WEB LINK STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF PRIVATE ......These are also backlinks, but not as powerful as inbound links. • Any link in the categories mentioned above can -- at the webmaster's

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International Journal of Library & Information Science (IJLIS) Volume 5, Issue 3, Sep–Dec 2016, pp. 54–76, Article ID: IJLIS_05_03_005

Available online at

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ISSN Print: 2277-3533 and ISSN Online: 2277-3584

© IAEME Publication

WEB LINK STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF PRIVATE

UNIVERSITIES WEBSITES IN INDIA: A STUDY

S. Dhanalakshmi

Research Scholar, External Part-Time Ph. D, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore,

Librarian, N.K.T. National College of Education for Women, Chennai, India

Dr. P. Nageswara Rao

Head - Knowledge Centre, Society for Electronic Transactions and Security (SETS),

MGR Knowledge City, CIT Campus, Chennai, India

ABSTRACT

The Internet and web technologies created a new and unprecedented environment to

governments, businesses, educational institutions and individuals enabling them to webcast any

information using multimedia tools. The web can provide information about anything, anyone, and

anywhere. It has also changed the concepts of “time-honored” and scholarly visits to physical

libraries with desktop access to library resources and services available virtually. Out of 741

universities are functioning in India, their exists 228 private universities comprises of 192 were

established in the 21st Century i.e. after the year 2001. There are 124 Arts and Science universities.

It is followed by Engineering (56, 24.6%); Medicine (11, 4.8%) and others (37, 16.2%). Among the

228 universities 76 (33.30%) universities are having a domain name as .ac.in. It is followed by

edu.in 65 (28.5%).in 26 (11.40%) and .org 24 (10.50%). The domain names .ernet.in;.gov.in; and

.nic.in are preferred least by the private universities especially after the year 2001. The size of the

websites ranges between 1 kb and 8529 kb. The Internal Link, External Link and Size of the website

for these 228 private universities were obtained using Web Optimization tool. The private

university websites are dynamic and quite impressive because of their minimal website limited

internal and external links even though it has number of images. 228 private universities are

functioning in 22 states in India. Haryana state has web impact factor of 0.12 and ranks first. It is

followed by Orissa, Tripura state (0.10) and Assam (0.09) was ranked as second and third

respectively. Nagaland has least WIF of 0.01.

Key words: Webometrics, Private university websites, website analysis, Internal Link; External

Link and Back Link, Web Impact Factor.

Cite this Article: S. Dhanalakshmi and Dr. P. Nageswara Rao, Web Link Structure Analysis of

Private Universities Websites in India: A Study. International Journal of Library & Information

Science, 5(3), 2016, pp.54–76.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJLIS/issues.asp?JType=IJLIS&VType=5&IType=3

Web Link Structure Analysis of Private Universities Websites in India: A Study


1. INTRODUCTION

Website, indispensable resources among the academic institutions, is convenient tool for transforming the

information to the academic users. Further web sites are web based indicators and web performance is way

to measure to the academic performance of the university. Hence it is essential to measure the

performances these academic websites. The metric studies are used for measuring scholarly

communication; identify research trends and growth of knowledge; identify users of different subjects;

estimate comprehensiveness of secondary periodicals; forecast past, present and future publishing trends;

identify authorship and its trends in documents on various subjects; predict productivity of publishers or

individual authors etc. (Ramesh Babu & Jeyshankar, 2009). The metric studies paved way for measuring

the websites. The emergence of webometrics enables to identify the performance of academic websites.

Designing a Website is a complex and challenging process which deals with heterogeneous interacting

components. The construction of Website has evolved some discipline, there is still a lack of systematic

approach, and the entire development process is still needs pruning.

According to Björneborn and Ingwersen (2004), the definition of webometrics is "the study of the

quantitative aspects of the construction and use of information resources, structures and technologies on

the Web drawing on bibliometric and informetric approaches. The term webometrics was first coined by

Almind and Ingwersen (1997). A second definition of webometrics has also been introduced, "the study of

web-based content with primarily quantitative methods for social science research goals using techniques

that are not specific to one field of study" (Thelwall, 2009).

Bojorneborne (2004) defined webometrics as: “the study of the quantitative aspects of the construction

and use of information resources, structures and technologies on the web, drawing on bibliometric and

informetric approaches”. This definition covers the construction side and usage side of the web which

embrace the four main areas of Webometrics study.

• Web page content analysis.

• Web link structure analysis (e.g. Hyperlink, Self link and External link).

• Web usage analysis ( e.g. exploiting log files for users searching and browsing behaviour) and

• Web technology analysis (including search engine performance).

Educational institutions’ websites are large multifaceted communication devices and are increasingly

used for a wide variety of purposes from attracting new students to providing online public access

catalogues. The websites of institutions has become one of the main sources of information in academic

and research activities. In terms of research, educational institutions’ websites can announce the existence

and promote the achievements of individual, research groups, institutions and departments. They can also

disseminate findings, either by hosting online articles or publishing summaries, data sets or tools. The

pages themselves can be created centrally, by administrators or webmasters, or logically by individuals for

themselves or their research team projects. Website becomes excellent platform to test new methods of

evaluating webometrics activities. It is necessary to rank the educational institutions websites in the

context of competition among them due to privatisation of education. Informetrics is the research into

information in a broad sense and not only limited to scientific communication, the approach taken will be

called webometric, which covers research of all network based communications using informetric or other

quantitative measures. It is obvious that informetric methods using word counts and other similar

techniques can applied to the www.

2. WEBOMETRICS LINKS

The webometric studies were sometimes based on web links. These links were categorised as internal link,

external link, and back link. Further these links were compared with the size of the web sites. Web Impact

factor, External web impact factor, ratio between in link, external link and back link were used.

S. Dhanalakshmi and Dr. P. Nageswara Rao


An internal link connects one page of a website to a different page on the same website. In an internal

link, the source domain and target domain are the same.

• Back links are those links which are pointing to your site from other sites and

• External links are those links which are pointing to other site from your site.

Backlink = inbound link to your site.

External link = outbound link on your web page to another website's web page.

Backlinks are the links which stays in another website and those websites have the link of your

webpage and thus link back to your site. On the other hand external links are the links which stays in your

websites and tell other to visit other website from your page. So, the two are fully different.

• Any link that points to a page within website A is a backlink. These links could come from other websites,

but also from within website A.

• Any link from website B pointing to website A is an inbound link. Some people would also call it an

"external link", but like I said earlier, that term is a bit ambiguous. Inbound links form a subset of backlinks.

• Any link from website A pointing to website B is an outbound link.

• Any link from website A pointing to website A is an internal link. Most internal links are actually navigation

links or nav links. These are also backlinks, but not as powerful as inbound links.

• Any link in the categories mentioned above can -- at the webmaster's choice -- be turned into unfollow link.

In that case, Google sees little or no value in it for SEO purposes. No so-called "link juice" is passed. No

follow links have the attribute rel="nofollow" in the code.

• Any link that doesn't have the no follow attribute -- be it intentionally or accidentally -- is considered a do

follow link. These have direct and often positive impact on your Google rankings, even if they are internal

links.

3. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

There are a few studies on the web link structure analysis. The study by Abbasi (2016) aims to understand

the processes of network evolution by quantitatively examining the attachment behaviors of nodes in a real

collaboration network by identifying the characteristics of the existing nodes which can impact on their

link formation process. To do so, different link formation or attachment processes such as cohesiveness,

cumulative advantage, assortative mixing, and structural position are examined. The results indicate that

structural position, the tendency to connect to the nodes in a strategic intermediating position in the

network, is the most effective processes that expose the attachment behavior of nodes during the evolution

of a collaboration network. Prabakaran, R. & Lihitkar (2015) aims to analyze the space science libraries’

websites in the world and their web link analysis, web impact factor and its ranking. The study has been

carried out on 17 space science libraries’ websites. For the analysis, the data collected on number of web

pages, external links, in-links, self-links, total links of the websites. Various web impact factors were

calculated on the basis of the web links and ranked the websites.

Maharana, Panda, and Sahoo, (2012) examines and explores the web impact factor through a

webometric study of the present 16 Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) of India. Identifies the domain

systems of the websites; analyzes the number of web pages and link pages, and calculates the simple web

impact factor (WIF), self link web impact factor and external web impact factor of all the IIT. Also reflects

that some IIT have higher number of web pages, but correspondingly their link pages are very small in

number and websites fall behind in their simple, self link and external link web impact factor.

