Economic and Technology Development
Zone (mechanical equipment production, biological science and
food industry, information industry, software).
Kunming Economic & Technology Development Zone
First established in 1992, Kunming Economic & Technology
Development Zone is a national-level zone approved by State
Council. Kunming is located in east-central Yunnan province with
preferential location. After several years' development, the zone
has formed its pillar industries, which include tobacco processing,
machinery manufacturing, electronic information, and
biotechnology.[21]
Kunming High-tech Industrial Development Zone
The Kunming High-tech Industrial Development Zone (KMHNZ), is a
state-level high-tech industrial zone established in 1992 to the
northwest of downtown Kunming. It is administratively part of
Kunming City. It has covers an area of 9 square kilometres
(3.5 sq mi). KMHNZ is located in the northwest part of
Kunming city, with 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from Kunming Railway
Station, and 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Kunming Wujiaba
International Airport.[22]
[edit]Industrial parks
There are 30 key industrial parks promulgated and recognized
by National Development and Reform Commission in Yunnan
Province.[23]
The largest include:
· Chenggong Industrial Park
· Anning Industrial Park
· Songming Yanglin Industrial Development Zone
· Dongchuan Special Industrial Park
· Xundian Special Industrial Park
· Kunming Haikou Industrial Park
[edit]Statistics
For the fiscal year of 2009,[24]
· Kunming's gross domestic product (GDP) was 180.9 billion
yuan;
· Fixed asset investment was 160.1 billion yuan;
· Real estate investment was 36.9 billion yuan;
· Retail sales was 86.5 billion yuan;
· Per capita disposable income within Kunming's urban areas grew
to 16,496 yuan;
· Kunming's average farmer outside of the city earned 5,080
yuan.
[edit]Companies
As of 2008, Kunming is home to 65 of the Top 100 Enterprises in
Yunnan Province. The top 100 enterprises were based on their
revenues for 2007. Hongta Group, with revenues of
some RMB39.88 billion for 2007 topped the list,
while Hongyun Group took the third place with revenues of
RMB39.23 billion. The tobacco sector remains the largest
sector in the province.
Top 10
Top 10 Kunming-based companies, according to Yunnan Provincial
Enterprise Association:[25] (company; annual operating revenue;
primary business)
1. Hongta Group (红塔集团): 40,798,100,000 yuan; tobacco
Carol Wu HR in Shenyang., and SUNNY her aid.
http://www.kaplan.com.cn/html/sp/AboutUS/ContactsUs/
2. Preparatory Overseas Courses, Southwestern University of
Finance and Economics :
3.
Kaplan Higher Education (China) Headquarters Address: 4th
Flor, Building 6,1107 Yuyuan RD, Shanghai 200050
China Business
cooperation: [email protected] Tel:(021)32507110
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QingdaoTel: (0532)82031590 / 82031591Fax:
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(215006)Tel: (0512)65155088Fax:
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West Xianjiahu Road, High-tech Development Zone,
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Address: 11th Floor, Room 1109 No. 88 Huang Xing Middle Road,
Changsha (410 005) Tel: (0731)82566298 / 84303035 /
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Shenyang Campus - International Exchange Center, Liaoning
Experimental High School Address: International Exchange
Center, Liaoning Experimental High School No. 89 South Huanghe
Street, Huanggu District, ShenyangTel: (024)86853056 /
86853057Email: [email protected]
Kunming Campus - Kunming International Division, Kunming No. 3
Middle School Address: 131 Shulin Street, Kunming No. 3 Middle
School Kunming Tel:
(0871)3178116Email: [email protected]
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