wd-03-33

A FIELD GUIDE FOR

CONSULTANTS & PUMPING TEST OPERATORS

For Small Production Wells Serving Small Community Water Systems

RevisedJuly2011

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DESWD0333

AFIELDGUIDEFORCONSULTANTS&PUMPINGTESTOPERATORSForSmallProductionWellsServingSmallCommunityWaterSystems

PreparedbyDianaMorgan,P.G.

WaterDivision,DrinkingWaterandGroundwaterBureau

NewHampshireDepartmentofEnvironmentalServices29HazenDrive;P.O.Box95Concord,N.H.033020095

6032712947www.des.nh.gov

ThomasS.Burack,CommissionerHarryT.Stewart,DirectorWaterDivision

RevisedJuly2011

2 2 TableofContents

I.INTRODUCTION 3

II.STANDARDPUMPINGTESTREQUIREMENTSOFENVDW301 4

A.SETUP 5 1.Pump 5 2.DischargeSetupandLocation 6 3.WaterLevelMeasurementEquipment 7 B.DISCHARGE 8 1.ConstantRate 8 2.MeasuringDischarge,Accuracy,&Equipment 9 C.WATERLEVELMEASUREMENTS 10 1.MeasurementFrequencyinNewWells 10 2.OtherWaterLevelMeasurements 10 3.Accuracy&EquipmentforMonitoringNonSystemorNeighboringWells 11 4.WeatherConditions 12

D.TROUBLESHHOTINGTHEPUMPINGTEST 12 E.WATERQUALITYSAMPLING 12 1.Timing 12 2.Lab 13 3.CollectionandDelivery 13 F.DURATION 13

G.RECOVERY 13

III.NONSTANDARDPUMPINGTESTREQUIREMENTS 14 A.HYDROFRACTUREORDEEPENING 14 B.REPLACEMENTWELLS 14 C.DEMONSTRATIONOFSOURCECAPACITY/INACTIVEWELLS 14

IV.TERMSANDABREVIATIONS 15

APPENDIXA:PUMPINGTESTLOG 16

APPENDIXB:GUIDEFORCREATINGA180DAYCHART 17 CreatingaSemiLogPlotinMSExcel 20

APPENDIXC:SDWAandQATERQUALITYSAMPLINGGUIDE 21 HowtoTakeWaterQualitySamplesDuringAPumpingTest 25

APPENDIXD:MPASAMPLINGGUIDANCE 27

3 3 I.INTRODUCTION

Anextremelyimportantpartofthewellsitingprocessisthepumpingtest,whichmustbeperformedasoutlinedinNewHampshireAdministrativeRulesEnvDw301,SmallProductionWellsforSmallCommunityWaterSystems.

Thepurposeoftherulesistoensurethatasmallcommunitywatersystemcanprovideenoughgoodqualitywaterfromitswellstomeetawatersystemsneeds.Thepumpingtestprovidesthedataneededtodetermineifawellcanmaintainaparticularyieldforlongperiodswithoutrain,snowmeltorotherrechargetotheaquifer.Thisguidewascreatedasatoolforpumpingtestoperatorsandapplicantstobetterunderstandhowtosatisfythepumpingtestrequirementsintherules.Whenanapplicantchoosestositeanewwell,apreliminaryreportincludingapumpingtestproposalwithwaterqualityanalysismustbesubmittedtoDES.Eitheroftwopumpingtestsmayberequiredforthepreliminaryreport,dependingonthewellsitingapplication.ThemostcommonpumpingtestistheStandardPumpingTest,butunderspecialsituationstheoperatormayneedtoperformaNonStandardPumpingTest.BothpumpingtestsareexplainedinthisguideandboththeStandardandNonStandardPumpingTestsectionsshouldbereadtobetterdetermineyourneeds.PLEASENOTE:Atemporarygroundwaterdischargepermitisrequiredbeforeapumpingteststarts.ContactMitchLockerat(603)2712858forapermitapplicationform.Thereisnoapplicationfeeassociatedwithatemporarydischargepermit,andtheapplicationcanusuallybecompletedandreceivedwithin10daysorless.Dischargingwatertoasurfacewaterbodyrequireswaterqualitysamplingandanalysisbeforeapermitisissued.

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II.STANDARDPUMPINGTESTREQUIREMENTSOFENVDW301BeforeStartingtheTestThepumpingtestoperatorshouldobtainacopyofthepumpingtestdesign,whichcontainsveryimportantinformationtheoperatorneedstoknowbeforebeginningthetest,includingtheproposedpumpingratesforallwellsbeingtested.Thishelpssizethepumpsandinlineflowmeters.Italsotellsifotherwellsorsurfacewatersneedtobemonitoredduringthetest;documentsthetypeofwaterlevelmonitoringequipmentthatshouldbeused;howoftenwaterlevelmeasurementsmustbetaken;describeswaterqualitysampling;frequencyofsampling;parameterstobesampled;whichlabtouse;andwhethertheoperatorortheconsultantisexpectedtocollectthesamples.Thepumpingtestproposalwillalsonoteifmicroscopicparticulateanalysis(MPA)samplingmustbedone.Thissamplingrequiresspecialplumbingforthefiltrationassemblythatmustbeinstalledpriortostartingthepumpingtest.Ifnopumpingtestdesignisavailable,besuretoasktheclientifthisisacommunitywatersupplywellandremindtheclientthatthesesupplywellsmustbeapprovedbythestate.Singlefamilyhomedevelopments(10housesormore),condos,apartmentcomplexes,mobilehomeparks,schoolswithdorms,andvacantacreagesuitableforsubdivisionareexamplesofexistingandpotentialhousingthatmightuseacommunitywatersupplysystemandrequireapprovalfromDES.Sometimes,nonstandardpumpingtestsarerequired.Theoperatormaybetestingawellthatisbeingreactivated,deepened,hydrofracturedorreplaced.ThesesituationshavedifferentpumpingtestrequirementsandaredealtwithinSectionIIIofthisguide.Theoperatorneedstoknowwhetherthewellisbeingtestedasanewwell,areplacement,orasarehabbedexistingwell.Replacementwellsaredrilledintothesameaquifertypeandinthesamegeneralareaasanexistingwellthatfailed.Whenareplacementwellissited,theexistingwellmustbeabandoned,unlessthewatersystemobtainsawaiver.PumpingtestrequirementsforreplacementwellsaredealtwithinSectionIIIofthisguide.Justbecauseawellisnewlydrilled,donotassumeitisa"new"wellinrelationtothepumpingtestrequirements.Ifthereisanexistingwellnearby,askifthenewoneisreplacingtheoldwellbeforeyouchargetheclientforastandardpumpingtest.Microscopicparticulateanalysissamplingwillberequiredifsurfacewateroraninundatedwetlandiswithin200feetofanewbedrockwellor100feetofanewgravelwell.MPAsamplinganalyzesthewellwaterforbiologicalindicatorsofsurfacewater.ThoughtheconsultantmayperformtheMPAsampling,theoperatorwillusuallysetuptheplumbingforthefilterdevice.GuidanceonMPAsamplingandthecorrectplumbingsetupareincludedinAppendixD.Itmaybenecessarytomeasurewaterlevelsinneighboringwells.Theapplicantwillhaveobtainedwrittenpermissionfromthewellownerpriortothepumpingtest.However,ifpossible,introduceyourselfandtelltheownerwhenvisitstothepropertyareplanned.Avoid

5 5 takingmeasurementsafterdarkonprivateproperty.SeeSectionC3formeasurementequipmentrecommendations.

A.SETUP

Trytosetupallpumps,plumbing,hoses,andotherequipmentatleastadayinadvancesoanyjointcompoundsorothermaterialsaredryanddonotaffectwaterqualityresults.Ifthewellischlorinatedaftersettingthepump,allowatleastadayforthechlorinetodissipate.Detectionsoftoluene,phthalates,andchloroforminthewellwaterarecommon,evenaftertwodaysofpumping.Thesecontaminantsareassociatedwithelectricaltape,PVCpipingusedforstillwatertubes,andchlorination.Awellcontaminatedbythesecompoundscannotbeapprovedwithoutfurthersamplingandanalysistodemonstratetheynolongerexistinthewellwater.Avoidusinglargequantitiesofelectricaltapesincethatisthemostcommonsourceofintroducedcontamination.Settingupadayortwoearlyalsoallowstheoperatortocheckallequipmenttomakesureitworks.Delaysinstartingthetestcancauseahugerippleeffectthatmightcosttheoperatorandtheclienttimeandmoney.Labtestsmayneedtoberescheduled,theconsultantmayhavetospendmoredaysinthefieldthanbudgeted,ortheoperatorstimemaybewastedchasingdownreplacementequipment.Ifequipmentisnottestedinadvanceandfailureoccursaftertheteststarts,thetestmaybestoppedorevencanceled,causingproblemsforboththeoperatorandtheclient.Theequipmentattachedtothedischargelineshouldincludeaninlinetotalizingmeter,avalvetocontrolflow,asamplingtapforwaterqualitysamples,and,ifnecessary,theplumbingforMPAsampling.Aseparatetubeshouldbeinserteddownthewellforeaseandaccuracyofwaterlevelmeasurements(stillwatertube).Plantomanthepumpingtestfortheduration.Evenifdataloggersareutilizedforwaterlevelmeasurement,thetestsiteshouldneverbeleftunattendedforlong.Vandalismhasoccurredinthepastatunattendedsites,somesevereenoughtoabortthetest.Inaddition,meterreadingsanddischargeratesmustberecordedatregularintervals.Mostdataloggersdonotrecordthisinformation.

1.Pump

Thepumpandelectricalservicemustbeabletorunfortheentiretestwithoutstopping.Thepumpshouldbesizedcorrectlytopumpattheratedesignatedinthepumpingtestdesign.Overorundersizedpumpscanmakeitdifficulttomaintainaconstantpumpingrate.Thepumpshouldbelocatedaboveawaterbearingfractureinthewellsothatwaterflowsupwardoverthepump,coolingit.Besuretheelectricalsupplymatchesthepump.Atwophasegeneratorwontrunathreephasepumpwithouttrippingthecircuitbreaker.Ifusingaportablegenerator,makesurethereisenoughfuelonhandtorunitforthewholetest.Storeextrafuelawayfromthewellhead.Thenifanyspillsoccurtheywillnotcontaminatethewell.Iftheoperatorleavesthetestsiteforanyreason,makesurethegeneratorisadequatelyfueledbeforeleaving.Ifrefuelingthegeneratorduringthetestwillbenecessary,outfititwithaplastic"diaper"tocatchanyspills.Layalargeheavymilplastic

6 6 sheetortarpflatonthegroundandbackthegeneratoroverit.Pullthesheetinguparoundthewheelsandsecureitwithducttapetoformacatchbasinunderthegenerator.Setafivegallonpailunderthefillerpipeasanextraspillcatcher.Spareequipment,suchasanextraelectronicwaterlevelmeasurementdeviceorgenerator,shouldbeonsiteorreadilyavailableincaseoffailure.Timespentsearchingforbackupequipmentmayresultinrepeatingthepumpingtest.Pleasenotethatifthepumpwillbepermanentlyinstalledinthewell,ratherthantemporarilyforthepumpingtestonly,thatpumpmustbeinstalledbyaNewHampshirelicensedpumpinstallerandthestilltubemustremaininthewellaftertestingisfinished.

2.DischargeSetupandLocation

Thedischargepipeshouldbeequippedwithagatevalveorsimilardevicetoregulateandmaintainaconstantpumpingrate.Aswaterlevelsfall,thedischargeratewillslowinresponsetohydraulicheadloss.Theoperatormustopenthevalveoccasionallyinordertomaintaintheconstantpumpingrate.Aninlineflowmetermustbeusedtodeterminetherate.Abucketandstopwatchisnotacceptable,thoughthismethodmaybeusedasaroughcheckofmeteraccuracy.Chooseameterthatreadsingallonsratherthancubicfeettomakerecordingflowrateseasier.Acumulativeortotalizingmeterisrecommendedsincetheoperatormustrecordmeterreadingsalongwiththepumpingrate.Awaterqualitysamplingtapisnecessary.Locatethetapwhereitisleastlikelytobeaffectedbyturbulenceinthepipe.Someofthesamplebottlesaresmallandrequireaslightbutsteadyflowtofill.Makesurethatthetypeoftapinstallediscapableofdeliveringthiskindofflow.Waterqualitytestingisveryexpensiveandasamplingtaphelpskeepthewatersamplesclean.Donottakewaterqualitysamplesfromtheendofthedischargehose.IfMPAsamplingisrequired,theoperatormustequipthedischargelinewithadivertervalveforthefilterassemblybeforepumpingisstarted.Verylowflows(12gpm)mustbemaintainedthroughthefilterassembly.Turbulencemustbeminimalinthefilter,sopressureregulationisveryimportant.SeethediagraminAppendixDforaschematicofthedivertersetup.Thedischargelinemustbelongenoughsothatthepumpedwaterwillnotaffecttheaquifersresponsetopumping.Agoodruleofthumbisatleastthelengthofthesanitaryprotectivearearadius,butitmayneedtobelongerdependinguponsiteconditions.AdischargelocationwasproposedinthePreliminaryReport,buttheproposedlocationmaynotbepracticalonthedayofthetest.Onsiteconditionsmaydictateadifferentsiteisnecessary.AnychangefromtheproposeddischargelocationrequiresDESapproval.DESpersonnelwillattendthepumpingtesttoassessthedischargelocationandsetup,andcanapprovechangesatthattime.Wetlands,flatterrain,sandysoil,exposedbedrock,oranurbansettingallofferchallengeswhenchoosingadischargelocationthatwillnotaffectpumpingtesthydraulics.Most

7 7 wetlandshaveanaturalormanmadeoutlet.Trytosetthedischargeasclosetothisoutletaspossible.Watershouldeasilyflowawayfromthewellsite.Searchoutnaturaldrainageareasandusethem.Forexample,thewellislocatedinalowspot.The200footdischargelinedumpsthewateruphill,butitrunsbacktowardsthewellhead,puddlingthere.Theoperatormustaddmorelengthstothedischargelineuntilthewaterflowsdowntheothersideofthehillandawayfromthewell.Ifthelandaroundthewellsiteisextremelysandyorbedrockoutcropsarenoted,thedischargepointmustbesetasfaraspossiblefromthewelltopreventpumpingtestwaterbeingdrawnbacktowardsthewell.Bringextrahoselengths(atlease1,000feet)incasethedischargelocationmustbemoved.Urbansettingsposedifferentkindsofproblems.Donotdischargepumpingtestwatertostormdrainsorroadsideditcheswithoutpermissionfromtheregulatingagency.TheN.H.DepartmentofTransportationfrownsondischarginganythingotherthanstormwaterontostaterightsofway,especiallywhenfreezingcanoccur.Donotfloodneighboringlots;theownerswillnotappreciateit.Inthiscaseashorterdischargelineorachangeinlocationmaybeappropriate.Monitorthedischargelocationperiodicallyduringthetesttomakesurenopondingoccurs.Checkforleaksinthelineandfixthem.Also,watershouldnotcauseerosionorscouringatthedischargepoint.Bringalargesquareofplywoodorsimilarmaterialtoplaceunderthehoseendorsetitonalargebouldertoavoidsoilerosion.NOTE:Unlessasurfacewaterdischargepermitwasobtained,watermaynotbepumpeddirectlyintoasurfacewaterbody.Pumpedwatershouldbedischargedontothegroundinanareawhereitwillreadilysinkinandatleast75feetbackfromthesurfacewaterbody.Dischargingwaterfromanunapprovedsourceintothewatersystemstoragetankisusuallynotallowed,butinsomecasesmaybenecessarytoadequatelysupplythewatersystem.ObtainpermissionfromtheDESDrinkingWaterandGroundwaterBureaupriortodischargingpumpedwaterintoastoragetank.ContactCindyKlevensat(603)2713108forfurtherinformation.Pleasenote,aflowmeter,samplingtap,andamethodforcontrollingtheflowrateonthedischargelineareallstillnecessaryifpumpedwaterisdirectedintothestoragetank.Anoverflowlinefromthetankmayalsobenecessary.

3.WaterLevelMeasurementEquipment

Alwaysmeasurewaterlevelsfromthesamepointonthetopofthecasing.Waterlevelsmustbemeasuredwithadevicecapableofreadingtolessthananinchandrecordedineitherfractionsofaninchor100thsofafoot(0.00).ThereasonforthisisthatDESdefinesstabilizationasawaterlevelthatvarieslessthananinchintwohoursfora12hourperiod.Thismeansthatfortheentire12hoursthewaterlevelcannotchangemorethananinchpereachtwohourblockoftime.Electronicmeasurementequipmentshouldbeused.Makesureallpersonnelknowhowtoreadthetapeontheelectronicprobebeforestartingthetest.Sometapesreadininches,othersin10thsofafoot.Othersmayonlyreadinfeet.Someequipmentevenreadsininchesand10thsofafoot,oneoneithersideofthetape.Knowtheequipment!Remember,waterlevelsmustbereadandrecordedatlessthananinch.One

8 8 inchequals0.083feet,soifanelectronictapeiscalibratedin10thsofafoot,theoperatorneedstobeabletodetermineavariationof0.08feet.Thisrequiresmeasuringtothenearest100thofafoot.Ifthescaleonthetapedoesnotreadto100thsofafoot,orifthescaleisininches,ametricruleoracarpenterstapeisnecessarytoread100thsofafootorfractionsofaninchbetweenthetickmarksonthetape.Theeasiestwaytodothisistomeasurefromthenearestfootmarkontheprobetape.Remembertomeasureupfromthelowerfootmark,notdownfromthehigher.Itseasiertoaddthansubtract.Pressuretransducerswithdataloggersmaybeused,butshouldbecheckedoftentoavoidhavingtorestartorrepeatthetestincaseofafailure.Beware!Thesedevicesmayappeartoberecordingwaterlevels,butwhendownloadedthedataisabsent.Ifunfamiliarwithdataloggers,makesuretogetsometrainingonsettingupandrunningone.Ifmultiplewellsarebeingtestedamultichanneldataloggercanbethemostefficientmeasurementtool.However,thesedevicesarecomplicatedtosetupandrun.Thoroughlyunderstandhowthedeviceworksbeforeusingit.Atrialrunisadvisedafewdaysbeforestartingthepumpingtest.Trytohavealaptopcomputerinthefieldtoperiodicallydownloaddataandcheckthatthedeviceisworking.Astillwatertubemustbeusedforwaterlevelmeasurementstoavoidgettingtheprobestuckinthewell,andfaultyreadingscausedbywatercascadingfromfracturesabovethewaterlevel,orfrompumpturbulence.BecarefulwhenchoosingPVCpipeforthemeasurementtube.Someiscoatedwitharesinthatcontaminatesthewatersample.Flexibletubingcankink,especiallywhenusedinverydeepwells.Kinksorbendsinthetubewillmakeitimpossibletolowertheprobepasttheobstruction.Makesurethediameterofthetubeislargeenoughtoaccommodatetheprobe.Oneinchisusuallylargeenough.Eachwellbeingtestedshouldhaveitsownwaterlevelmonitoringdevice.Completelyremovingthetapefromthewellateachmeasurementistimeconsuming,cancausethetapetokinkgivinginaccuratereadings,ormayintroducecontaminantsintothewell.

B.DISCHARGENote:Ifthewellheadisfloodedorthereisanypondedwaterwithin20feetofthewellhead,donotstartthepumpingtestuntiltheareaisdry.Ifopenslurrypitsarelocatednearthewellhead,theymustbefilledinbeforestartingthetest.Thestandingwatermaycontainbacteriaormicrobesthatmightreachthewellwaterandcausefalsepositivesinwaterqualityanalyses.

1.ConstantRate

Thenewwellandallotherwellsneededtomeetthesystemssourcecapacityrequirementsmustbepumpedtogetherataconstantrate.Systemsourcecapacityshouldbelistedinthepumpingtestdesignsubmittedwiththepreliminaryapplication.Newwellsmustbepumpedattheirproposedpermittedproductionvolume(PPV).Existingwells,ifnotneededtodemonstratesourcecapacity,shouldbeshutoffduringthepumpingtest.Ifshutting

9 9 downexistingwellsisimpracticalorthewellsareneededtodemonstratesourcecapacity,theymustbepumpedateithertheirPPVorthevolumeneededtosupplythesystem,evenifthatmeansdischargingexcesswaterontotheground.Ifnotshutdownorrunataconstantrate,pumpscyclingonandoffcancausewaterlevelsinthenewwellstojumparoundandastablewaterlevelcannotbereached.However,iftheexistingwellsarefarenoughawaytonotaffectwaterlevelsinthewellsbeingtested(1,000ft.),theydonotneedtobeshutdownduringthetest.Thepumpingratesforallwells,newandexisting,shouldbeoutlinedinthepumpingtestdesign.NewwellsmaybepumpedatvolumesgreaterthanthePPVaslongasthetotalrateforallnewwellsdoesnotexceed40gallonsperminute(gpm),oravolumeof57,600gallonsoverany24hourperiod.Wellsthatpumpmorethan40gpmareregulatedbyrulesrequiringmoretechnicalanalysisandinvolvelonger,moresophisticatedpumpingtests.Dividethepermittedproductionvolumeby1,440togetthedischargerateingpm.

2.MeasuringDischarge,Accuracy,&Equipment

Changingthepumpingrateduringthetestcauseswaterlevelsinthewelltochangetoo.Theconsultantusesthesewaterlevelstotellhowtheaquiferreactswhenpumped.Changingthepumpingratecloudsthispicture,makingithardtoassessaquiferconditions.Forthatreason,thepumpingratemaynotchangemorethan+/5percentafterthefirstsixhoursofpumping.Fora10gpmwellthismeans+/gpm,+/1gpmfora20gpmwell,and+/2gpmfora40gpmwell.Dischargemustbemeasuredwithadevicethatcangivethiskindofaccuracy,preferablyanondigitalinlinecumulativewatermeterortheequivalent.Dischargemeasurementsmustbetakenevery15minutesforthefirst2hoursandatleastonceeveryhourafterthat.Manyoperatorsfailtotakethismeasurementoftenenough.Alsorecordthemeterreadingbeforethestartandaftertheendofthetestandonceeveryhourduringthetest.

Somemetersreadingallonsonly,othersingallonsperminute(gpm),andsomemayevenreadincubicfeetpersecond.Knowtheequipment!Ifadevicereadsingallonsonly,usuallyacumulativemeter,theoperatorwillneedtodeterminegpm.Thebestmethodfordoingthisistotaketworeadingsoneminuteapartandsubtractthesmallerreadingfromthelargerone.Dothisseveraltimesandaveragetheresults.Ifthemeterreadsincubicft/sec,notethisonthelog.DESdiscouragestheuseofdigitalflowmeterscommonlyusedtomeasureflowinpumphouses.Unlessthesemetersareroutinelycalibrated,theymaygivefaultyreadingsandrarelyprovidethe+/5percentaccuracyrequired.Althoughitmakesformoreworkfortheoperator,anewinlineflowmeter,whichisproperlycalibrated,shouldprovideaccurateresults.

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C.WATERLEVELMEASUREMENTS

1.MeasurementFrequencyinNewWells

Recordthewaterlevelmeasurementsfromthetopofthewellcasinginfeet,inchesandfractionsofaninch,orinfeet,10thsand100thsofafoot,andwritedowntheelapsedtimeinminutesfromthestartofthetestforeachwaterlevelmeasurement.Enteralldataonawelllogsheet.Asamplelogsheet,foryouruse,canbefoundinAppendixA.Eachwellshouldhaveitsownlogsheet.Puttingseveralcolumnsofwaterlevelsononesheetleadstomistakes.Itisveryeasytorecordawaterlevelinthewrongcolumn.Ifyouknowwhenyoushouldbetakingwaterlevelanddischargemeasurements,youcanfillintheelapsedtimecolumnbeforethepumpingtesttosavetimeduringit.Thepumpshouldhavebeenoffforatleast24hoursbeforestartingthetest.Thisallowsthewelltofullyrecoverifpumpoperationwastestedduringsetup.Recordthestaticwaterleveljustbeforestartingthepump.Donotrecordthestaticwaterlevelearlier.Atmosphericpressurecanaffectwaterlevelsinnonpumpingwells,sothestaticwaterleveltodayisapttodifferfromyesterday.Measureandrecordwaterlevelsevery5minutesforthefirsthourofpumping.Thismayrequiresomescramblingifseveralwellsarebeingtestedatonce,sincepumpingratemustalsobemeasuredandregulatedfrequentlyduringthefirsthour.Considerusingextrahelpersforthefirsthour,especiallyiftestingmorethanonewell.Onepersoncanregulateandrecorddischargeratewhileanotherismeasuringandrecordingwaterlevels.Afterthefirsthouroftesting,waterlevelsmustbetakenatleasteveryhouroratthefrequencythatwasproposedintheapprovedpumpingtestdesign.Ifthepersonwhodesignedthepumpingtestisnotpresentduringthetest,theoperatorshouldhaveacopyofthepumpingtestdesignasapprovedinthepreliminaryreportbeforebeginningthetest.Donotstartthepumpingtestwithoutknowinghowitwasproposedinthepreliminaryreport.Iftheconsultantdoesnotsupplyyouwithacopyofthepumpingtestproposal,contactDESforone.

2.OtherWaterLevelMeasurements

Ifthereisanysurfacewaterbodyorinundatedwetlandwithin150feetofthewell(s),waterlevelsmustbemeasuredtherealso.Aninundatedwetlandisonethatisfloodedforatleast30consecutivedays.Thepumpingtestproposalshouldnoteifsurfacewaterorwetlandsmustbemonitored.Useastaffgaugeorsimilardevicetotakereadingsbeforepumpingstartsandevery12hoursthereafter(oratthefrequencystatedinthepumpingtestdesign).Themeasurementdeviceshouldbeaffixedtoastakedrivenintothebottomofthesurfacewaterbody.Besurethecalibratedsideofthedeviceisfacingthebank.Ayardstickworkswellforthis.However,besuretorecordtheprepumpingwaterlevelregardlessofthedeviceused.

11 11 IfMPAsamplingisrequired,thepumpingtestoperatormayalsoberesponsibleformeasuringpH,specificconductance,andtemperatureofthedischargedwellwaterandthenearestsurfacewater.Ifso,makesuretheequipmentnecessaryforthesemeasurementsisonhand.Chooseameasurementpointonthesurfacewaterbodythatisbothnearandaccessible.Putastakewithflaggingatthemeasuringpoint.Forsafetyreasons,DESdoesnotexpecttheoperatortotakesurfacewatermeasurementsduringnighttimehours.Thoughnorequirementsregardingthefrequencyofthesemeasurementshavebeendeveloped,DESrecommendstakingmeasurementsatleasthourlyforthefirsteighthours.SeeAppendixDforcompletedirectionsforMPAsampling.

3.Accuracy&EquipmentforMonitoringNonSystemorNeighboringWells

DESrecommendselectronicequipmentformeasuringwaterlevelsinthesewells;however,toreduceoperatingcosts,atapeandploppercanbeusedinprivatewells.Whenusingonebecarefulnottotangleitinthepumpwires.Alwaysmarkthetapewithbluecarpenterschalk.Takeatleastthreereadingsforeachmeasurementandaveragethem.Dryandrechalkthetapebetweeneachreading.Readthetapetofractionsofaninch.Wheneveraninvasivedeviceisusedinanonsystemwell,samplethewellforbacteriapriortodeployingthedevice.Newermodelnoninvasivesonicmeters,oftencalledpingers,areallowedforallwellsotherthantheproductionwellbeingtested.Makesurethemeterreadsto100thsofafootandwasrecentlycalibrated.DESrecommendssonicwaterleveldevicesformonitoringprivatewells,ifpossible,duetothenoninvasivenatureofthedevice.Thedeviceoperatesbybouncingsoundwavesoffobjects.Thetimeittakesforthesoundwavetoleaveandreturntothemeterisrecordedandthedistancetotheobjectiscalculated.However,becareful.Theydonotworkonallwells.Forthesonicdevicetoworkproperly,thesoundwavemustbounceoffthewaterinthewell.Ifthereareanyobstructionsinsidethecasing,likewireguides,themetermayonlyberecordingthedepthtothatobject.Alwaystestasonicdeviceonawellbeforeutilizingone.Takeameasurement,andthenaskthehomeownertoflushatoiletorturnonanoutsidespigot.Themeasurementshouldchange.Ifitdoesnot,trydifferentspotsinsidethecasing.Onceithasbeendeterminedthatthedeviceworksforaparticularwell,markthemeasuringpointwithanindeliblemarkerandalwaysusethesamespot.Thatwaythedeviceisalwaysbouncingsoundwavesoffwaterandnotsomethingelselikeawireguide.Realitycheckthemeasurementsyoutakeinprivatewells.Forinstance,ifyouseesteamcomingfromadryervent,itissafetoassumethehomeownerhasrecentlydonealoadoflaundry.Ifyourwaterlevelhasnotchangedsincethelastreadingsomethingmaynotbeworkingproperly.Doublecheckyourreadingwithanotherdeviceoraskthehomeownertorunwaterandcheckthatthemeasurementchanges.Dataloggersareextremelyusefulformonitoringothersystemwellsandneighboringnonsystemwell.Makesuretheprobewillfitdownthewellandfollowalldisinfectionprotocols.

12 12 4.WeatherConditions

Precipitationdatamustbecollectedforoneweekpriortotesting.Theconsultantmayassumeresponsibilityforthistask,butfindoutifyouareexpectedtodoso.Theoperatormustrecordonthelogsheetallrainorsnoweventsandotherweatherconditionsatleasttwicedailythroughoutthetestingandrecoveryperiod.Trytomeasurerainfallamountsusingaraingauge,andsetoneupeveniffairweatherispredicted.Alsomakenotesdescribingtheintensity,frequencyanddurationofallrainevents.Forinstance,offandondrizzlefor6hours,orheavydownpourfor15minutesfollowedby2hoursofmoderaterain.

D. TroubleshootingthePumpingTest

Thingscangowronginapumpingtestandfrequentlydo.Ifwaterlevelsaredroppingtoofastanddewateringappearslikely,throttlebackthepumpingrate.Donotwaituntilwaterlevelsdroptotheelevationofthepumpbeforetakingaction!Theexperiencedoperatorcanusuallytellwithinthefirsthourifthewellisbeingpumpedattoohigharate.Waterlevelchangesofmorethanacouplefeetevery5minutesattheendofthefirsthourusuallymeanstheaquiferisbeingoverstressedandthewellwillprobablynotreachstabilizationor,worse,dewater.Ifanythingaffectspumpingduringthetest,rememberthatpumpingataconstantrateforatleast12hoursisneededtodeterminestabilizationandpumping24hoursataratethatvarieslessthan+/5percentisrequired.Examplesofeventsthatmayaffectpumpingarethegeneratorrunningoutoffuelandpumporelectricalfailures.Noteallchangesmadeduringthetestonthelogsheetandthereasonsforthechange.

Thetestmayruntheentire48hoursandnotreachstabilization.Ifwaterlevelsdonotmeetthelessthananinchinanytwohourperioddefinitionofstabilizationattheendof48hours,eitherreducetherateandcontinuepumpinguntilstabilizationisreached,ordetermineifthe180dayestimatedwaterlevelmeetsstabilizationrequirementsasdefinedbyEnvDw301.Usually,theconsultantwillmakethisdeterminationforyou.SeeAppendixBforanexplanationofhowtodeterminethe180daywaterlevelestimate,ifnecessary.E.WATERQUALITYSAMPLING

1.Timing

Unlessproposeddifferentlyinthepumpingtestdesign,thewatersamplesmustbetakenrightattheendofthetestbeforeshuttingdownthepump.AfullSafeDrinkingWaterAct(SDWA)analysismustbedone.AlistingoftheparametersforthatanalysiscanbefoundinAppendixC.ChecktheDESwebsiteforthemostcurrentversionofthislist.(www.des.nh.gov.GototheAtoZLISTandsearchforDrinkingWaterandGroundwaterBureau,andthensearchforAnalyticalRequirementsforCommunityPublicWaterSystems.)

13 13 IfusingtheDESLaboratoryfortheanalyses,schedulethetestsinadvance((603)2713445or3446).Besuretocoordinatethelaboratorysampleanalysiswiththetimingofthepumpingtest.Commerciallabsmayalsorequireschedulingofthetests.Makesuretocheckwithanylabbeforeassumingtheywillacceptorbeabletoprocessthesampleswithintheholdingtime.GenerallywatersamplesshouldnotbetakenonaFridayafternoon,sinceholdingtimesonsomeparametersarelessthan48hours.

2.Lab

ThelaboratorychosenmustbeaccreditedbythestateofNewHampshireforalldrinkingwatercategoriesbeingtested,useapprovedmethods,andbeabletomeetrequireddetectionlimits.Alistoflabsandtheparameterstheyareaccreditedtoanalyzecanbefoundatwww.des.nh.gov.GototheAtoZLISTandsearchforDrinkingWaterandGroundwaterBureau,andthensearchforAccreditedLaboratoriesforDrinkingWaterAnalysis.

3.CollectionandDelivery

Beverycarefulwhencollectingwatersamplesandalwaysuseasamplingtap.Thiswillhelpensurethesampleisnotcontaminatedduringthecollectionprocess.Ifpossible,wearlatexglovesandavoidtouchingtheinsidesofboththesamplebottlesandtheircaps.DirectionsfortakingwatersamplescanbefoundinAppendixC.Anycontaminationintroducedintoawatersamplewillmakeituseless,andadditionaltestingwillhavetobeperformed.ThefullrangeoftestingforSDWAcostsover$1,000forjustonewell,andthisdoesnotincludethecostofMPA.Also,storethesamplesinacoolerwithice,notcoldpacks,whiletransportingthemtothelab.Mostlabswillmeasurethetemperatureofthesampleswhentheyarriveandrejectanysamplewarmerthan50F.

F.DURATION

Asmallproductionwellpumpingtestmustberunforatleast48hours.Apumpingtestcanbestoppedafter48hoursonlyifstabilizationhasoccurred.SeeSectionIIA3foradefinitionofstabilization.DESurgesthepumpingtestoperatortocontactthepersonwhodesignedthepumpingtestbeforeshuttingdownawellinwhichawaterlevelhasnotstabilized.DESmayalsobecontactedat(603)2712947foradvice.G.RECOVERYThesmallcommunitywellsitingrulesrequirethepumpingtestoperatortorecordwaterlevelsduringtherecoveryperiod.Thereisnosetscheduleformeasuringwaterlevelsduringrecoveryaslongasatleast10measurementsaretakenandrecorded.Therecoveryperiodmustlastuntilthewellhasrecovered95percentor24hours,whicheverisshortest.

14 14

III.NONSTANDARDPUMPINGTESTREQUIREMENTSBeforeStartingtheTestNote:Pumpingratesforsomeofthesetestsmayexceed40gpm,ifsuchayieldwasoriginallyapprovedforanexistingwell.Iftheownerofthewellintendstousetheincreasedyieldtoaddserviceconnectionstothewatersystem,thenafullnewcommunitywellandsystemdesignreviewapprovalmustbeobtainedThepumpingtestoperatorshouldobtainacopyofthepumpingtestdesignifhedidnotproposethetest.Thedesigncontainsveryimportantinformationtheoperatorneedstoknowbeforebeginningthetest,suchastheproposedpumpingratesforallwellsbeingtested.Thishelpssizethepumps,ifnecessary,andinlineflowmeters.Italsotellsthelengthofthetest,ifotherwellsorsurfacewatersneedtobemonitoredduringthetest,thetypeofwaterlevelmonitoringequipmentthatshouldbeused,andhowoftenwaterlevelmeasurementsmustbetaken.Thedesignalsodescribeswaterqualitysampling,frequencyofsampling,parameterstobesampled,whichlabisbeingused,andwhethertheoperatorortheconsultantisexpectedtocollectthesamples.RefertoSetupinSectionIIforinformationonsettingupthewellheadanddischargeforthetest.A.HydrofractureorDeepeningtoRegainLostWellCapacityThedeepenedorhydrofracturedwellmustbepumpedataconstantrateforatleastsixhoursattheyieldestablishedwhenthewellwasoriginallyapproved,ortheyieldtherehabbedwelliscapableofproducing,whicheverisless.Iftheownerwishestousethewellatahigheryieldthanwasoriginallyestablished,thenastandardpumpingtestmustbeperformedandanewwellsitingapplicationsubmitted.Waterlevels,dischargerate,andmeterreadingsshouldberecordedatregularintervalsduringthepumpingperiod.Awaterqualitysamplemustbecollectedjustpriortoshutdown,andanalyzedforallcurrentdrinkingwaterparameters.Norecoveryperiodisrequired,butishighlyrecommended.B.ReplacementWellsThereplacementwellmustbepumpedataconstantrateforatleasttwelvehours.Thepumpingrateinthereplacementwellcanbenogreaterthantheapprovedyieldoftheexistingwellbeingreplaced.WaterlevelmeasurementsmustbetakeninthesamemannerasoutlinedinSectionIIC.Awaterqualitysamplemustbecollectedjustpriortoshutdown,andanalyzedforalldrinkingwaterstandards.Norecoveryperiodisrequired,butishighlyrecommended.C.DemonstrationofSourceCapacityonExistingInactiveWellsTypicallythesepumpingtestsfollowthestandardpumpingtestrequirementsoutlinedinSectionII.Exceptionsaremade,socheckwiththeclientorDESpriortostartingoneofthesetests.Ifanonstandardtestisallowed,followtherequirementsforReplacementWellsabove.

ForFurtherInformation,visitwww.des.nh.govorcall(603)2712947.

15 15

IV.TermsandAbbreviationsAquiferAnundergroundwaterbearinggeologicformation;fracturedrockorsandandgravel.

CommunityWaterSystemApublicwatersystemthatserves15serviceconnectionsor25residents,yearround.

ConstantPumpingRateOnethatdoesnotvarymorethan+/5percent.

DischargeTheprocessofpumpingwaterfromawellandmovingthewatertoanotherlocation.

DataloggerAcomputerizedelectronicdevicethatautomaticallyrecordswaterlevels.

DESTheNewHampshireDepartmentofEnvironmentalServices

DWGBTheDESDrinkingWaterandGroundwaterBureau.

EnvDw301TheAdministrativeRulesregulatingthesitingofwellspumpingataratelessthan40gpmforsmallcommunitywatersystems(smallwells).

GroundwaterWaterstoredinwaterbearingundergroundgeologicformations.

NonSystemWellsThosenotownedorutilizedbytheapplicantswatersystem.Maybepublicorprivate.

MicroscopicParticulateAnalysis(MPA)Samplingthatanalyzeswhetherorganismscommontosurfacewater,butrareingroundwater,existintheproductionwellwater.

PermittedProductionVolume(PPV)ThemaximumwatervolumepermittedbyDESthatmaybewithdrawnfromthewellinany24hourperiodanddeterminedbythepumpingtest.

PreliminaryReportReportsubmittedtoDESbytheapplicantorconsultantthatoutlineshowthepumpingtestwillbeoperated.

PrivateWellsThosenotownedbythesystembeingtestedorbyanotherpublicwatersystem.

RecoveryTheperiodjustafterapumpisshutdownwhenthewaterlevelinthewellreturnstoaprepumpingcondition.

SDWAThefederalSafeDrinkingWaterAct

StillWaterTubeAnytubeplacedinawellthroughwhichwaterlevelmeasurementsaretaken.

SurfaceWaterAnybodyofstandingorflowingwater,suchasalake,pond,streamorwetland.

WetlandAnyareathatisinundatedforgreaterthan30daysandsupportsvegetationtypicallyadaptedforlifeinsaturatedsoilconditions.

16 16 AppendixA

PumpingTestLog

WaterSystemName:_____________________________________EPAID#:_______________________________

DescriptionofWellLocation:_____________________________________________________________________

WellDepth:________________DepthofPumpIntake/Screen:__________________________________________

ReferencePointUsedtoMeasureDepths:____________________CasingStickup:________________________

TestPerformerName:__________________________________________________________________________

DateTestStarted:_______________________________Static(NoPumping)WaterLevel:___________________

Day/Time

ElapsedTime

DepthtoWater

PumpingRate

Comments/Weather/MeterReading

17 17 AppendixB

GuideforCreatinga180DayTime/DrawdownChart

Thecriterionforendingapumpingtestafter48hoursisstabilization.Theprimarymethodfordeterminingstabilizationisreachingawaterlevelthatvariesnomorethanoneinchintwohoursfora12hourperiod.Oftenapumpingtestwillnotreachstabilizationbythismethod.Anothermeansfordeterminingstabilizationisthe180daytime/drawdownchart.Thisisasemilogarithmicgraphthatestimateswhatthewaterlevelinthewellwouldbeat180days.Itassumesthedrawdowntrendattheendofthepumpingtestdoesnotchangeandthatpumpingcontinuesataconstantratefor180dayswithnorecharge.Iftheresultingestimatedwaterlevelismorethanfivefeetabovethelevelofthepump,thereshouldbeenoughwateravailableforthesystemsneeds.Beginbyrecordingthepumpingtestwaterlevelmeasurementsandtheelapsedtimesatwhichthemeasurementsweretaken.Thesedatapointswillbegraphedonasemilogarithmicplot.Asemilogplothasoneaxisinlogarithmicscaleandtheotherinnormalscale.Eachincrementonalogarithmicaxisis10timesthepreviousone.Forexample,alogaxiswithamaximumof1,000wouldhavetheincrements1,10,100and1,000.Thelinesonthegraphbetween1and10represent2,3,4,,andtheonesbetween10and100are20,30,40,,etc.(Seethesemiloggraphbelow.)Plotthedataonsemiloggraphpaperorbycomputer.DirectionsforcreatingasemilogplotinMSExcelcanbefoundinthenextsectionoftheGuide.Whencreatingtheplot,timeinminutesshouldbegraphedonthelogarithmicscaleaxis(usuallytheXaxis)anddrawdowninfeetonthenormalscaleaxis(usuallytheYaxis).MarkthepointsonthegraphbymatchingthedrawdownmeasurementontheYaxistotheelapsedtimeontheXaxis.Forexample,thegraphbelowshowsonemeasurementof11.51feettakenat10minutesintothetest.

Semi-log Graph

0

5

10

15

1 10 100 1000Time (min) [x axis]

Dra

wdo

wn

(ft) [

y ax

is]

18 18 Therestofthemeasurementsarethenplottedthesameway.SamplePlot1employsthedatapointslistedinthetablebelow.Forsimplicity,onlyfourdrawdownmeasurementsareplotted.Useallthemeasurementstakenduringthepumpingtest.

Time(min) Drawdown(ft) 10 11.51 60 21.24 120 23.46 360 25.03

Sample Plot 1

05

1015202530

1 10 100 1000

Time (min)

Nowextendthetimeaxisoutto180days,or259,200minutesandthedrawdownaxisto20or30feetmorethanthelargestdrawdownmeasurement,asinSamplePlot2.

Sample Plot 2

01020304050

1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000

Time (min)

Drawabestfitlinebylayingaruleralongthedatapointstakenfromthelast12to36hoursofthetestandmarkingastraightlinethroughthem.Extendthestraightlineouttothe180daypoint,or259,200minutes,asshowninSamplePlot3.

19 19

Sample Plot 3

01020304050

1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 10000000

Time (min)

Readthedrawdownat180daysfromthechart.Inthisinstancethatwaterlevelisapproximately35feet.Ifthiswaterlevelisbelowthepump,eitherlowerthefinalelevationofthepumporcontinuethepumpingtest,usingaslowerpumpingrate.After12hoursofpumpingataconstantrate,repeattheprocessaboveifstabilizationisnotreachedbytheprimarymethod.Pleasenotethatthepumpingratemaynotvarymorethan+/5percentforatleast24consecutivehours.Thismaymeanextendingthetestforanotherdayorlonger.

20 20

CreatingASemiLogPlotinMSExcel

Step1. PlotthedataintwocolumnsinanMSExcelspreadsheet.HeadthecolumnswiththetitlesoftheXandYaxes,usuallyelapsedtimeintheXaxiscolumnandwaterlevelintheY.IfyouwanttimeontheXaxis,besuretolistthesedatapointsinthefirstcolumn.Highlightbothcolumnsincludingtheheaders.

Step2. ClickonInsertandthenChart.Step3. Choosexy(scatter).Step4. Choosethestyleyouwantbyclickingontheappropriatebox.Step5. Clicknexttwice.Step6. Fillintheappropriateboxesforallthetabs.Checkmajorandminorgridlinesonthe

Xaxisvaluessectionofthegridlinestab.Ifplottingpumpingtestresultsforonlyonewell,unchecktheshowlegendboxonthelegendtab.

Step7. Clicknext.Step8. Clickfinish.Step9. Movethecharttoitsfinallocationbyclickingonituntilthecornerboxesshow,and

thendragthechartintoposition.Step10. RightclickontheXaxisdatanumbers.Step11. Chooseformataxisfromthepopupmenu.Step12. Clickthescaletabandclickintheboxlabeledlogarithmicscaleatthebottomof

thewindow.Changethemaximumscaleto1,000,000.Ifnecessary,changethemajorandminorunitto10.

21 21 AppendixC

GuidanceforConductingandReportingSDWAAnalyses

ForNewCommunityWellsandGroundwaterSourcesofBottledWater

Thefollowingparametersarerequiredforwaterqualityanalysisofanewdrinkingwatersourceforacommunitywatersupplysystemorsourceofbottledwater.Thisguidancewillbeupdatedperiodically.Theapplicantisresponsibleforobtainingandusinguptodateinformation.ContactDESat(603)2712947withquestionsandforthemostrecentguidance.

Thelaboratorymust: ApplyEPAapproveddrinkingwatermethods. Havecurrentdrinkingwatercertificationforallanalyses.

Identifyallsubcontractedanalyses,laboratoriesandtheircertification.

Parameter Group MCL(mg/l) Trigger(mg/l)

E.coli Bio Absent Presence

FecalColiform Bio Absent Presence

TotalColiform Bio Absent Presence

Arsenic IOC 0.010 0.005

Aluminume IOC 0.05e0.2 0.05

Barium IOC 2 1

Cadmium IOC 0.005 0.0025

Chlorided IOC 250d 250

Chromium IOC 0.1 0.05

Copperc IOC 90%oftriggerc 1.3

Copperd IOC 1.0d 1.3

Cyanide(asfreeC) IOC 0.2 0.1

Fluoridea IOC 4.0a 2.0

Fluorided IOC 2.0d 2.0

Irond IOC 0.3d 0.3

Leadc IOC 90%oftriggere 0.015

Manganesed IOC 0.05d 0.05

Mercury IOC 0.002 0.001

Nickeln IOC n.e.n

Nitrate(asN) IOC 10 5

Nitrite(asN) IOC 1 0.5

Selenium IOC 0.05 0.025

Silvere IOC 0.1e 0.1

Sodiume IOC 100250e 250

Sulfated IOC 250d 250

Sulfidee IOC 0.05e 0.05

Antimony IOC 0.006 0.003

Beryllium IOC 0.004 0.002

22 22 Parameter Group MCL(mg/l) Trigger(mg/l)

Thallium IOC 0.002 0.001

Zincd IOC 5d 5

pHd IOC 6.58.5d 8.5

Uranium(Mass) Rad 30ug/L IfDetected

Radium226e Rad n.e.e

Radium228e Rad n.e.e

Radium226&228(Combined) Rad 5piC/l IfDetected

AnalyticalGrossAlphae Rad n.e.e

Radonk Rad n.e.k

ComplianceGrossAlpha Rad 15piC/l IfDetected

BetaParticlesi Rad 4mrem/yri IfDetected

Endrin SOC 0.002 IfDetected

Lindane SOC 0.0002 IfDetected

Methoxychlor(DMDT,Martate) SOC 0.04 IfDetected

Toxaphene SOC 0.003 IfDetected

Dalaponh SOC 0.2h IfDetected

Diquath SOC 0.02h 0.02Endothallh SOC 0.1h 0.1Glyphosate SOC 0.7 IfDetected

Di(2ethylhexyl)adipate SOC 0.4 IfDetected

Oxamyl(Vydate) SOC 0.2 IfDetected

Simazine SOC 0.004 IfDetected

Di(2ethylhexyl)phthalate SOC 0.006 IfDetected

Picloram SOC 0.5 IfDetected

Dinoseb SOC 0.007 IfDetected

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene SOC 0.05 IfDetected

Aldicarbsulfoxide SOC 0.004 IfDetected

Aldicarbsulfone(aldoxycarb) SOC 0.002 IfDetected

Carbofuran(Furadon,4F) SOC 0.04 IfDetected

Aldicarb(Temik) SOC 0.003 IfDetected

Atrazine(Atranex,Crisazine) SOC 0.003 IfDetected

Alachlor(Lasso) SOC 0.002 IfDetected

2,3,7,8TCDD(Dioxin)h SOC 0.00000003h IfDetectedHeptachlor SOC 0.0004 IfDetected

Heptachlorepoxide SOC 0.0002 IfDetected

2,4D SOC 0.07 IfDetected

2,4,5TP(Silvex) SOC 0.05 IfDetected

Hexachlorobenzene SOC 0.001 IfDetected

Benzo(a)pyrene(PAHs) SOC 0.0002 IfDetected

Pentachlorophenol SOC 0.001 IfDetected

Polychlorinatedbiphenyls(PCB)h SOC 0.0005h IfDetectedDibromochloropropane(DBCP)h SOC 0.0002h IfDetected

Ethylenedibromide(EDB)h SOC 0.00005h IfDetected

23 23 Parameter Group MCL(mg/l) Trigger(mg/l)

Chlordane SOC 0.002 IfDetected

Methyltertiarybutylether(MtBE)g VOC 0.013g IfDetected

Methyltertiarybutylether(MtBE)d VOC 0.020d 0.020

Tertiaryamylmethylether(TAME)e

(2methoxy2methylbutane)

VOCU n.e.e

Tertiarybutylalcohol(TBA)e VOCU n.e.e

Ethyltertiarybutylether(ETBE)e VOCU n.e.e

Diisopropylether(DIPE)e VOCU n.e.

