Objective Oriented Technology Innovations for ICT Adoption in the Remote Rural Areas C. E. Tan, PhD Associate Professor Institute of Social Informatics and Technological Innovations Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Malaysia Sarawak ISITI-CoERI is supported by: Long Lamai JKKK, Rurum Kelabit Sarawak
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Objective Oriented Technology Innovations for ICT Adoption in the Remote Rural Areas
C. E. Tan, PhD Associate Professor
Institute of Social Informatics and Technological InnovationsFaculty of Computer Science and Information Technology
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
ISITI-CoERI is supported by:Long Lamai JKKK, Rurum Kelabit Sarawak
Background
• Common Challenges in the Remote Rural– Extremely difficult to access– Usually much more costly transportation– Electrical power provision usually standalone,
individually own, or none – Commercial telecommunication coverage almost
none existence– Community are usually not economically fit to
afford ICT services – Community has relatively large literacy gap
Background
• Common energy sources for off-grid rural– Diesel Power Generator– Micro / Pico hydro system – Wind Turbine– Solar Power
• Common Challenges of Power Provision in Rural Areas– Logistically challenging– High recurring materials supply cost (for fuel type generator)– Limited suitable location (Hydro and Wind)– Usually couldn’t provision enough power
Social Challenges
• With the available of power on-site, – More home appliances will be adopted– Misconception of renewable energies are “free”– Rural-Rural migration
• Results in More and More Power is Required!
Technical + Social Challenges
• As demand increases, more power is needed.
• Possible Solution? – Upgrade the current power system to higher
capacity? Challenging and Costly.
• As the demand and supply gap gets larger, – Frequent blackout occurs due to system overload!
Objective Oriented Design Philosophy
ReliabilitySustainability
Everywhere (Mobility)
Our long term engagement with the rural communities has given us a better understanding on
the local needs and problems
OO Design Philosophy
• Reduce system dependency • Promote system modularity• Focus on simplicity• Enable greater portability• Ease local sustainability• Promote energy efficiency• Prioritize local needs
Modular Power Initiative:Long Puah Electricfication
~200km from MiriMostly logging trail
1 hour long boat ride
Electrification in Long Puah
• Main objectives – To provision electrification via solar energy to
fulfill the daily basic need for lighting– To promote solar solutions that are highly
available and sustainable by local community– To encourage more social economy and
educational activities after dusk– To promote the adoption of renewable and green
energy by the community in remote rural to improve the quality of living
Project Coverage
• 27 households (doors) and 1 church will be lit– Self-sufficient lighting system for each household
(door)• To empower knowledge based value creation
and awareness in adopting renewable energy for the remote rural– To induce greater sense of belonging and
responsibility to the system– To motivate self maintenance of the system by
the rural community
Solar Home Lighting Solution
• A new way of lighting implementation that– lit more places in the house with control over the
usage for energy saving and conservation– Sustainable and maintainable by the users in term
of cost and new knowledge– Transportation friendly especially into the rural
and remote areas
Long Puah Electrification
Virtual Telecentre Initiative
• Higher impact coverage with a single investment on the Internet Gateway
• Faster deployment schedule with highly modular system modules
• Lower overall program budget as modules can be easily reallocated to new sites when urbanization development reaches existing site
• Maintainable and sustainable by local communities as the modules are simple function devices with gentle learning curve
Background on ICT Deployment in Rural Areas
• Limited by the readiness of backend supporting resources such as power and connection gateway– Service interruption – Program delay
• Adoption of technology based on urban industry standard– Overwhelming dependency– Low energy efficiency friendliness
• Limited scalability– Upgrade involves changing the entire system