wazi amalungelo akhowlce.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/WLC-relationships...izinto ezizezabo kwakunye namatyala abo phambi kokuba batshate ziye zihlanganiswe izinto zendibaniselwano.

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INCWADANA ESISIKHOKELO EMTSHATWENI NASEBUDLELWANENI

Yapapashwa okokuqala ngo-2007 yi-Women’s Legal Centre© 2010 Women’s Legal Centre

Ishicilelwe kwakhona ngo-2010 yi-Women’s Legal CentreUkushicilelwa kwakhona kuxhaswe ngezimali yi-Foundation for Human Rights yona exhaswa

ngezimali liSebe loPhuhliso loBulungisa noMgaqo-siseko kunye ne-European Union ngaphantsi kwenkqubo yecandelo lokuxhasa ibhajethi – Fikelela kumaLungelo oBulungisa noMgaqo-siseko.

I-Womens Legal CenterInkxaso ngezimali yi-Ford Foundation ne-National Lotteries Board

I-Women’s Legal Centre iwagcinile onke amalungelo ayo. Onke amalungelo agciniwe. Akukho nxenye yale ncwadi inokuthi iphinde yenziwe ngokutsha, igciniwe koomatshini okanye isasazwe nangaluphi na uhlobo, okanye nangayiphi na indlela, eyombane, eyokwenza ikopi, eyokushicilela,ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliweyo efumaneke kwangaphambili kulowo unelungelo layo nongumniniyo. Lonke ulwazi, icebiso kunye/okanye izimvo ezikolu papasho loluthe gabalala kumele lusetyenziswe njengesikhokelo kuphela. Bayakhuthazwa abafundi ukuba bafumane icebiso yasemthethweni okanye uncedo ukongezelela kolu lwazi, icebiso okanye izimvo eziqulethwe kolu papasho. I-Women’s Legal Centre ayisayi kuba naxanduva ngokwasemthethweni okanye nangayiphi na enye indlela, ngalo naluphi na ulwazi olungachanekanga kunye/okanye olungacacanga , icebiso okanye izimvo eziqulethe kolu papasho nguye nawuphi na umfundi, isebe loburhulumente okanye iqela okanye umthathi-nxaxheba waseburhulumenteni kunye/okanye iqela elinomdla. Akukho lwazi, licebiso okanye zimvo zibambe olu papasho lusisibonakaliso seembono ezisemthethweni okanye zopolitiko zomxhasi ngezimali, Owenze olu sasazo nokwabiwa kolu papasho lwaba yinto enokwenzeka, amatrasti, umphathi kunye/okanye nawaphi na amagqwetha e-Women’s Legal Centre

Uphando nguErin TorkelsonIbhalwe nguSibongile Ndashe noShehaam Johnstone

Ihlelwe nguJennifer Williams noPam SykesIhlaziywe nguJennifer Williams noHoodah Abrahams-Fayker.

Imifanekiso: MaalinIfoto yoqweqwe: © Fleur Suijten

Ushicilelo: Modern Printers

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iziqulatho Intshayelelo 4

IndlelaYokusebenzisaLeNcwadana 5

1 ImitshatoEqhelekileyoNgokomthetho 6

2 ImitshatoYesintuNgokwasemthethweni 13

3 ImitshatoNgokwenkoloYenkonzo 17

4 ImitshatoYabantuBesiniEsinyeNgokomthetho 22

5 UkuhlalisanaKwababiniAbathandanayo(Ukushweshwa) 23

6 IinkcukachaEziluncedoZoqhagamshelwano 26

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iNtShaYElElo

KuMzantsi Africa oneentlobo ezininzi ezahlukileyo zabantu kukho iindlela ezininzi zobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu. Abantu bathi bangene kwimitshato eqhelekileyo ngokomthetho imitshato yesiNtu, imitshato yabantu besini esinye, kunye nokuhlalisana kwabantu abathandanayo (ukuhlalisana).

Ngelixa umtshato waseNkundleni yayingowona uqhelekileyo nokhuselwe ngokupheleleyo ngokwasemthethweni, oku kwakungeyonyanisososo kuzo zonke iintlobo zobudlelwane.Kutsha nje iintlobo ezimbini zemitshato, owesiNtu kunye nowabantu besini esinye, ziye zagunyaziswa ngokwasemthethweni. Maxa wambi umntu athe watshata ngokweNkolo lo mtshato kuya kwazeka ukuba ubuye ugunyaziswe ngokwasemthethweni. Kodwa abo bathe bahlalisana abakufumani ukukhuseleka ngokwasemthethweni. Ngoko ke kukho abantu abaninzi abanobudlelwane obungakhuselekanga ngokomthetho. Ngelo xesha abanye banobudlelwane obugunyaziswe ngokomthetho kodwa bengawazi amalungelo abo kumtshato lowo. Konke oku kukhokelela ekubeni kubekho ubunzima ngokwasezimalini ingakumbi kubantu abangoomama xa ubudlelwane obo buphela.

Le ncwadana ijonge ekunikezeni ulwazi olungundoqo ngeentlobo ezahlukileyo zemitshato nezobudlelwane kwakunye nomthetho ohamba nalo mitshato okanye ubudlelwane. Sinethemba elikhulu lokuba le ncwadana iya kwenza kukwazeke ukuba abantu batyhilekelwe ngamalungelo abo ukuze bawasebenzise bazenzele izigqibo ngokwabo kuhlobo lobudlelwane abafuna ukungena kubo.

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iNDlEla YoKuSEBENziSa lE NCWaDaNa

Okushicilelwe kumaphepha-ndaba: Kuyo yonke le ncwadana siza kucaphula kwizigaba nezishicilelo zamaphepha-ndaba ukubonisa izinto eziyinyaniso neziqhelekileyo eziqhubekayo xa kubekho ukungavisisani okukhokelela ekubeni kuphele umtshato nokwahlukana phakathi kwabantu ababini. Siyathemba okokuba le mizekelo iya kukunceda ekubeni uqwalasele ubone ukubaluleka kokuba uza kuthatha manyathelo mani na xa uza kungena emtshatweni okanye uza kuhlalisana. Ezi ndaba ziza kuboniswa ngokomfanekiso wephepha-ndaba elithethayo.

Iikhomenti: Sisebenzisa iikhomenti xa isijungqu solwazi sibaluleke kakhulu okanye kulula ukungaqondeki. Ulwazi olubalulekileyo luya kuqaqanjiswa ngalo mfanekiso wepensile.

Iinkcazelo: Uya kufumana iinkcazelo zamagama ngamagama athi asetyenziswe ngokwasemthethweni. Ziza kube zibhalwe ekunene okanye ekhohlo kwiphepha elo. Xa igama elo ungaliqhelanga funda inkcazelo yalo. Iya kuboniswa ngomfanekiso wesibane.

SEBENEziSa lE NCWaDaNa uKuzE

1. Ufunde malunga ngamalungelo obudlelwane bakho.2. Ufunde ngamalungelo akho xa uphela umtshato okanye ubulingane

bokuhlalisana 3. Wazi apho ungalufumana khona uncedo4. Uncede umhlobo, isizalwane, ummelwane okanye umlingane

ngokwabelana ngolwazi olufumene kule ncwadana okanye ubableke incwadi yokuzifundela.

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iSahluKo 1:imitshato eqhelekileyo ngokwasemthethweni

Yintoni umtshato oqhelekileyo ngokwasemthethweni?Umtshato oqhelekileyo ngokwasemthethweni ngumtshato ekungenwe kuwo ngokoMthetho weMitshato. Imitshato eqhelekileyo ngokwasemthethweni idla ngokuqhinwa ecaweni, okanye KwiSebe leMicimbi yezeKhaya okanye kwezinye iindawo. Zintathu iindidi zemitshato esemthethweni; umtshato ogxininisa okokuba eyakho yeyam neyam yeyakho, umtshato ogxininisa okokuba eyakho yeyakho eyam yeyam, umtshato ogxininisa okokuba yonke into esithe sayisebenza emtshatweni yeyethu kodwa yonke esinayo ngobunye bethu phambi kokuba sitshate yeyethu ngobunye bethu. Inkcazelo ezeleyo malunga nezindidi zomtshato iza kulandela apha ngezantsi.