Beerappa and Sheshadri, (2016) attempts to analyze websites of 12 documentation centres located in

India. The analysis includes assessing the total number of webpages, self-link pages, external link pages,



web impact factor (WIF) etc. These parameters have been measured and compared together. Finally, the

researcher concluded by revealing strong findings of the study and has made some recommendations too.

Lim, Kyung-Tea et.al. (2016) attempted to analyze the importance of historical entities (ex: Human,

culture, event, etc.) through Wikipedia texts, focusing on two stages. First, it extracted historical entities

from Wikipedia and analyzed how they are related. Second, this paper proposed algorithms which

calculate its historical importance and assesses the utility. This study was able to estimate the scores of

historical importance from Wikipedia texts, using the mentioned algorithm. The scope of the historical

entities handled in this study was limited to the countries within the category of Wikipedia. In terms of

measurement of historical importance, Google’s page Rank algorithm and each historical document’s page

view were used. To prove the utility of measurements and algorithm, importance scores were given to a

total of 1,406 historical texts from five historians, and an answer set was developed. The algorithm was

compared to the answer set created by the historians through four tests. With the test results, it was able to

figure out the characteristics of historical importance conceived by the historians and the historical

importance calculated by the algorithm.

The study of web impact is one measure for testing the effectiveness of academic institute has been

studied by Shukla and Tripathi (2009). Websites are one source of showcasing the knowledge generated by

the academic institute. Webometrics tools and studies can be used to measure the effectiveness of the

institutional websites and rank them accordingly. The study reports the present scenario of Backlink

structure of Institutes of National Importance from India. The study examines the extent of backlinks given

by different domains to institutes of national importance. Percentage of Deep Link Ratio, pattern of page

pointing and pattern of link type relationship are also examined in the study. Data is collected using

software programme called ‘Backlink Analyzer’. Rankings of Institutes of National Importance are made

on two different bases which are discussed in the study. The study reveals that on average technical

institutes have higher Backlinks than any other. During the study it is established that Indian Institutional

websites attract more citations from commercial web domains than educational or any other web domains.

Thelwall and Wilkinson (2008) state that large sets of Web page links, colinks, or URLs sometimes

need to be counted or otherwise summarized by researchers to analyze Web growth or publishing, and by

computing professionals for Web site evaluation or search engine optimization. This article proposes a

generic lexical framework to unify and extend existing methods through abstract notions of link lists and

URL lists.

Payne and Thelwall (2008)

examined the relationship between university

inlinks and research

productivity over time and identify reasons for individual universities experiencing significant increases

and decreases in inlinks over the last six years. There is an evidence of a level of stability over time for

university site inlinks when measured against research productivity. Surprisingly,

however, inlink counts

can vary significantly from year to year for individual universities, for reasons unrelated to research

which

undermines their use in webometrics studies.

On the review of literature, it is found that a number of studies in the foreign countries were conducted

on certain parameters of websites such as link structure analysis which includes the analysis of Self Links,

External links, Inlinks, co-links. There are studies on Web Impact Factor, search engine performances,

webpage content analysis and web usage analysis. Further study of websites is needed to gain a better

understanding the nature of web link. However in Indian context, only a few studies were noticed.

Therefore it is thought appropriate and necessary to conduct weblink structure analysis of private

universities websites

4. OBJECTIVES

• To identify the domain preferred by the private universities for their websites.

• To find out the web impact factor of private university websites based on subject, state and domain.

• To find out the external web impact factor of private university websites on subject, state and domain.



• To find out the usage of internal link, external link and back link in private university websites.

5. HYPOTHESES

• There exists uniformity in the preference of domain among private universities.

• There exists high web impact factor among private university websites irrespective of subject, state and

domain.

• There exists external web impact factor among private university websites irrespective of subject, state and

domain.

• There exists effective utilisation of internal link, external link and back link in private university websites.

6. ANALYSIS

There are 741 universities are functioning in India. These universities are categorised as State University,

Central University, Deemed University and Private University. The number of universities under each

category is shown in Table 1. Table 1 Type of Universities

S. No. Type of Universities Frequency Percent

Cumulative

Percent

1 State University 342 46.2 46.2

2 Central University 46 6.2 52.4

3 Deemed University 125 16.9 69.2

4 Private University 228 30.8 100.0

Total 741 100.0

There exists 342 (46.2%) state universities, it is followed by 228 (30.80%) Private Universities, 125

(16.90%) Deemed universities and 46 (6.20%) are Central Universities. In this study 228 private university

websites were taken up for webometric study. These private universities further analysed based on the year

of establishment and their specialisation on subject domain.

Table 2 Details about Private Universities

S. No. Description Frequency Percentage

Year of Establishment

1 Before 1980 6 2.6

2 Between 1981 and 1990 4 1.8

3 Between 1991 and 2000 26 11.4

4 After 2001 and above 192 84.2

Domain

1 Arts and Science 124 54.4

2 Engineering 56 24.6

3 Medical 11 4.8

4 Others 37 16.2

Overall

Total 228 100

Out of 228 private universities, 192 (84.2%) were established in the 21st Century i.e. after the year

2001. Only 15.8% of private universities were established before 2000 of which 26 (11.4%) private

universities were established between 1991 and 2000. Out of 228 private universities, 124 (54.4%) were



Arts and Science universities. It is followed by Engineering (56, 24.62%); Medicine (11, 4.8%) and others

(37, 16.2%).

The private universities were further analysed state wise and the same is shown in Table 3.

Table 3 State wise distribution of Private Universities Vs.Year of Establishment

S.

No. Name of the State

Before

1980

Between

1981 and

1990

Between

1991and

2000

After 2001

and above Total

1 Arunachal Pradesh 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 7 (3.1) 7 (3.1)

2 Assam 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 4 (1.8) 4 (1.8)

3 Chhattisgarh 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.4) 7 (3.1) 8 (3.5)

4 Gujarat 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.9) 21 (9.2) 23 (10.1)

5 Haryana 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 3 (1.3) 15 (6.6) 18 (7.9)

6 Himachal Pradesh 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 17 (7.5) 17 (7.5)

7 Jharkhand 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 3 (1.3) 3 (1.3)

8 Karnataka 2 (0.9) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 8 (3.5) 12 (5.3)

9 Madhya Pradesh 0 (0.0) 1 (0.4) 3 (1.3) 12 (5.3) 16 (7.0)

10 Maharashtra 1 (0.4) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 3 (1.3) 4 (1.8)

11 Manipur 1 (0.4) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.4)

12 Meghalaya 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 8 (3.5) 8 (3.5)

13 Mizoram 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4)

14 Nagaland 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.9) 2 (0.9)

15 Orissa 1 (0.4) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.9) 3 (1.3)

16 Punjab 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.4) 11 (4.8) 12 (5.3)

17 Rajasthan 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 6 (2.6) 33 (14.5) 41 (18.0)

18 Sikkim 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.9) 3 (1.3) 5 (2.2)

19 Tripura 0 (0.0) 1 (0.4) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.4)

20 Uttar Pradesh 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 4 (1.8) 20 (8.8) 24 (10.5)

21 Uttarakhand 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.9) 9 (3.9) 11 (4.8)

22 West Bengal 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.4) 6 (2.6) 7 (3.1)

Total 6 (2.6) 4 (1.8) 26 (11.4) 192 (84.2) 228 (100)

The 228 private universities spread over 22 states in India. Out of 22 states, Rajasthan has a maximum

of 41 (18.0%) universities, it is followed by Uttar Pradesh 24 (16.8%), Gujarat 23 (10.1%) and Haryana 18

(7.9%).

As per the policy of higher education each and every academic institutions must have websites.

Accordingly, all these private universities having the academic websites. These universities were further

classified based on the domain in URL and the same is shown in Table 4.



