Weathering- breaking down materials There are 2 main types of weathering: ____________________________ WEATHERING- physical forces break down the rock _____________ change the rock’s chemical composition (think tearing a piece of paper) Examples: _________________________ , unloading, biological activity ___________________________ WEATHERING- transformation of the rock into __________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ _____ (dissolving a marble gravestone, rusting) Examples: dissolution, reactions with oxygen, reactions with water
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Weathering- breaking down materials There are 2 main types of weathering: ____________________________WEATHERING- physical forces break down the rock.
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Weathering- breaking down materials
There are 2 main types of weathering: ____________________________WEATHERING- physical
forces break down the rock _____________change the rock’s chemical composition
(think tearing a piece of paper) Examples: _________________________, unloading,
transformation of the rock into __________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________
(dissolving a marble gravestone, rusting) Examples: dissolution, reactions with oxygen,
reactions with water
M.W.- Frost Wedging
Water can split rocks in 2!
When water freezes, it’s volume ________________(it expands)
M.W. - Biological Activity
The __________________of organisms, including ______________, burrowing ____________________, and ______________, can also cause mechanical weathering.
C.W.- Dissolution, reactions with water, reactions with air
Remember, the weathered materials are being CHEMICALLY CHANGED
Can involve acid precipitation When ________________________combines with
water it can form a ____________________
____________________________- ________________________________________ many substances and reacts with many minerals like marble
___________________________- over time, _______________________________to form oxides- _______ is IRON-OXIDE exposed to water
Chemical Weathering Example
A marble tombstone is exposed for many years and reacts with __________and ___________in the air to become __________________ __________________
Rate of Weathering How quickly something is weathered depends
on: The _______________________
Chemical weathering is most effective ___________ ________________________________________ Heat speeds up chemical reactions Reactions with water are one of our chemical
weathering types! The _________________________
Some rocks and minerals are more likely to be weathering than others
______________________________ The ______________________________to outside forces,
the ______________________________________
Check Ins
1. Define mechanical weathering
2. Define chemical weathering
3. What is frost wedging?
4. What happens to the volume of water when it freezes?
5. What atmospheric gas forms a mild acid when dissolved in water?
6. What factors affect the rate of weathering?
Soil
One of the MOST IMPORTANT products of weathering is soil
Soil is part of the _______________that _________________ _____________________________________________________ Regolith is the _____________________________________fragments
that covers most of the Earth’s surface
Soil has 4 main components1. ________________________________
2. ________________(decayed remains of organic
material) The main source is _______________
3. _________________
4. ____________
Soil Formation
The most important factors affecting soil formation are Parent material- where does the soil originate? ____________- the longer it’s been forming, the
thicker it becomes _________________- has the
_______________________ - best climate is warm and wet
Organisms- living and dead affect the nutrients in the soil
_____________- the ______________the slope, the ________________________________it is for soil to stay in place and accumulate
Soil Texture
What is the difference between these two soils?
THEY HAVE DIFFERENT _____________________
Soil Texture
Texture is determined by the ___________________________________ Sand (______________) Silt Clay (____________)
_______________is a mixture of all three sizes- it’s the __________________________ _____________________
Soil Texture
Soil pyramids are used to determine soil type based upon texture and vice-versa
No matter what, the percentages of sand, silt, and clay add to _____________%
How to read a soil triangle
Percent ________ is read across here
Percent __ _______is read diagonally down here
Percent _______ is read diagonally up here
Groundwater movement
Remember that soil supports plant life and that it contains the following 4 components Air ___________________ Humus Mineral matter
How water moves through soil is very important and depends on two factors ____________________: the
____________________________________________ Determines how much ______________________________________
_____________________: the _______________________________________through interconnected spaces Determines ____________________________________________________
Soil Erosion
Erosion = the ____________________ of weathered materials _____________and ___________are two
major erosional agents The rate of erosion depends on the
______________, the _____________of slopes, and type of _________________in the area
_________________and animals have a huge effect on rates of erosion.
Soil Erosion
Do you think the rates of erosion have increased or decreased because of humans?
What are some human activities that you think have accelerated the rates of soil erosion? (brainstorm with a partner)
Soil Erosion Human activities that accelerate erosion: