12 – Canada’s Terrestrial Ecozones – CGC 1D1 What is an ECOZONE? They are large geographic zones that can be defined by the characteristics within them. How many Ecozones are there in Canada? Terrestrial Ecozones: Marine Ecozones: What Characteristics do we use to define an Ecozone? (6) The Ecozones: 1-Boreal Shield: Largest ecozone in Canada (reaches across Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec and Newfoundland Glaciers responsible for wetlands, lakes in the area Many diverse landscapes Variety of Wildlife and Vegetation 2-Atantic Maritime: Comprises the Maritime Provinces Very high precipitation rates – home to the most storms in all of Canada New Brunswick is densely forested Forestry, fisheries, agriculture 3-Artic Cordillera: Northern Nunavut, including sections of Baffin Island and Ellesmere Island NAME:
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12 – Canada’s Terrestrial Ecozones – CGC 1D1
What is an ECOZONE? They are large geographic zones that can be defined by the characteristics within them.
How many Ecozones are there in Canada?
Terrestrial Ecozones: Marine Ecozones:
What Characteristics do we use to define an Ecozone? (6)
The Ecozones:
1-Boreal Shield:
Largest ecozone in Canada (reaches across Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec and Newfoundland
Glaciers responsible for wetlands, lakes in the area
Many diverse landscapes
Variety of Wildlife and Vegetation
2-Atantic Maritime:
Comprises the Maritime Provinces
Very high precipitation rates – home to the most storms in all of Canada
New Brunswick is densely forested
Forestry, fisheries, agriculture
3-Artic Cordillera:
Northern Nunavut, including sections of Baffin Island and Ellesmere Island
Most inhospitable ecozone
Little to no vegetation
About 1,000 permanent residents, mostly Inuit
NAME:
Too harsh for reptiles, amphibians or insects
4-Northern Arctic:
Northern Nunavut and NWT
Coldest and driest ecozone
Total permafrost, which can extend to over 1km in thickness
Little vegetation
5-Southern Arctic:
Northern edge of continental NWT and northern Quebec
Landscape formed through glaciation
The tree line is at the very south edge of this ecozone
Population is around 10,000
6-Taiga Shield:
Stretches eastward from NWT to Quebec
Part of the Canadian Shield, with some of the world’s oldest rock deposits
Landforms include wetlands, shrub lands and forests
No national parks
“Taiga” – Boreal (sub-arctic) or Snow Forest
7-Taiga Plains:
Centred along the Mackenzie River
Population is around 22,000
Mining, forestry
8-Boreal Plains:
Population around 750,000 scattered in small communities
Canada’s oil and gas industry
Located in the northern sections of Prairie provinces
Rocky Mountains create rainshadow effect
9-Prairie:
Southern Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba
Major land use is agriculture
80% of the population resides in cities
Glaciers formed landscape – the “Bread Basket” created when an inland lake dried up leaving fertile land
10-Taiga Cordillera:
Along the border between Yukon and NWT
Most northern section of the Rocky Mountains
Landforms consist of mountains and valleys
11-Boreal Cordillera:
Southern Yukon and northern B.C.
Mining is a primary industry, starting with Klondike Gold Rush
Landforms include mountains, plateaus and valleys
12-Pacific Maritime:
BC’s west coast
Wettest weather and tallest trees in Canada
Climate is dictated by Pacific Ocean
Glaciers found in high elevations
13-Montane Cordillera:
Southern BC and western Alberta
Most diverse ecozone because of its two mountain ranges
Susceptible to orographic (relief) precipitation
National parks include Banff and Jasper
14-Hudson Plains:
Area surrounding Hudson Bay
Large system of natural wetlands
Large vegetation (trees) found only at higher and drier elevations
15-Mixedwood Plains:
Southern Ontario and Quebec
Most heavily populated ecozone
Smallest ecozone
Major land use is agriculture
Highly changeable weather patterns
Terrestrial
Ecozones ofCanada
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