Table 4 Domain-wise distribution of Websites of Private Universities Vs. Year of Establishment

S. No. Domain Before

1980

Between

1981 and

1990

Between

1991and 2000

After 2001

and above Total

1 .ac.in 0 (0.0) 1 (0.4) 10 (4.4) 65 (28.5) 76 (33.3)

2 .co.in 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 4 (1.8) 4 (1.8)

3 .com 2 (0.9) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.4) 14 (6.1) 17 (7.5)

4 .edu 1 (0.4) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.4) 11 (4.8) 13 (5.7)

5 .edu.in 3 (1.3) 2 (0.9) 7 (3.1) 53 (23.2) 65 (28.5)

6 .in 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 3 (1.3) 23 (10.1) 26 (11.4)

7 .nic.in 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4)

8 .org 0 (0.0) 1 (0.4) 3 (1.3) 20 (8.8) 24 (10.5)

9 .org.in 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 2 (0.9)

Total 6 (2.6) 4 (1.8) 26 (11.4) 192 (84.2) 228 (100)

Among the 228 universities, 76 (33.3%) universities are having a domain name as .ac.in. It is followed

by edu.in 65 (28.5%) .in 26 (11.4%) and .org 24 (10.5%). The domain names .co.in; .org.in;.and .nic.in are

preferred least by the private universities especially after the year 2001.

7. INTERNAL LINK, EXTERNAL LINK AND BACK LINK

The Internal Link, External Link and Size of the website for these 228 Private universities were obtained

using Web Optimization tool. These links were further analysed based on subject domain of the university.

Internal Link, External Link and Size of the website of subject domain were shown in Table 5.

Table 5 Number of Links Vs. Subject Domain

S.

No. Subject

Domain

Nu

mb

er o

f

Un

iver

siti

es

Internal Link External Link Back Link

Nu

mb

er

%

Av

era

ge

Ra

nk

Nu

mb

er

%

Av

era

ge

Ra

nk

Nu

mb

er

%

Av

era

ge

Ra

nk

1 Arts and

Science 124 16241 59.42 130.98

1 4483 55.52 36.15

1 378218 63.34

3050.15

2

2 Engineering 56 6521 23.86 116.45 2 1935 23.96 34.55 2 60731 10.17 1084.48 3

3 Medical 11 819 3.00 74.45 4 432 5.35 39.27 4 9210 1.55 837.27 4

4 Others 37 3751 13.72 101.38 3 1225 15.17 33.11 3 148939 24.94 4025.38 1

Total 228 27332 100 119.88 8075 100 35.42

597098 100 2618.85

It can be seen from table 5, that 228 private universities have 27,332 internal links with an average of

119.88 internal links per one private university. Similarly these universities has 8075 external link with

average external link per website works out 35.42. Further a total of 5,97,098 back links possessed by 228

universities with an average of 2618.85 back links. In the case of Arts and Science domain, 124

universities have 16241 (59.42%) internal link with an average of 130.98 internal links per site. The

external link of these 124 universities possesses 4483 (55.52%) with an average of 36.15 per website.

3782138 (63.34%) back links in 124 arts and science universities are identified is an average of 3050.15

per university. In the case of engineering domain, 56 universities have 6521 (23.86%) internal link with an

average of 116.45 internal links per site. The external link of these 56 universities possesses 1935

(23.96%) with an average of 34.55 per website. 60731 (10.17%) back links in 56 engineering universities

are identified is an average of 1084.48 per university. 11 Medical domain universities have 819 (3.00%)

internal link with an average of 74.45 internal link per site. The external link of these 11 universities

possesses 432 (5.35%) with an average of 39.27 per website. 9210 (1.55%) back links in 11 medical



universities are identified is an average of 837.27 per university. In the case of other domain, 37

universities have 3751 (13.72%) internal link with an average of 101.38 internal links per site. The

external link of these 37 universities possesses 1225 (15.17%) with an average of 33.11 per website.

148939 (24.94%) back links in 37 other domain universities are identified is an average of 4025.38 per

university. Further it can be seen that, internal links and external links used extensively by arts and science

private universities. In the case of back links other domain universities are extensively used.

The study has further been extended to state wise and the same is shown in Table 6.

Table 6 Number of Links vs. State

S.

No

.

Name of the

State No

. o

f

Un

iver

siti

es Internal Link External Link Back Link

Nu

mb

er

%

Av

era

ge

Ra

nk

Nu

mb

er

%

Av

era

ge

Ra

nk

Nu

mb

er

%

Av

era

ge

Ra

nk

1

Arunachal

Pradesh 7 409 1.50 58.43 21

72 0.89

10.2

9 17

688 0.12 98.29 21

2 Assam 4 584 2.14

146.0

0 6

82 1.02

20.5

0 14

1214 0.20 303.50 19

3 Chhattisgarh 8 701 2.56 87.63 15

309 3.83

38.6

3 7

30225 5.06 3778.13 4

4 Gujarat 23 1724 6.31 74.96 19

782 9.68

34.0

0 10

14076 2.36 612.00 16

5 Haryana 18 3103

11.3

5

172.3

9 3

1126

13.9

4

62.5

6 1

17935

1

30.0

4 9963.94 2

6 Himachal Pradesh 17 2079 7.61

122.2

9 9

399 4.94

23.4

7 13

12056 2.02 709.18 12

7 Jharkhand 3 408 1.49

136.0

0 8

20 0.25 6.67 19

1065 0.18 355.00 18

8 Karnataka 12 1055 3.86 87.92 14

647 8.01

53.9

2 2

8584 1.44 715.33 11

9 Madhya Pradesh 16 1939 7.09

121.1

9 10

655 8.11

40.9

4 5

15651 2.62 978.19 9

10 Maharashtra 4 308 1.13 77.00 18

151 1.87

37.7

5 8

96002

16.0

8

24000.5

0 1

11 Manipur 1 82 0.30 82.00 17 1 0.01 1.00 22 0 0.00 0.00 22

12 Meghalaya 8 779 2.85 97.38 12

110 1.36

13.7

5 16

33177 5.56 4147.13 3

13 Mizoram 1 141 0.52

141.0

0 7

8 0.10 8.00 18

625 0.10 625.00 15

14 Nagaland 2 25 0.09 12.50 22 6 0.07 3.00 21 1193 0.20 596.50 17

15 Orissa 3 912 3.34

304.0

0 1

129 1.60

43.0

0 3

2155 0.36 718.33 10

16 Punjab 12 1023 3.74 85.25 16

486 6.02

40.5

0 6

15835 2.65 1319.58 8

17 Rajasthan 41 4704

17.2

1

114.7

3 11

1686

20.8

8

41.1

2 4

98000

16.4

1 2390.24 6

18 Sikkim 5 470 1.72 94.00 13 24 0.30 4.80 20 9779 1.64 1955.80 7

19 Tripura 1 169 0.62

169.0

0 4

17 0.21

17.0

0 15

697 0.12 697.00 13

20 Uttar Pradesh 24 4374

16.0

0

182.2

5 2

867

10.7

4

36.1

3 9

67947

11.3

8 2831.13 5

21 Uttarakhand 11 1825 6.68

165.9

1 5

264 3.27

24.0

0 12

7189 1.20 653.55 14

22 West Bengal 7 518 1.90 74.00 20

234 2.90

33.4

3 11

1589 0.27 227.00 20

228

2733

2 100

119.8

8

8075 100

35.4

2

59709

8 100 2618.85



It can be seen from table 6, that 228 private universities functioning in 22 states in India. Average

internal link among the states ranges between 12.5 and 304 per university website. In the case of internal

links, Orissa state has 3 universities have 912 internal links with an average of 304 internal links per site

and Ranking First among 22 states. It is followed by Uttar Pradesh has 24 universities have 4374 internal

link with an average of 182.25 internal links per site and Ranking Second. The Third rank have been

occupied by Haryana state has 18 universities have 3103 internal link with an average of 172.39 internal

links per site. The least usage of internal links by Nagaland state which has 2 universities have 25 internal

links with an average of 12.5 internal links per site. It is followed by Arunachal Pradesh state which has 7

universities have 409 internal links with an average of 58.43 internal links per site.

Average external link among the states ranges between 1 and 62.56 per university website. In the case

of external links, Haryana state has 18 universities have 1126 internal link with an average of 62.56

internal links per site and Ranking First among 22 states. It is followed by Karnataka has 12 universities

have 647 external links with an average of 53.92exterrnal links per site and Ranking Second. The Third

rank have been occupied by Orissa state has 3 universities have 129 external links with an average of 43.00

external links per site. The least usage of external links by Manipur state which has 1 university have 1

external link with an average of one external link per site. It is followed by Nagaland state which has 2

universities have 6 external links with an average of 0.07 external links per site.

Average back link among the states ranges between 0.00 and 24000.50 per university website. In the

case of external links, Maharashtra state has 4 universities have 96002 back links with an average of

24000.50 back links per site and Ranking First among 22 states. It is followed by Haryana state has 18

universities have 179351 back links with an average of 9963.94 back links per site and Ranking Second.

