Web Technology in the 21st Century Bertram C. Bruce Library & Information Science Univ. of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign
Jan 02, 2016
Web Technology in the 21st Century
Bertram C. BruceLibrary & Information Science
Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Outline
1) The problem of knowledge in health care
2) New ICT's 3) Knowledge transfer4) Inquiry model for knowledge5) Community inquiry laboratories
1) Problem of knowledge in health care
• Globalization• Environmental quality• Working conditions• Poverty• Literacy• New technologies for
– prevention, diagnosis, & treatment– for information and communication
Research versus practice
• Knowledge vs. application• Science vs. ordinary knowledge• Producer vs. consumer• Technology developer vs. user• Knowledge as output vs. knowledge as
input
2) New information and communication technologies
Think of it [Mosaic] as a map to the buried treasures of the Information Age. / A new software program available free to companies and individuals is helping even novice computer users find their way around the global Internet / … an applications program so different and so obviously useful that it can create a new industry from scratch. --Dec. 8, 1993, John Markoff, New York Times
Telesurgery
• doctors in NY remove a gall bladder in Strasbourg• use joysticks & voice commands to direct robotic arms
holding an endoscopic camera & surgical instruments• watch their work on monitors• transoceanic, fiber-optic line connects the control
console to the robot
Bandwidth: The Matrix
• standard telephone modem: 171 hours
• ISDN line: 74 hours• cable modem or DSL:
25 hours• T1: 6.5 hours• Internet2: 30
seconds
In the future already
Science fiction itself has remained the same. We have caught up to it...We are a science-fiction generation. – Ray Bradbury We can’t think far enough ahead anymore. – Ron Shusett
Internet bookmobile
• millions of books: Project Gutenberg, Liber Liber. the Million Book Project
• satellite download• print on demand• high-speed binder
Access in India
• Hole-in-the-wall computer• Simputer• 1 million Internet kiosks
3) Knowledge transfer models
Repository =>
Dissemination =>
Inquiry (knowledge construction)
• a cycle of asking, investigating, creating, discussing, and reflecting; each question leads to further questions
• dialogue (two-way communication)• learning connected to life• active learning based on the learner's
purpose
Inquiry model
• Resources for inquiry teaching & learning
• Support for communities
• Tools for everyday problem-solving (personal websites, to-do lists, events calendars, …)
4) The Inquiry Page
5) Community inquiry laboratory
what happens when a community uses ICTs to engage in collaborative inquiry and to interact with other communities
a) Research and education on waterb) Community technology centersc) Spiritual health pland) Paseo Boricuae) Hull-House
a) Research and education on water
Saris and cholera
• Cholera kills tens of thousands of people/year
• Rita Colwell: copepods harbor the bacterium; 200-500x larger
• a folded sari cloth can remove the plankton
• 65 Bangladesh villages; cholera reduced by half
• effective as nylon filters• less diarrhea, cheap and
convenient, easily adopted
b) Community technology centers
c) Sisternet
• African-American women• low-income community• use of Prairienet• workshops run by members of the
community• identifying information &
communication needs
“Spiritual health plan”
For the Create section --
I would like to accomplish the following goals: Once each week I would like to take at least four (4) hours of the weekend for my own enjoyment. This will include, but is not limited to, things like: going to the beauty shop, going out to dinner or to the movies with my husband, reading my Bible or some other book, or just praying or meditating. … I also will let my family know that I love and support them...
d) Paseo Boricua
Puerto Rican community, Chicago
• Pedro Albizu Campos alternative school• Paseo Boricua Community Library• Puerto Rican Cultural Center • Batey Urbano– all-ages, no-alcohol club,
featuring theater, poetry, and live music• SIDA, diabetes, hypertension• park with polluted lake
e) Hull-House
Jane Addams
• kindergarten & day care facilities
• an employment bureau
• an art gallery• libraries• English & citizenship
classes• theater, music, & art
classes
• a Labor Museum• the Jane Club for
single working girls• meeting places for
trade union groups• a wide array of
cultural events
Questions
• How do people construct knowledge to address their needs?
• How do forces of unity and diversity operate in the development of communitites?
• How do knowledge, technology, and community co-evolve?
Active participation
No matter how ignorant a person is, there is one thing he knows better than anybody else, and that is where the shoes pinch on his own feet....every individual must be consulted in such a way, actively not passively, that he himself becomes part of the process of authority…that his needs and wants have a chance to …count in determining social policy. .
--Dewey, Democracy & Education
Participatory inquiry
aims to respond to human needs by democratic processes. Through creation of content, contributions to interactive elements, and incorporation into practice, users are not merely recipients of technology, but participate actively in its ongoing development.
Library
a collection organized for use =>
a system to support community inquiry
Conclusions
• provision of health information => active, two-way, co-construction of knowledge
• citizens use technologies to develop healthy communities
• new literacy skills develop along through meaningful problem solving
• community inquiry provides a framework for democratic change
Further information
• inquiry.uiuc.edu• www.uiuc.edu/~chip• [email protected]• Literacy in the Information Age:
Inquiries into Meaning Making with New Technologies (International Reading Association, March 2003)
El extremo
Malaria and mosquito nets
• 300 million malaria cases/year; 1 million deaths
• Anopheles mosquito feeds at night • treated mosquito nets can reduce infant
mortality by 27% and cut the number of illnesses in half (Tanzania)
• $4.30
Online sources
• WebMD–web-based, news-style articles, commercial
• PubMed (NLM)–12 million MEDLINE citations and life science journals; links to sites with full texts
• Blogs• Email groups
3) Knowledge transfer
New digital tools
Computer-mediated work
Ubiquitous computing