Zintoni ezifanelwe kukwenziwa xa kungenelwa umtshato oqhelekileyo ngokwasemthethweni?Bobabini abantu abatshatayo kufuneka bavumelane ngokungena emtshatweni kwaye bobabini kufuneka beneminyaka eli-18 leminyaka ubudala. Ukuba bobabini bangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 kufuneka babe nesivumelwano sabazali okanye abagcini babo sokungena emtshatweni. Ukuba abazali okanye abagcini babo bayala ukunikeza ngemvume bangenza isicelo semvume kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo.

Ngubani na onelungelo lokuqhuba umtshato?Baninzi abantu abanelungelo lokuthi batshatise abo babini bafuna ukutshata ngokoMthetho weMitshato. Aba baquka; abefundisi bebandla okanye nabani na othi abe yinkokheli kwibandla okanye amagosa emibutho okanye alathelwe oko kwiSebe leMicimbi yezeKhaya

Ndingazichongela njani olona hlobo lungcono lomtshato?Abasetyhini abaninzi banoloyiko xa beza kungena emtshatweni kodwa bambalwa abathabatha ixesha lokuqondisisa amalungelo abo ngokwasemthethweni xa beza kutshata. Ukuze umntu achonge kakuhle uhlobo lomtshato olumfaneleyo, kufuneka aqonde iindidi ezikhoyo zemitshato kunye neziphumo zasemthethweni ezahlukileyo. Kwiphepha lilandelayo siza kukunika olunye ulwazi oluthe gabalala malunga neentlobo-ntlobo ezahlukileyo zemitshato ngokwasemthethweni.

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umtshato ka-eyam yeyakho eyakho-yeyam

Kuthetha ukuthini ukutshata umtshato ka-eyam yeyakho neyakho yeyam?Umtshato ogunyazisa ukuba eyam yeyakho neyakho yeyam ukhuthaza ukuthezela goqweni linye kwabo batshatileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba zonke izinto ezizezabo kwakunye namatyala abo phambi kokuba batshate ziye zihlanganiswe izinto zendibaniselwano. Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomtshato noluthi lusebenze lugunyaziswe ngumthetho ngaphandleni kokuba abo batshatayo benza isivumelwano sokuwutshintsha.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa athe umyeni wanamatyala de watshona?Kolu uhlobo lomtshato kuba yingozi xa omnye wabatshati, umfazi okanye umyeni, engawahlawuli amatyala. Ukuba kukho umyalelo wenkundla ngokunxamnye naye, izinto zakho zendibaniselwano ungaphulukana nazo.

Ukuba mna ndithenga indlu ngemali yam, ingaba leyo ndlu iseyinxalenye yezinto zendibaniselwano?Nokuba umntu uthenga indlu ngokunokwakhe aze athi aqhubekeke nokuyihlawulela loo nto ayitshintshi imo yomthetho yomtshato eninesivumelwano wawo. Ukuba utshata umtshato ogunyazisa eyam yeyakho eyakho yeyam omnye uza kuthi afumane inxenye yama-50% okwabelana ngeasethi.

Ingaba zonke iiasethi zenza inxenye yendibaniselwano?Iiasethi ezithile ziye zingabi yinxalenye yendibaniselwano. Umzekelo: ukuba omnye wabatshati uthe wafumana ilifa kunye nomyolelo welifa apho ukunika ilifa elithi akumele libe yinxalenye yelifa lendibaniselwano, ngoko ke elo lifa alinakuba yinxalenye yendibaniselwano.