The Third rank have been occupied by Meghalaya state has 8 universities have 33177 back links with an

average of 4147.13 back links per site. The least usage of external links by Manipur state which has 1

university have 0 back links with an average of 0.00 back links per site. It is followed by Arunachal

Pradesh state which has 7 universities have 688 back links with an average of 98.29 back links per site.

The study has further been extended to domain wise and the same is shown in Table 7.

Table 7 Number of Links vs. Domain

S.

No

.

Do

ma

in

No

. o

f

Un

iver

siti

es Internal Link External Link Back Link

Nu

mb

er

%

Av

era

ge

Ra

nk

Nu

mb

er

%

Av

era

ge

Ra

nk

Nu

mb

er

%

Av

era

ge

Ra

nk

1 .ac.in 76 9926 36.32 130.61 2 2415 29.91 31.78 6 29010 4.86 381.71 8

2 .co.in 4 95 0.35 23.75 8 159 1.97 39.75 2 1031 0.17 257.75 9

3 .com 17 1181 4.32 69.47 6 384 4.76 22.59 8 32651 5.47 1920.65 4

4 .edu 13 3886 14.22 298.92 1 920 11.39 70.77 1 183708 30.77 14131.38 1

5 .edu.in 65 7594 27.78 116.83 3 2498 30.93 38.43 3 259953 43.54 3999.28 2

6 .in 26 2752 10.07 105.85 4 740 9.16 28.46 7 20417 3.42 785.27 6

7 .net.in 1 0 0.00 0.00 9 1 0.01 1.00 9 813 0.14 813.00 5

8 .org 24 1764 6.45 73.50 5 892 11.05 37.17 4 68326 11.44 2846.92 3

9 .org.in 2 134 0.49 67.00 7 66 0.82 33.00 5 1189 0.20 594.50 7

Total 228 27332 100 119.88 8075 100 35.42 597098 100 2618.85

It can be seen from table 7, those 228 private universities using 9 different domain names. Average

internal link among the domain ranges between 0.00 and 298.92 per university website. In the case of

internal links, .edu domain carried by 13 universities has 3886 (14.22%) internal link with an average of

298.92 internal links per site and Ranking First among 9 domains. It is followed by .ac.in domain carried



by 76 universities have 9926 internal link with an average of 130.61 internal links per site and Ranking

Second. The Third rank have been occupied by .edu.in domain carried by 65 universities have 7594

internal link with an average of 116.83 internal links per site. The least usage of internal links carried by

.net.in which has 1 university has 0 internal links. It is followed by .co.in domain has 4 universities have 95

internal link with an average of 23.75 internal links per site.

Average external link among the domain ranges between 1.00 and 70.77 per university website. In the

case of external links, .edu domain carried by 13 universities has 920 (11.39%) external link with an

average of 70.77 external links per site and Ranking First among 9 domains. It is followed by .co.in

domain carried by 4 universities have 159 external link with an average of 39.75 external links per site and

Ranking Second. The Third rank have been occupied by .edu.in domain carried by 65 universities have

2498 external link with an average of 38.43 external links per site.

The least usage of external links carried by .net.in which has 1 university has 1 external link with an

average of 1.00 external links per site. It is followed by .com domain has 17 universities have 384 external

links with an average of 22.59 external links per site.

Average back link among the domain ranges between 257.75 and 2846.92 per university website. In

the case of back links, .edu domain carried by 13 universities has 183708 (30.77%) back link with an

average of 14131.38 back links per site and Ranking First among 9 domains. It is followed by .edu.in

domain carried by 65 universities which has 259953 back links with an average of 3999.28 back links per

site and Ranking Second. The Third rank have been occupied by .org domain carried by 24 universities

have 68326 back link with an average of 2846.92 back links per site. The least usage of back links carried

by .co.in which has 4 universities have 1031 back links with an average of 257.75 per site. It is followed by

.ac.in domain has 76 universities have 29010 back links with an average of 381.71 back links per site.

8. WEB IMPACT FACTOR (WIF) AND EXTERNAL WEB IMPACT FACTOR

(EWIF)

Based on Internal Link, External Link, Size of the website (in KB), Web Impact Factor (WIF) and External

Web Impact Factor (EWIF) using the formula shown below have been calculated and also provided in the

Table 5.

WIF =

Number of Internal link Pages

Number of Web Pages (In bytes)

External Link WIF =

Number of External Link

Number of Web Pages (In bytes)

The web impact factor and external web impact factor using internal Link, external Link and Size of

the website for these 228 private universities were calculated using the foresaid formula for subject domain

of the university. Internal Link, External Link, Size of the website of subject domain, WIF, EWIF and

rank based on WIF, EWIF were shown in Table 8.

Table 8 Number of Links Vs. Type of University

S.

No. Type of University

Internal

Link

External

Link SIZE WIF Rank EWIF Rank

1 Arts and Science 16241 4483 248897 0.07 1 0.02 2

2 Engineering 6521 1935 115527 0.06 2 0.02 2

3 Medical 819 432 16978 0.05 3 0.03 1

4 Others 3751 1225 58166 0.06 2 0.02 2



The WIF ranges between 0.05 and 0.07. Arts and Science universities have web impact factor of 0.07.

It is followed by engineering universities and other domain universities (0.06). The Medical universities

have least impact factor 0.05. It can be inferred that medical universities are having least internal link

which resulted in size of the web site also. Arts and Science universities are having extensive internal link

which resulted in increased size of the web site. The EWIF ranges between 0.02 and 0.03. In the case of

EWIF Medical universities were ranking first. It is followed by Arts and Science, engineering and other

universities which has EWIF as 0.02.

The state wise WIF and EWIF calculated where shown in Table 9 along with Internal Link, External

Link, Size of the website and rank based on WIF, EWIF were shown in Table 9.

Table 9 Number of Links vs. Name of the State

S. No. Name of the

State

Internal

Link

External

Link Size WIF Rank EWIF Rank

1 Arunachal

Pradesh

409 72 10390 0.04 8

0.01 4

2 Assam 584 82 6531 0.09 3 0.01 4

3 Chhattisgarh 701 309 11172 0.06 6 0.03 2

4 Gujarat 1724 782 27719 0.06 6 0.03 2

5 Haryana 3103 1126 26209 0.12 1 0.04 1

6 Himachal

Pradesh

2079 399 31331 0.07 5

0.01 2

7 Jharkhand 408 20 5991 0.07 5 0.00 5

8 Karnataka 1055 647 20662 0.05 7 0.03 2

9 Madhya Pradesh 1939 655 25971 0.07 5 0.03 2

10 Maharashtra 308 151 13619 0.02 10 0.01 4

11 Manipur 82 1 2957 0.03 9 0.00 5

12 Meghalaya 779 110 9906 0.08 4 0.01 4

13 Mizoram 141 8 2944 0.05 7 0.00 5

14 Nagaland 25 6 2284 0.01 11 0.00 5

15 Orissa 912 129 9231 0.10 2 0.01 4

16 Punjab 1023 486 25691 0.04 8 0.02 3

17 Rajasthan 4704 1686 94843 0.05 7 0.02 3

18 Sikkim 470 24 8095 0.06 6 0.00 5

19 Tripura 169 17 1637 0.10 2 0.01 4

20 Uttar Pradesh 4374 867 56737 0.08 4 0.02 3

21 Uttarakhand 1825 264 25878 0.07 5 0.01 4

22 West Bengal 518 234 19770 0.03 9 0.01 4

The WIF ranges between 0.03 and 0.12. Haryana state has web impact factor of 0.12 and ranks first. It

is followed by Orissa, Tripura state (0.10) and Assam (0.09) was ranked as second and third respectively.

Nagaland has least WIF of 0.01. It can be inferred that Nagaland has least internal link which resulted in

size of the web site also. Haryana, Orissa, Tripura were having extensive internal link which resulted in

increased size of the web site. The EWIF ranges between 0.00 and 0.04. In the case of EWIF universities

of Haryana was Ranking First. It is followed by Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh

which has EWIF as 0.03 and ranks second.



Table 10 Ratio of Links vs. Domain

S.