1,2,4Trichlorobenzene VOC 0.07 IfDetected

1,2Dichloroethylene(cis) VOC 0.07 IfDetected

Chloroformf,m VOCU n.e.f,m

Bromoformf,m VOCU n.e.f,m

Bromodichloromethanef,m VOCU n.e.f,m

Chlorodibromomethane(Dibromochloromethane)f,m

VOCU n.e.f,m

Xylene(total) VOC 10 IfDetected

Dichloromethane(methylenechloride) VOC 0.005 IfDetected

1,2Dichlorobenzene(o) VOC 0.6 IfDetected

1,4Dichlorobenzene(para) VOC 0.075 IfDetected

Vinylchloride VOC 0.002 Ifdetected

1,1Dichloroethylene VOC 0.007 IfDetected

1,2Dichloroethylene(trans) VOC 0.1 IfDetected

1,2Dichloroethane VOC 0.005 IfDetected

1,1,1Trichloroethane VOC 0.2 IfDetected

Carbontetrachloride VOC 0.005 IfDetected

1,2Dichloropropane VOC 0.005 IfDetected

Trichloroethylene VOC 0.005 IfDetected

1,1,2Trichloroethane VOC 0.005 IfDetected

Tetrachloroethylene VOC 0.005 IfDetected

Monochlorobenzene(Chlorobenzene) VOC 0.1 IfDetected

Benzene VOC 0.005 IfDetected

Toluene VOC 1 IfDetected

Ethylbenzene VOC 0.7 IfDetected

Styrene VOC 0.1 IfDetected

Abbreviations: MCLTheMaximumContaminantLevelallowedindrinkingwater SDWISSafeDrinkingWaterInformationSystem Biobiological Radradiologicalparameter IOCinorganiccompound IOCUinorganiccompoundunregulated SOCsyntheticorganiccompound SOCUsyntheticorganiccompoundunregulated VOCvolatileorganiccompound VOCUvolatileorganiccompoundunregulated n.e.notestablishedreportingisrequired

24 24 Footnotes:

aFluoridehasasecondaryMCLof2.0mg/L,andaprimaryMCLof4.0mg/LbpHisexpressedinunitsofhydrogenionactivitycLeadandCoppersamplesarecollectedintapwatersamplesthroughoutthedistributionsystemdAestheticRegulatedSecondaryMCLseRecommendedadditionalreportingparametersfTotalMCLscombinedequals0.100mg/LgMtBEhasasecondaryMCLof0.020mg/LandaprimaryMCLof0.013mg/LhStatewaiverinplacesamplingrequiredforinitialwaterqualitytestingonlyiBetaparticletestingrequiredonlyforsystemsdeemedvulnerablebytheDepartmentandnotifiedthattestingismandatory.kRadontestingonlyrequiredforinitialwaterqualityofnewwells

25 25

HowtoTakeWaterQualitySamplesDuringPumpingTests

Thissectiondescribesthedifferentbottlesusedforaninitialwaterqualitysamplingofnewcommunitywatersupplywells.Samplesshouldbetakenatasamplingtapinstalledinthedischargepipe.Pleasereadthisinformationcarefullysincesomeofthebottlescontainpreservatives,whichshouldnotcomeincontactwitheyesorskin.KeepinmindthatthebottledescriptionsareforbottlesusedbytheNewHampshireDepartmentofEnvironmentalServicesLab;otherlabsmayusedifferentbottles.PleasecalltheDESLabat(603)2713445withquestionsabouthowtotakethesesamples.Holdtimesforthesamplesvaryfromassoonaspossibletosixmonths,dependingonthetest.

Allsamplesmustbekeptonice.Icepackswillnotkeepthemcoldenough.Labswillrejectallsampleswarmerthan50F.

InorganicCompounds(IOC)Sampling Bottlesused: 1roundplastic125mLbottleforbacteria.

1square,500mLprecleanedbottleformetals. 1pearshaped,100mLbottleforcyanide. 1oblongshaped,500mLbottleforanions,alkalinity,andpH. Preservativesinbottles:5mLofconcentratednitricacidaddedtometalscontainer.

3pelletsofsodiumhydroxidetocyanidecontainer.Nopreservativeinanioncontainer.1sodiumthiosulphatepelletaddedtobacteriacontainer.

Procedureforfillingbottles:Turnonsamplingtapandrunwaterforfourtofiveminutesoruntilthewatertemperaturehasstabilized,whicheverislonger.Thenreduceflowsothatthestreamofwaterisnogreaterthan1/8inchindiameter.Removecontainercaps.Donotputcapsfacedownorinpocket.Donotallowinsideofcaps,insideofcontainerorbottlethreadstobetouchedbyanyobject.Usecautionwhenfillingthesebottles.Thesquarebottlecontainsacid.Asthewatercomesincontactwiththeacidawhitecloudwilldriftfromthebottle.Thisisnormal.Donotputyourfacewithinthecloudorinhalethefumes.Fillbottlestoshoulder.Donotoverflow.Screwcapsonsecurely.

Nitrateand/orNitriteSampling Bottleused:Precleanedplasticorglassbottle(usually40mL),yellowcap. Preservativesinbottle:None Procedureforfillingbottle:SameprocedureasIOCsampling. RadiologicalSampling BottlesUsed:1precleaned,1gallonplasticbottleand140mLglassvialwithTeflonsepta.

26 26 PreservativesinBottles:Therearenopreservativesineitherbottle. Procedureforfillingbottles:SameprocedureasIOCsampling.

SyntheticOrganicCompounds(SOC)Sampling:Pleasenote,ifusingtheDESLab,SOCsamplesmustbescheduledpriortocollection.Callthelabat(603)2713445foranappointment.Ifusingaprivatelab,callinadvancefortheirpoliciesregardingtheschedulingoftests.

Bottlesused: 2precleanedoneliteramberglassbottleswithTeflonlinedcaps.

6precleaned40mLglassvialswithTeflonlinedcaps.

PreservativesinBottles:Bothtypesofbottlescontainchemicalpreservatives.Usecautionwhentakingsamples.

Procedureforfillingbottles:Turnonsamplingtapandrunforfourtofiveminutesoruntilthewatertemperaturehasstabilized,whicheverislonger.Thenreduceflowsothatstreamofwaterisnogreaterthan1/8inchindiameter.Foreachoneliterbottle:Removecontainercap.Donotputcapfacedownorinpocket.Donotallowinsideofcap,insideofbottleorbottlethreadstobetouchedbyanyobject.Donotrinsebottle.Usecautionwhenfillingthesebottles,openthemslowlyandcarefullytoavoidacidburns.Filltoshoulderofthebottle.Screwoncapsecurely.Foreachofthe40mLvials:Removecontainercap.Donotputcapfacedownorinpocket.Donotallowinsideofcap,insideorvialorbottlethreadstobetouchedbyanyobject.Usecautionwhenfillingthesebottles,openthemslowlyandcarefullytoavoidchemicalburns.Donotrinsevial.Fillvialtothetopcreatingacrownbutdonotoverflowduetothepreservative.Screwoncapsecurely.Checkforairbubblesbyinvertingthevialandgentlytappingthecap.Ifbubblesarepresent,addadditionalwater.

VOCMTBETTHMandHAAS: Bottleused:2precleaned,40mLglassseptumvialswithTeflonseptaeachsamplesite. PreservativesinBottles:0.25mLof1:1Hydrochloricacid.

ProcedureforFillingBottles:Turnonsamplingtapandrunforfourtofiveminutesoruntilthewatertemperaturehasstabilized,whicheverislonger.Thenreduceflowsothatstreamofwaterisnogreaterthan1/8inchindiameter.Removecontainercap.Donotputcapfacedownorinpocket.Donotallowinsideofcap,insideofbottleorbottlethreadstobetouchedbyanyobject.Donotrinsebottle.Usecautionwhenfillingthesebottles,openthemslowlyandcarefullytoavoidacidburns.Filltothetop,creatingacrown,butdonotoverflowduetopreservativesinthebottle.Screwoncapsecurely.Checkforairbubblesbyinvertingthevialandgentlytappingthecap.Ifbubblesarepresent,addadditionalwater.

27 27 AppendixD

MicroscopicParticulateAnalysis(MPA)SamplingGuidance

Ifthewellisbeingapprovedasanewwell,oranexistingwellbeingreactivatedandastandardpumpingtestisrequired,themicroscopicparticulateanalysis(MPA)samplingcanberuneitherattheendofthetestorduringit,providedtasksakbelowareperformed.Thesewellsaretypicallynotplumbedtoapumphouse.IfthewellisanexistingwellandMPAsamplingisrequiredbecausethewellissuspectedofproducinggroundwaterunderdirectinfluenceofsurfacewater(GWUDI),orifthewellisalreadyplumbedtoapumphouse,tasksltbelowshouldbeperformed.Thedischargeflowrateforsamplingisverylow,only12gpm,sothesamplingvalvemustbeequippedwithametertodetermineflowrate.AlsotheMPAsampler(s)mustbeabletomeasurethetemperature,pH,andspecificconductanceofthedischargedwater,eitherthroughthediverterfortheMPAanalysisorfromthedischargewaterthatistobepumpedtowaste.NewWellorReactivatedWellWithPumpingTest:

a. DESgenerallyfollowsUSEPAsConsensusMethodforDeterminingGroundwatersUndertheDirectInfluenceofSurfaceWaterUsingMicroscopicParticulateAnalysis(MPA).Themethodconstitutesdiverting5001,000gallonsofsourcewaterthroughasyntheticfilteroveranapproximate8to24hourperiodataflowrateofbetween12gpm.

b. Equipthepumpdischargepipingwithadivertervalvethatistobeusedwiththe

filterassemblybeforethestartofpumping.SeeFigure1foranexampleofthetypeofsetupneeded,pertheguidelineinitema.above.Pleasenotethatthevalve/faucetcontrolcanbeeitherontheinletoroutletline.Itismorecommonlylocatedontheinletline.

c. Ifthefiltercanisterisclearplasticitshouldbeprotectedfromsunlight.Wrapthe

canisterwithanymaterialthatwillexcludelight.Sunlightcausessomesurfacewaterorganismstomultiply,resultinginafalsehighcount.Iftestingisperformedincoldweather,thecanistermustbeprotectedfromfreezing.

d. Beginpumpingtheproductionwellattheconstantraterequiredfornewwell

approvalandstartmonitoringpH,conductivityandtemperatureinboththedischargewaterandthenearbysurfacewaterfeature(s).Preferably,monitoringfortheseparametersshouldbeginassoonasfeasibleduringthepumpingtest,however;anacceptableminimummonitoringperiodpriortoMPAsamplecollectionis8to10hours.

28 28 e. Thestabilizationcriteriafordischargewaterscreeningparametersisconsidered

thefollowing:

i. pH:+/0.2standardunitsii. SpecificConductance:+/3percentiii. Temperature:+/2degreesCelsius(about3Fto4F)iv. Minimumstabilizationtimefortheparametersi.iii.abovethatneedto

bedemonstratedpriortosamplecollection:8to10hours

f. After8to10hoursofdemonstratedstabilityforpH,specificconductance,andtemperature,theMPAsamplingshouldcommence.Iftheparametersine.abovevarywidelyordonotconvergethenscreeningshallcontinueuntilscreeningparametersmeetthestabilizationcriteriaandthenMPAsamplingshouldcommence.Ifconvergencehasnotoccurredpriortotheendofthestandardpumpingtest,contactDESforfurtherguidance.

g. DivertwaterthroughtheMPAfilterapparatusonlyafterfieldparametershave

stabilized[seee.above].

h. PriortostartingtheMPAsampling,runpumpdischargewaterthroughtheemptycanisterforseveralminutestorinseit.Afterrinsing,turnoffwatertothecanister,pourouttherinsewaterandinsertthefilter.Uselatexgloveswhenhandlingthefilter.Reassemblethecanister.

i. ContinuetomonitorpH,specificconductanceandtemperaturethroughout

sampling.

j. Whensamplingiscomplete,carefullyremovethefilterfromthecanister,againusinglatexgloves,andpackageaccordingtothedirectionsreceivedwiththeunit,asprovidedbyyouranalyticallaboratory.

k. Pleasenotethatthestabilizationcriterialistedabovearegeneralguidelinesand

arenotfixed;DESrecognizesthatsitespecificissuesandprofessionaljudgmentplayaroleindeterminationofstabilization,andencouragethesamplertocontactthisofficeanddiscusstheissueshoulditarise.

ExistingorNewWellPlumbedtoaPumphouse:

l. DESgenerallyfollowsUSEPAsConsensusMethodforDeterminingGroundwatersUndertheDirectInfluenceofSurfaceWaterUsingMicroscopicParticulateAnalysis(MPA).Themethodconstitutesdiverting5001,000gallonsofsourcewaterthroughasyntheticfilteroveranapproximate8to24hourperiodataflowrateofbetween12gpm.

m. Equipthepumpdischargepipingwithadivertervalvethatistobeusedwiththe

filterassembly.Withanexistingsourcethatisonlineandhookedtothesystem,thislocationwillmostlikelybethesourcetapontheincomingsupplylinefrom

29 29 thewell.Pleasenotethatattentionshouldbegiventotheneedforbackflowpreventionbetweentheinletlineofthesamplingapparatus(showninFigure1)andboththesourceanddistributionsystem.

n. Ifthefiltercanisterisclearplastic,itshouldbeprotectedfromsunlight.Wrap

thecanisterwithanymaterialthatwillexcludelight.Sunlightcausessomesurfacewaterorganismstomultiply,resultinginafalsehighcount.Iftestingisperformedincoldweather,thecanistermustbeprotectedfromfreezing.

o. Settheproductionwellforhandormanualoperationandbeginpumpingat

aconstantrate.Thepumpedwatercanbedirectedintothestoragetankordischargedtowaste.StartmonitoringpH,conductivityandtemperatureimmediatelyinboththedischargewaterandanearbysurfacewaterlocation.Theseparametersshouldbemonitoredforatleast2hoursbeforestartingtheMPA.

p. Ifthepumpedwaterwillbedirectedintothestoragetank,excesswatershould

bedivertedfromthetanktoavoidoverflow.Insomecasestemporarilyshuttingdownothersystemwellssothattheydonotcontributewatertothetankcanhelpreduceoverflow.Ifitisnotpossibletodivertenoughwaterfromthestoragetanktoavoidoverflow,careshouldbetakenthatoverflowofthetankdoesnotcausesoilerosionoutsidethepumphouse,orfloodinginsidethepumphouseitself.

q. Afterthe2hourpumpingperioddivertwaterthroughtheMPAfilterandbegin

thesamplingprocess.PriortostartingtheMPAsampling,runpumpdischargewaterthroughtheemptycanisterforseveralminutestorinseit.Afterrinsing,turnoffwatertothecanister,dumpouttherinsewaterandinsertthefilter.Uselatexgloveswhenhandlingthefilter.Reassemblethecanister.

r. Ifthewellisequippedwithahighcapacitypump,itmaybedifficulttomaintain

a12gpmflowthroughthefilterassembly.Inthesecasesasplittershouldbeattachedtothedischargetapusedtodivertwaterthroughthefilter.Agardenhosecanbeattachedtoonearmofthesplitterandthefilterassemblyattachedtotheother.

s. ContinuetomonitorpH,specificconductanceandtemperaturethroughout

samplingfortheentiredurationittakestocollectasample(824hours).

t. Whensamplingiscomplete,carefullyremovethefilterfromthecanister,againusinglatexgloves,andpackageaccordingtothedirectionsprovidedbyyouranalyticallaboratorywiththeunit.

LaboratoryConsiderationsandMPASamplingMaterials:

WhenyourprojectneedstocollectanMPAsample,youshouldplantocontactyourlabwellinadvanceofthepumpingtest.SincemostlabsdonotperformMPAinhouse,theywillneed

30 30 extratimetoarrangetheanalysiswithaseparatelabandorderyoursamplecontainersandfilter.IfyourregularlabdoesnotsubcontractMPA,contactDESforassistanceinlocatingalaboratorythatperformsMPA.

Figure1

Inline cumulative meter (gals)

Pressure gauge Pressure

Regulator

Faucet control Filter

Holder

Inlet line w/ backflow preventor

Discharge line

Figurefrom"ConsensusMethodforDeterminingGroundwatersUndertheDirectInfluenceofSurfaceWaterUsingMicroscopicParticulateAnalysis."USEPA,October1992.Findthecompletedocumentonlineathttp://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/dw/GWI.htm.

I. INTRODUCTION II. STANDARD PUMPING TEST REQUIREMENTS OF ENV-DW 301 A. SETUP 1. Pump 2. Discharge Setup and Location 3. Water Level Measurement Equipment

B. DISCHARGE 1. Constant Rate 2. Measuring Discharge, Accuracy, & Equipment

C. WATER LEVEL MEASUREMENTS 1. Measurement Frequency in New Wells 2. Other Water Level Measurements 3. Accuracy & Equipment for Monitoring Non-System or Neighboring Wells 4. Weather Conditions

E. WATER QUALITY SAMPLING 1. Timing 2. Lab 3. Collection and Delivery

F. DURATION IV. Terms and Abbreviations All samples must be kept on ice. Ice packs will not keep them cold enough. Labs will reject all samples warmer than 50(F.

Inorganic Compounds (IOC) Sampling Nitrate and/or Nitrite Sampling