Insolvent: xa umntu akweleta imali engaphezu komvuzo owufumanayo aze nomntu omtyala imali akuse enkundleni ukuze kuthengiswe ipropati yakho.Spouse: omnye wabatshati emtshatweniJoint estate: ipropati edibeneyo kunye namatyala omtshati

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Out of community of property: Umtshati ngamnye ugcina ipropati eyeyakhe kwaye unoxanduva ngesikweleti sakhe. Kwaziwa kakhulu njengo-“okwam kokwam okwakho kokwakho”Ante-nuptial contract: Isisivumelwano esisayinwa ngabatshatayo phambi kokuba batshate apho bathi abafuni ukuba nayo indibaniselwano kwilifa. Creditors: Abantu obakweleta imali.Interpleading procedures: Xa ucela inkundla ukuba ujoyine etyaleni ukuze ungqine ukuba ipropati yakho akumele ithathwe ukuze kuhlawulwe izikweleti zomtshati wakho. Attach: Unothimba wenkundla uthatha ipropati yakho ukuze ithengiswe ukuze kuhlawulwe izikweleti zakho.

umtshato Ka-Eyakho Yeyakho Eyam Yeyam

Uyintoni umtshato ka-eyam yeyam eyakho yeyakho?Kolu hlobo lomtshato abatshati basayina isivumelwano se-ante nuptial esigxininisa ukuba izinto ebenazo umtshati ngamnye siquka oko bebenako ngexesha beqala ukutshata. Emva komtshato, abatshati belifa bahlala bahlukene.

Ingaba olu hlobo lomtshato luyandikhusela ukuba umyeni wam akawahlawuli amatyala akhe?Ukuba utshate kumtshato ka-eyam yeyakho neyakho yeyam, lonke ilifa lomntu wasetyhini athe walisebenzela lihlala lilelabo. Akukho bakweletisi okanye mntu wesithathu angenza ibango kumatyala omyeni wakho.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa athe umyeni wam wasilela ukuhlawula imali yesondlo kumfazi wokuqala baze bafune ukuthimba iiasethi zam?Kufuneka lowo wasetyhini okuloo ngxaki axelele isherifi okokuba izinto ezo afuna ukuzithimba zezakhe kwaye kuya kufuneka okokuba athathe amanyathelo okuya enkundleni kaMantyi apho umyalelo wokuthimba impahla leyo wenziwe khona. Kufuneka ube nesiqinisekiso esibonisa okokuba impahla leyo yeyakho, unalo nelungelo lokuthi ufunge ngokunyanisoseka kwakho enkundleni yamatyala. Kufuneka futhi ufunge phambi kwamapolisa ngokuthi ubonise izivumelwano othe wazisayina, okanye amaphepha abonisa intlawulo kwakunye nesinye isiqinisekiso onaso esibonisa okokuba impahla leyo yeyakho.

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umtshato ogunyazisa ukuba Esiyisebenze Kunye Emtshatweni Sinelungelo Sesahlulo Esilinganayo

Luhlobo olunjani olu lomtshato kwaye luthi luqhubeke nini?Olu uhlobo lugunyazisa okokuba, xa kuthe kwaqhawulwa umtshato ngokufa okanye ngokuwuqhawula ngokwasemthethweni abatshati banelungelo lokufumana isahlulo esilinganayo kwizinto abazisebenzeleyo ngexesha sebetshatile kuphela.

Olu hlobo lomtshato eMzantsi Africa ngokungundoqo lusebenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:1. Ekuqaleni komtshato zonke izinto zexabiso zomtshati ngamnye

zithi zihlolwe kakuhle zize zirekhodwe.2. Ngomhla woqhawulo-mtshato wokufa, kuye kurekhodwe ixabiso

lenzala.3. Umahluko uwonke ngokwexabiso phakathi kwelifa elikhulu

nelincinci kwizinto zabo uyarekhodwa; kwaye4. Ilifa lezinto ezinkulu kufuneka lihlawulwe ngokuthi likhawulelane

nomahluko wesiqingatha esincinane selifa.

Olu hlobo lomtshato aluveli luqhubekeke njalo xa ababini bathe batshata umtshato ogunyazisa eyakho yeyakho ze eyam yeyam. Kufuneka kubekho isivumelwano phambi komtshato ukuze xa kutshatwa kwenziwe ngokomnqweno wabatshati.