No. Domain

Internal

Link

External

Link Size WIF

Rank EWIF

Rank

1 .ac.in 9926 2415 153528 0.06 3 0.02 4

2 .co.in 95 159 3143 0.03 6 0.05 4

3 .com 1181 384 25489 0.05 4 0.02 5

4 .edu 3886 920 26210 0.15 2 0.04 2

5 .edu.in 7594 2498 136745 0.06 3 0.02 3

6 .in 2752 740 49388 0.06 3 0.01 4

7 .net.in 0 1 264 0.00 7 0.00 1

8 .org 1764 892 44347 0.04 5 0.02 6

9 .org.in 134 66 454 0.30 1 0.15 4

The size of the websites ranges between 264 kb and 153528 kb. The Inlink ranges between 0 and 9926

links and there is no Inlink for 1 private university website. The External link ranges between 1 and 2498

links.

Web Impact Factor (WIF) for Private university websites ranges between 0.00 and 0.30. Out of 228, 24

Private universities by WIF are 0.00. This indicates that the 24 universities may not have either inlink or

size may be huge. External Web Impact Factor (EWIF) for Private university websites ranges between

0.01 and 0.15. Out of 228, 40 Private universities by EWIF are 0.00. This indicates that the 40 universities

may not have either external link or size may be huge.

9. RATIO BETWEEN INTERNAL LINK/EXTERNAL LINK

Further the ration between internal link, external link and back link has been calculated using the formula

given below.

Number of Internal Link

Ration of IL and EL = ------------------------------------

Number of External Link

Internal link + External Link

Ration between IL, EL and BL = -------------------------------------

Back Link

Ratio between IL and El thus calculated among universities subject wise using the formula stated

above were shown in table 11. Similarly ratio between IL, EL and BL thus calculated has also shown in

Table 11.

Table 11 Ratio between Internal Link, External Link and Back Link Vs Domain

S.

No.

Domain of the

University

Internal

Link

(A)

External

Link

(B)

Back

Link

(C) Ratio

of A/B

Rank Ratio

of

(A+B)/C

Rank

1 Arts and Science 16241 4483 378218 3.62 1 0.05 2

2 Engineering 6521 1935 60731 3.37 2 0.14 1

3 Medical 819 432 9210 1.90 4 0.14 1

4 Others 3751 1225 148939 3.06 3 0.03 3



Ratio between Internal Link and External link for subject wise private university websites ranges

between 1.90 and 3.62. Arts and Science private universities ratio between internal and external link works

out to 3.62 and ranked first. It is followed by Engineering (3.37) and Other Universities (3.06). The least

ratio can be seen in the medical universities (1.90). Relation between Internal, External and Back Link has

been calculated for subject based private university websites ranges between 0.03 and 0.14. Out of four

subject domain private universities other domain universities ratio between internal link, or external link or

back link is 0.03. This indicates that the numbers of backlinks are more comparing to some of internal and

external link.

Ratio between IL and El thus calculated among different state universities using the formula stated

above were shown in table 12. Similarly ratio between IL, EL and BL thus calculated has also shown in

Table. Table 12 Ratio between Internal Link, External Link and Back Link Vs State

S.

No.

State of the

University

Internal

Link

(A)

External

Link

(B)

Back

Link

(C) Ratio

of A/B

Rank Ratio

of

(A+B)/C

Rank

1 Arunachal Pradesh 409 72 688 5.68 9 0.70 18

2 Assam 584 82 1214 7.12 5 0.55 8

3 Chhattisgarh 701 309 30225 2.27 16 0.03 14

4 Gujarat 1724 782 14076 2.20 18 0.18 6

5 Haryana 3103 1126 179351 2.76 15 0.02 12

6 Himachal Pradesh 2079 399 12056 5.21 10 0.21 18

7 Jharkhand 408 20 1065 20.40 1 0.40 1

8 Karnataka 1055 647 8584 1.63 21 0.20 3

9 Madhya Pradesh 1939 655 15651 2.96 13 0.17 16

10 Maharashtra 308 151 96002 2.04 20 0.00 5

11 Manipur 82 1 - 82.00 - 0.00 -

12 Meghalaya 779 110 33177 7.08 6 0.03 4

13 Mizoram 141 8 625 17.63 3 0.24 10

14 Nagaland 25 6 1193 4.17 12 0.03 7

15 Orissa 912 129 2155 7.07 7 0.48 9

16 Punjab 1023 486 15835 2.10 19 0.10 13

17 Rajasthan 4704 1686 98000 2.79 14 0.07 2

18 Sikkim 470 24 9779 19.58 2 0.05 16

19 Tripura 169 17 697 9.94 4 0.27 17

20 Uttar Pradesh 4374 867 67947 5.04 11 0.08 16

21 Uttarakhand 1825 264 7189 6.91 8 0.29 11

22 West Bengal 518 234 1589 2.21 17 0.47 15

Ratio between Internal Link and External link of different state private university websites ranges

between 2.04 and 82.00. Even though Manipur state has higher ratio between internal link and external

link (82.00) rank has not been assigned because it has only one external link and no back link. Ratio

between internal and external link of the private universities in Jharkhand works out to 20.40 and ranked

first. It is followed by Sikkim (19.58) and Mizoram (17.63). The least ratio can be seen in the Karnataka

(1.63) and Maharashtra (2.04) state private universities. Relation between Internal, External and Back

Link has been calculated for subject state based private university websites ranges between 0.00 and 0.40.

The entire 21 state private universities ratio between internal link, or external link or back link were less



than one which indicates that the numbers of backlinks are more comparing to some of internal and

external link.

Similarly the ratio between IL and El thus calculated among different domains used in URL using the

formula stated above were shown in table 13. Similarly ratio between IL, EL and BL thus calculated has

also shown in Table

Table 13 Ratio between Internal Link, External Link and Back Link Vs Domain

S.

No. Domain

Internal

Link

(A)

External

Link

(B)

Back

Link

(C) Ratio

of A/B

Rank Ratio

of

(A+B)/C

Rank

1 .ac.in 9926 2415 29010 4.11 2 0.43 1

2 .co.in 95 159 1031 0.60 8 0.25 2

3 .com 1181 384 32651 3.08 4 0.05 4

4 .edu 3886 920 183708 4.22 1 0.03 6

5 .edu.in 7594 2498 259953 3.04 5 0.04 5

6 .in 2752 740 20417 3.72 3 0.17 3

7 .net.in 0 1 813 0.00 9 0.00 7

8 .org 1764 892 68326 1.98 7 0.04 5

9 .org.in 134 66 1189 2.03 6 0.17 3

Ratio between Internal Link and External link for private university websites of domain in URL ranges

between 0.00 and 4.22. Out of 9 domains, 18 Private universities by internal and external link is 0.00 in

one domain ie. “.net.in”. This indicates that the universities which has domain name “.net.in” may not have

either internal link and /or external link. Relation between Internal, External and Back Link has been

calculated based on domain name in URL of private university websites and it ranges between 0.00 and

3.43. Out of 9 domains, one domain has either internal link, or external link or back link is 0.00.

10. FINDINGS

• There are 741 universities are functioning in India. These universities are categorised as State University,

Central University, Deemed University and Private University. Out of 741 universities, there were 228

(30.80%) Private universities. (Table 1)

• Out of 228 private universities, 192 (84.20%) were established in the 21st Century i.e. after the year 2001.

