Quarter One Quarterly Study Guide 1. How are branches of science Similar: All Scientists follow the Scientific Method and or inquiry process. They make observations followed by research, hypothesis, and experimentation, analyze and conclude their results, and communicate their findings. Each discipline may use different tools to study, however they follow similar experimentation steps. 2. What is the difference between replication and repetition? Scientists also have to “check their work.” The results of an investigation are not likely to be well accepted unless it is repeated many times. Each time the results must be the same. This process is called repetition. If research results can be repeated by the researcher, it means they are more likely to be correct. If, in the repeated trials the answers do not agree, they are likely to be incorrect. Scientists repeat their trials many times before they submit their findings to their peers. It is the scientist’s peers who will conduct even more trials. While the original researcher repeats his trials many times, that’s not enough for an idea to be accepted. It is the job of other scientists to replicate the original findings. 3. What are the variables, controls and constants in an experiment? Control: What is used to COMPARE the results to? It is the variable in which no independent variable has been applied. Variable: Anything that changes in an experiment. There are 2 types: Independent: What you change on purpose (cause) Dependent: What you observe changing, or What you measure/observe (effect) Constant: Anything that stays the same in an experiment to make sure that only the Independent Variable is being changed. 4. Where can I find the independent and dependent variable on a graph?