There are 124 (54.40%) were Arts and Science universities. It is followed by Engineering (56, 24.6%);

Medicine (11, 4.8%) and others (37, 16.2%). (Table 2)

• 228 universities spread over 22 states in India. Out of 22 states, Rajasthan has a maximum of 41 (18.0%)

universities, it is followed by Uttar Pradesh 24 (10.5%) and Gujarat 23 (10.1%). (Table 3)

• 76 (33.30%) universities are having a domain name as .ac.in. It is followed by edu.in 65 (28.5%) .in 26

(11.40%) and .org 24 (10.50%). (Table 4)

• The size of the websites ranges between 264 kb and 153528 kb. (Table 10)

• The Internal link ranges between 1 and 560 links. (Table )

• 228 private universities have 27,332 internal links with an average of 119.88 internal links per one private

university. Similarly these universities has 8075 external link with average external link per website works

out 35.42. Further a total of 5, 97,098 back links possessed by 228 universities with an average of 2618.85

back links. (Table 5)

• Internal links and external links used extensively by arts and science private universities. In the case of back

links other domain universities are extensively used. (Table 5)



• 228 private universities functioning in 22 states in India. Average internal link among the states ranges

between 12.5 and 304 per university website. (Table 6)

• In the case of internal links, Orissa state has 3 universities have 912 internal links with an average of 304

internal links per site and Ranking First among 22 states. It is followed by Uttar Pradesh has 24 universities

have 4374 internal link with an average of 182.25 internal links per site and Ranking Second. The Third

rank have been occupied by Haryana state has 18 universities have 3103 internal link with an average of

172.39 internal links per site. The least usage of internal links by Nagaland state which has 2 universities

have 25 internal links with an average of 12.5 internal links per site. It is followed by Arunachal Pradesh

state which has 7 universities have 409 internal links with an average of 58.43 internal links per site. (Table

6)

• 228 private universities using 9 different domain names. Average internal link among the domain ranges

between 0.00 and 298.92 per university website. In the case of internal links, .edu domain carried by 13

universities has 3886 (14.22%) internal link with an average of 298.92 internal links per site and Ranking

First among 9 domains. It is followed by .ac.in domain carried by 76 universities have 9926 internal link

with an average of 130.61 internal links per site and Ranking Second. The Third rank have been occupied by

.edu.in domain carried by 65 universities have 7594 internal link with an average of 116.83 internal links per

site. (Table 7)

• The WIF ranges between 0.05 and 0.07. Arts and Science universities have web impact factor of 0.07. It is

followed by engineering universities and other domain universities (0.06). The Medical universities have

least impact factor 0.05. (Table 8)

• Haryana state has web impact factor of 0.12 and ranks first. It is followed by Orissa, Tripura state (0.10)

and Assam (0.09) was ranked as second and third respectively. Nagaland has least WIF of 0.01. (Table 9)

• Ratio between Internal Link and External link for subject wise private university websites ranges between

1.90 and 3.62. Arts and Science private universities ratio between internal and external link works out to

3.62 and ranked first. It is followed by Engineering (3.37) and Other Universities (3.06). The least ratio can

be seen in the medical (1.90) private universities. Relation between Internal, External and Back Link has

been calculated for subject based private university websites ranges between 0.03 and 0.14. (Table 11)

• Ratio between Internal Link and External link of different state private university websites ranges between

2.04 and 82.00. Even though Manipur state has higher ratio between internal link and external link (82.00)

rank has not been assigned because it has only one external link and no back link. Ratio between internal

and external link of the private universities in Jharkhand works out to 20.40 and ranked first. It is followed

by Sikkim (19.58) and Mizoram (17.63). (Table 12)

• Out of 9 domains, 18 Private universities by internal and external link is 0.00 in one domain ie. “.net.in”.

This indicates that the universities which has domain name “.net.in” may not have either internal link and /or

external link. (Table 13)

11. CONCLUSION

The academic web is a global source of expertise and also a means to communicate scientific and cultural

achievements (Aguillo, Granadino, Ortega, and Prieto, 2005). The impact of electronic publications is far

larger than that obtained by traditional journals and books on paper. Websites are the most efficient and

cheapest way for boosting all three academic missions: teaching, research and technology transfer. Lack of

visibility on the web is leading to a worrying level of academic digital divide (Aguillo, Ortega and

Fernandez, 2008).

Webometrics in general, aims at designing and developing methodologies to measure visibility such as

Web Impact Factor (WIF) and External Web Impact Factor. The WIF and EWIF provides a way to

evaluate a website’s relative importance especially when compare to others in the same or a country’s

domain. It provides a quantitative indicator of website’s long term influence; it reflects the ability of

websites and webmasters to attract users. It may also provide novel insights into retrieval process on the

Web.



In this study the three key aspects such as internal link, external link and back link were used to

measure the Indian private university websites. Further the size of the websites were measured based on

Kilobytes instead of number of hits. The size of the website were analysed based on Web Optimization

Tool. Internal Web Impact Factor, External Web Impact Factor, the Ratio between in link, external link

and back link were also calculated. The private university websites are dynamic and quite impressive

because of their minimal website limited internal and external links even though it has number of images.

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APPENDIX –A

List of Private Universities in Indian

S.N

o.

Name of University and Location

Est

ab

lish

ed

Yea

r URL Address

www.<following Address>

Inte

rna

l

Lin

ks

Ex

tern

al

Lin

ks

No

. o

f W

eb

Pa

ges

Ba

ck L

ink

s

1 Indira Gandhi Technological and Medical Science

University, Ziro

2012 indiragandhiuniversity.in 0 1 449 19

2 Arunachal University of Studies, Namsai 2012 arunachaluniversity.ac.in 93 8 3393 .

3 Venkateshwara Open University, Papum Pare,

Arunachal Pradesh

2012 vou.ac.in 57 47 1416 34

4 Apex Professional University, East Siang,

Arunachal Pradesh

2013 apexuniversity.ac.in 99 4 1982 22

5 Himalayan University, Papumpare 2013 himalayanuniversity.com 75 6 502 527

6 North East Frontier Technical University, Aalo 2014 neftu.edu.in 85 6 2648 86

7 Arunodaya University, Itanagar 2014 arunodayauniversity.ac.in . . 0 .

8 Mahapurusha Srimanta Sankaradeva

Viswavidyalaya, Nagaon

2013 mssv.co.in 68 12 2989 .

9 The Assam Kaziranga University, Jorhat 2012 kazirangauniversity.in 258 32 1947 111

10 Assam Don Bosco University, Guwahati 2008 dbuniversity.ac.in 132 31 418 103

11 Assam Down Town University, Guwahati 2010 adtu.in 126 7 1177 1000



12 Dr. C.V. Raman University, Bilaspur 2006 cvru.ac.in 87 8 1427 189

13 MATS University, Raipur 2006 matsuniversity.ac.in 27 171 3000 117

14 Maharishi University of Management and

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15 Kalinga University, Naya Raipur 2015 kalingauniversity.ac.in 0 1 1 .

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17 ITM University, Raipur 1997 itmuniversity.org 39 8 198 259

18 Amity University, Raipur 2014 amity.edu 402 98 1789 1342

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19 O.P. Jindal University, Raigarh 2014 jgu.edu.in 84 7 2660 1479

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20 Lakulish Yoga University, Ahmedabad 2013 lyu.ac.in 66 1 896 .

21 Team Lease Skills University, Vadodara 2012 teamleaseuniversity.org 132 35 0 87

22 ITM Vocational University, Vadodara 2014 itm.ac.in 13 36 472 .

23 RK University, Rajkot 2005 rku.ac.in 123 131 3253 42

24 Navrachana University, Vadodara 2009 nuv.ac.in 96 6 3114 54

25 Rai University, Saroda 2005 raiuniversity.edu 51 8 1666 357

26 AURO University of Hospitality and Management,

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2009 aurouniversity.edu.in 58 19 2938 972

27 C. U. Shah University, Wadhwan 2013 cushahuniversity.ac.in 76 36 3634 11

28 Indus University, Ahmedabad 2006 indusuni.ac.in 147 7 1269 127

29 Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad 2009 ahduni.edu.in 13 239 3042 1231

30 Charotar University of Science & Technology,

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2000 charusat.ac.in 193 36 1379 518

31 Calorx Teacher's University, Ahmedabad 1995 ctu.org.in 69 60 5 403

32 Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and

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2001 daiict.ac.in . . 132 1000

33 Ganpat University, Kherva 2005 ganpatuniversity.ac.in 115 25 . 260

34 Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya, Gandhi Nagar 2007 ksvuniversity.org.in 65 6 449 786

35 Nirma University, Ahmedabad 2003 nirmauni.ac.in 19 0 132 1000

36 Pandit Deendayal petroleum University, Raisan 2007 pdpu.ac.in 132 29 865 4513

37 UKA Tarsadia University, Tarsadi 2011 utu.ac.in 20 22 934 227

38 Parul University, Waghodia 2003 parul.ac.in 62 18 0 1000

39 G.L.S. University, Ahmedabad 2015 glsuniversity.ac.in 14 0 1277 .

40 GSFC University, Vadodara 2015 gsfcuni.edu.in 62 9 2262 .

41 Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhi Nagar,

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2007 phfi.org 165 52 0 1488

42 Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhi Nagar,

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2011 iar.ac.in 33 7 . .

43 NIILM University, Haryana 2011 niilmuniversity.in 192 22 938 1000

44 Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana 1993 mmumullana.org 42 111 0 1440

45 O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat 2009 jgu.edu.in 72 19 2383 1479

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46 Apeejay Stya University, Sohna 2010 university.apeejay.edu . . 0 394

47 AMITY University, Manesar 2010 amity.edu 402 98 1789 1342

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48 K.R. Mangalam University, Gurgaon 2013 krmangalam.edu.in 104 13 1033 76

49 Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University,

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2006 sgtuniversity.ac.in 18 165 3254 18

50 GD Goenka University, Gurgaon 2006 gdgoenkauniversity.com 89 17 2936 2415

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51 SRM University, Sonipat 2006 srmuniversity.ac.in 149 33 1233 67

52 Jagan Nath University, Bahadurgarh 2013 jagannathuniversity.org 137 15 3205 2832

53 M.V.N. University, Palwal 2012 mvn.edu.in 6 94 1586 562

54 Baba MastNath University, Bohar 2006 babamastnathuniversity.com 16 53 300 46

55 Ansal University, Gurgaon 2012 ansaluniversity.edu.in 169 16 2990 5051

56 Al-Falah University, Faridabad 2014 alfalahuniversity.edu.in 7 96 2607 18

57 BML Munjal University, Gurgaon 2014 bml.edu.in 199 16 0 9567

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58 Ashoka University, Sonepat 2014 ashoka.edu.in 141 39 1696 1811

59 Manav Rachna University, Faridabad 1997 mriu.edu.in 21 290 . 1782

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60 The Northcap University, Gurgaon 1996 ncuindia.edu 1339 29 259 149

61 Abhilashi University, Mandi 2014 abhilashiuniversity.in . . 427 .

62 Career Point University, Hamirpur 2012 cpuh.in 143 33 3122 388

63 I.E.C. (India Education Centre) University, Pinjore 2013 iecuniversity.com 36 103 3534 384

64 Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Solan 2010 mmusolan.org 38 7 546 3598

65 ICFAI University, Baddi 2011 iuhimachal.edu.in 133 6 2301 279

66 A.P.G. (Alakh Prakash Goyal) University, Shimla 2014 agu.edu.in 159 28 3410 411

67 Maharaja Agrasen University, Solan 2013 mau.ac.in 169 21 881 108

68 Chitkara University, Solan 2008 chitkara.edu.in 324 13 3043 1674

69 Jaypee University of Information Technology,

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2002 juit.ac.in 150 28 2195 712

70 Eternal University, Sirmour 2008 eternaluniversity.edu.in 128 12 3156 563

71 Shoolini University of Biotechnology and

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72 Indus International University, Una, Himachal

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73 Arni University, Kathgarh 2009 arni.in 0 2 2046 786

74 Manav Bharti University, Solan 2009 manavbhartiuniversity.edu.in 93 37 1117 773

75 Bahra University, Waknaghat 1957 bahrauniversity.edu.in 92 18 . 1000

76 Baddi University of Emerging Sciences &

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2002 baddiuniv.ac.in 205 47 2934 480

77 Sri Sai University, Palampur 2010 srisaiuniversity.org 129 8 868 350

78 The Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of

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2008 iujharkhand.edu.in 155 14 2542 248

79 Jharkhand Rai University, Ranchi 2011 jru.edu.in 193 4 3008 381

80 Sai Nath University, Jirabar 2012 sainathuniversity.com 60 2 441 436

81 Alliance University, Bangalore 2010 alliance.edu.in 114 64 2067 3174

82 Reva University, Bengaluru 2012 reva.edu.in 192 21 2584 65

83 Presidency University, Yelahanka 2004 presiuniv.ac.in 215 8 51 168

84 PES University, Bengaluru 1972 pes.edu 9 204 2077 2264

85 M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences,

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2013 msruas.ac.in 96 16 2368 25

86 CMR University, Chagalahatti 2000 cmr.edu.in 19 110 1442 51

87 Azim Premji University, Bengaluru 2010 azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in 146 13 1680 876

88 Institute of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and

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89 Srinivas University, Mangaluru 1988 srinivasuniversity.edu.in 50 68 1597 .

90 Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru 1979 dsu.edu.in/ 90 37 . 11

91 Rai Technology University, Bangalore 2012 raitechuniversity.in 53 4 3159 21



92 KLE Technological University, Hubballi 2015 kletech.ac.in 70 10 1855 .

93 Maharishi Mahesh Yogi Vedic Vishwavidyalaya,

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94 LNCT University, Indore 1994 lnctgroup.in 223 4 866 127

95 Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan University, Bhopal 2003 srku.edu.in 79 7 2947 .

96 Amity University, Gwalior 2003 amity.edu 402 98 1832 1342

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97 ITM University, Gwalior 1997 itmuniversity.ac.in 57 134 3175 258

98 AISECT University, Bhopal 1985 aisectuniversity.ac.in 201 18 2809 154

99 People's University, Bhopal 2002 peoplesuniversity.edu.in 100 63 1618 56

100 Oriental University, Indore 2011 orientaluniversity.in 3 99 1040 181

101 RKDF University, Bhopal 2012 rkdf.ac.in 335 23 1878 19

102 Jaypee University of Engineering & Technology,

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103 Sri Satya Sai University of Technology & Medical

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2013 sssutms.co.in 27 147 137 31

104 Jagran Lakecity University, Bhopal 2013 jlu.edu.in 111 13 1641 100

105 Techno Global University, Sironj 2008 technoglobaluniversity.com 5 15 364 412

106 A.K.S. University, Satna 2011 aksuniversity.ac.in 107 8 2945 46

107 Swami Vivekananda University, Sagar 2011 svnuniversity.co.in . . 17 .

108 P.K. University, Karera 2015 Pkuniversity.org 74 8 1129 .

109 Spicer Adventist University, Pune 1942 spiceradventistuniversity.com 10 38 2480 14

110 Amity University, Mumbai 2014 amity.edu/mumbai 210 103 6856 9551

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111 Ajeenkya D.Y. Patil University, Pune 2015 adypu.edu.in 0 2 1326 13

112 Flame University, Pune 2014 flame.edu.in 88 8 2957 458

113 Sangai International University, Manipur 1949 sangaiinternationaluniversity.co

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114 Martin Luther Christian University, Shillong 2005 mlcuniv.in 76 1 1255 320

115 Techno Global University, Meghalaya 2009 technoglobaluniversityshillong.

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2006 iumeghalaya.edu.in 114 7 1863 383

117 University of Science & Technology, Meghalaya 2008 ustm.ac.in 0 2 2931 124

118 William Carey University, Shillong 2010 wmcarey.edu 256 17 745 3084

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119 Mahatama Gandhi University, Khanapara 2010 mgu.edu.in 116 35 1533 1079

120 University of Technology & Management, Shillong 2010 utm.ac.in 150 14 645 49

121 CMJ University, Shillong 2009 cmjuniversity.edu.in 2 34 7 361


India University, Mizoram

2006 iumizoram.edu.in 141 8 2944 625

123 The Global Open University, Sodzulhou, Nagaland 2006 nagaland.net.in 0 1 264 813


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2006 iunagaland.edu.in 25 5 2020 380

125 Centurion University of Technolgy and

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2010 cutm.ac.in 408 39 2930 63

126 Sri Sri University, Cuttack 209 srisriuniversity.edu.in 340 45 3362 1768

127 Xavier university, Harirajpur 2013 xub.edu.in 164 45 2939 324

128 Adesh University, Bathinda 2012 adeshuniversity.ac.in 82 10 2835 .

129 D.A.V University, Jalandhar 2013 davuniversity.org 74 8 1249 764

130 Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh 1996 deshbhagatuniversity.in 0 2 4581 1748



131 Chandigarh University, Mohali 2012 chandigarhuniversity.ac.in 163 38 2933 2203

132 Guru Kashi University, Bathinda 2011 gurukashiuniversity.in 15 6 440 104

133 Chitkara University, Punjab 2008 chitkara.edu.in 326 13 3004 1674

134 Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh

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2004 sggswu.org 31 247 . 435

135 Lovely Professional University, Punjab 2005 lpu.in 134 35 2968 3956

136 Rayat Bahra University, Punjab 2014 rayatbahrauniversity.edu.in 79 31 . 338

137 GNA University, Phagwara 2014 gnaedu.in 0 2 3493 4613

138 Sant Baba Bhag Singh University, Jalandhar 2015 sbbsuniversity.in 111 2 327 .

139 Akal University, Bathinda 2015 auts.ac.in 8 92 3861 .

140 IIHMR University, Jaipur 1984 iihmr.org 44 51 1610 5380

141 Pacific Medical University, Udaipur 2014 pacificmedicaluniversity.ac.in 45 1 1741 .

142 Amity University, Jaipur 2003 amity.edu/jaipur 237 68 1398 190

143 Bhagwant University, Ajmer 2008 bhagwantuniversity.ac.in 25 93 2977 50

144 Jagannath University, Jaipur 2005 jagannathuniversity.org 137 15 3205 2832

145 Jaipur National University, Jaipur 2007 jnujaipur.ac.in 223 22 3197 783

146 Jodhpur National University, Jodhpur 2008 jodhpurnationaluniversity.com 24 71 3056 1000

147 Jayoti Vidyapeet Women's University, Jaipur 2008 jvwomensuniv.com 148 11 52 1000

148 Mahatma Jyoti Rao Phoole University, Jaipur 2009 mjrpuniversity.ac.in 66 10 1879 26

149 Mewar University, Chittorgarh 2009 mewaruniversity.org . . 1595 1329

150 NIMS University, Jaipur 2008 nimsuniversity.org 39 102 7359 8481

151 Shri Jagdish Prasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala

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2009 jjtu.ac.in 394 11 3118 11

152 Sir Padmapat Singhania University, Udaipur 2008 spsu.ac.in 141 40 . 37

153 Singhania University, Jhunjhunu 2007 singhaniauniversity.co.in . . . 1000

154 Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur 1994 gyanvihar.org 131 35 4532 3498

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155 Shridhar University, Pilani 2010 shridharuniversity.ac.in 202 5 3006 543

156 Raffles University, Neemrana 1882 rafflesuniversity.edu.in 39 202 2799 232

157 Homoeopathy University, Jaipur 2010 homoeopathyuniversity.org 33 2 3104 52

158 ICFAI University, Jaipur 2011 icfaiuniversity.in 42 13 2624 1000

159 Dr K N Modi University, Niwai 2010 dknmu.org 0 2 2931 1000

160 Pratap University, Jaipur 1999 pratap.edu.in 279 8 3102 95

161 Manipal University, Jaipur 2011 jaipur.manipal.edu 107 14 3890 230

162 Sunrise University, Alwar 2011 sunriseuniversity.in 16 0 1182 520

163 JK Lakshmipat University, Jaipur 2011 jklu.edu.in 150 17 2199 2697

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164 Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences &

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2012 mgumst.org 138 1 751 54

165 Maharaj Vinayak Global University, Jaipur 2012 mvgu.ac.in 130 6 1655 16

166 University of Engineering & Management, Jaipur 2012 uem.edu.in 0 4 2802 257

167 Career Point University, Aalniya, Kota 1993 cpur.in 184 27 3152 440

168 Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur 2012 vgu.ac.in 121 23 2132 1000

169 Poornima University, Jaipur 1999 poornima.edu.in 80 31 2065 979

170 Sangam University, Bhilwara 2003 sangamuniversity.ac.in 95 7 2418 25

171 Geetanjali University, Udaipur 2006 geetanjaliuniversity.com 187 15 2839 201

172 J.E.C.R.C University, Jaipur 2012 jecrcuniversity.edu.in 15 166 1739 1000

173 Pacific Academy of Higher Education & Research

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1995 pacific-university.ac.in 130 19 3032 347

174 NIIT University, Neemrana 2013 niituniversity.in 154 378 4266 1000



175 Maulana Azad University, Jodhpur 1998 manuu.ac.in 360 5 645 1000

176 Madhav University, Bharja 2014 madhavuniversity.edu.in 75 62 2963 24

177 OPJS University, Churu 2013 opjsuniversity.edu.in 86 113 2983 2140

178 Tantia University, Rajasthan 2013 tantiauniversity.com 121 13 845 824

179 Maharishi Arvind University, Jaipur 2015 maujaipur.org 99 7 . .

180 R.N.B. Global University, Bikaner 2015 rnbglobal.edu.in 207 16 0 942

181 Eastern Institute for Integrated Learning in

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1995 eiilmuniversity.ac.in . . 0 1000


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2004 iusikkim.edu.in 136 14 1996 788

183 Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok, Sikkim 1995 smu.edu.in 110 5 3654 7991

184 Vinayaka Missions Sikkim University, Gangtok,

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2008 vmsuniversity.in 123 1 1277 .

185 Shri Ramasamy Memorial University, Sikkim 2014 srmus.ac.in 101 4 1168 .


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1984 iutripura.edu.in 169 17 1637 697

187 AMITY University, Noida 2003 amity.edu 406 98 1820 1342

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188 Jagadgura Rambhadracharya Handicapped

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2001 jagadgururambhadracharya.org 53 49 1379 15

189 Integral University, Dashauli 2004 iul.ac.in 117 252 5142 17

190 Mangalayatan University, Aligarh 2006 mangalayatan.in 521 19 2935 1126

191 Mohammad Ali Jauhar University, Rampur 2006 jauharuniversity.edu.in 0 1 2999 307

192 Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad 2008 tmu.ac.in 172 10 3086 837

193 Sharda University, Greater Noida 2009 sharda.ac.in 428 39 3041 1082

194 Swami Vivekananda Subharti University, Meerut 2008 subharti.org 81 36 3290 1000

195 G L A University, Mathura 2010 gla.ac.in 234 7 3039 555

196 IFTM University, Moradabad 2002 iftmuniversity.ac.in . . 0 21

197 Invertis University, Bareilly 1998 invertisuniversity.ac.in 243 18 2932 528

198 Galgotias University, Greater Noida 1999 galgotiasuniversity.edu.in 434 28 2467 4078

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199 Shiv Nadar University, Lucknow 2011 snu.edu.in 163 86 . 887

200 Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow 1998 bbdu.ac.in 216 25 3031 43

201 Shri Venkateshwara University, Amroha 2010 svu.edu.in 50 58 486 324

202 Shobhit University, Meerut 2006 shobhituniversity.ac.in 132 61 2834 3764

203 Rama University, Hapur 2008 ramauniversity.ac.in 348 21 2967 114

204 Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Tindola 2000 srmcem.ac.in 0 2 2722 269

205 The Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole 2012 glocaluniversity.edu.in 151 6 2973 156

206 Monad University, Pilkhuwa 2010 monaduniversity.com 180 18 0 229

207 Noida International University, Noida 2011 niu.edu.in 246 10 3124 2464

208 Maharishi University of Information Technology,

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2001 maharishiuniversity.ac.in 1 0 1005 .

209 Jaypee University, Noida 2014 jaypeeu.ac.in 132 10 2984 .

210 J.S. University, Shikohabad 2015 jsu.ac.in 66 13 2481 .

211 Motherhood University, Haridwar 2005 motherhooduniversity.edu.in 127 0 3113 .

212 Graphic Era Hill University, Nainital 2011 gehu.ac.in 372 23 2957 126

213 DIT University, Dehradun 1998 dituniversity.edu.in . . 3239 447

214 IMS Unison University, Dehradun 1996 iuu.ac.in 120 9 . .

215 Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 2002 uttaranchaluniversity.ac.in 24 166 6601 443

216 Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun 2013 srhu.edu.in 244 13 2554 964



217 Dev Sanakrit Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar 2002 dsvv.ac.in 339 5 1139 1333

218 Himgiri Zee University, Dehradun 2003 himgirizeeuniversity.edu.in 95 1 390 644

219 Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India

(ICFAI), Dehradun

2003 iudehradun.edu.in 144 12 2706 631

220 University of Petroleum and Energy Studies,

Dehradun

2003 upes.ac.in 344 35 0 1000

221 University of Patanjali, Haridwar 2006 universityofpatanjali.com 16 0 3179 1601

222 Techno India University, Kolkata 2001 technoindiauniversity.ac.in 42 28 2939 318

223 The Neotia University, Sarisa 2015 tnu.in 124 15 2296 957

224 Adamas University, Kolkata 2014 adamasuniversity.ac.in 42 90 1837 11

225 Seacom Skills University, Kendangal 2014 seacomskillsuniversity.org 82 1 4687 .

226 University of Engineering and Management,

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2015 uem.edu.in 0 4 2802 257

227 JIS University, Kolkata 2000 jisuniversity.ac.in 163 11 3120 .

228 Amity University, Rajarhat 2014 amity.edu/kolkata 65 85 2089 46

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