Ingaba kuyakwazeka ukuthi kutshintshwe isimo somtshato phakathi emtshatweni?Ewe, abo batshatileyo banelungelo lokubhalela inkundla incwadi yesicelo yokutshintsha isimo somtshato. Esi sicelo kufuneka senziwe ngabatshati bobabini, sinike nezizathu ezivakalayo zesicelo eso basenzayo. Esi sicelo kufuneka sibonise kwaye singqine okokuba abo babatyala imali nokuba luhlobo olunjani na lwesikweliti, baxelelwe ngala manyathelo bawathathayo ukuze xa inkundla ithatha isigqibo singazijongeli phantsi iimfuno zabo babandakanyekayo kuyo yonke inkqubo yokutshintsha isimo somtshato.

Ingaba intlawulo yokutshintsha umtshato iyafikeleleka na kubantu abo?Esi sicelo sixhomile ngokwexabiso kodwa siyafikeleleka. Kufuneka abatshati bahlawule iimali zenkundla, zamagqwetha , neendleko zokuhlawulela upapasho lokutshintsha umtshato kumaphepha-ndaba neGazethi kaRhulumente (iphepha-ndaba likaRhulumente elisemthethweni).

Accrual: Xa abatshati begcine ipropati yabo kodwa bavume ukwabelana ngento abayifumene kunye emtshatweni. Proprietal: Ukuquka ipropati

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Irretrievably: Kuthetha umtshato ongenakusindiswa.Habitual criminal: Umntu owaphula umthetho rhoqo

Kwenzeka ntoni xa umtshato lowo uphela ngoqhawulo-mtshato?Xa abatshatileyo bengasafuni ukuhlala njengendoda nomfazi abatshatileyo, banakho ukuqhawula umtshato. Uqhawulo-mtshato yinkqubo evumelekileyo ngokwasemthethweni apho inkundla ithi iwubhangise umtshato ungabikho ngokwasemthethweni.

Zintoni izizathu zoqhawulo-mtshato?Xa umtshato uqhawuliwe ngokungenakurhoxiswa kwaye kungekho thuba lokuba kubekho ukuxolelana phakathi kwabatshatileyo.

Ndingangqinisisa njani enkundleni ukuba umtshato wam uqhawulwe ngokungenakurhoxiswa?Nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo ibalwa njengobungqina bokuqhawuka komtshato ngokungenakurhoxiseka.1. Abatshati abasahlali kunye njengendoda nomfazi kangangexesha

elithile.2. Xa omnye wabatshati athe wanobudlelwane obusondeleyo

(ngokwesondo) nomnye umntu phakathi kwabo babini batshatileyo;3. Xa athe omnye wabatshati wawushiya umzi wabo ababehlala kuwo

njengabantu abatshatileyo;4. Xa ubudlelwane buphele ngenxa yokungaphatheki kakuhle komnye

wabatshati ngokuthi abethwe qho, anukunezwe ngezithuko okanye ngokwasengqondweni;

5. Xa omnye wabatshati esebenzisa iziyobisi okanye utywala ade axhomekeke kuzo;

6. Xa omnye wabatshati athe wabanjwa, emva koko abhengezwe “njengesikrelemnqa esaphula umthetho”

7. Abo babini batshatileyo abasathandani, kwaye abasakhathalelananga njengakuqala.

Ukuba owakwam ugula ngengqondo okanye uqhubeka engekho zingqondweni ndingawuqhawula umtshato?Ewe, kuya kufuneka ungqine enkundleni ukuba ebelaliswe kwiziko labagula ngengqondo kangangeminyaka emibini kungekho themba lokuphila. Ukuba owakwakho akakho zingqondweni, kudingeka ubonise ukuba waqhubeka engekho zingqondweni kangangeenyanga ezintandathu kungekho themba lokuphila.

Kufuneka ndiye phi ukuze ndiqhawule umtshato?“Ingaba inkundla yenza isigwebo ngemibandela yogcino nesondlo ngokuphathelele ebantwaneni? Ewe,, inkundla yosapho yenza izigqibo ephathelele kumthetho wosapho, ukuquka isondlo, amalungelo abazali namaxanduva, aya kuba nokhathalelo lomntwana kwanoqhagamshelwano aya kuba nalo omnye umzali. “

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Ingaba ndidinga ummeli wasemthethweni kwinkundla yemibandela yeentsapho?Hayi, abatshatileyo bangathatha isigqibo ngaphandle kommeli wasemthethweni. Xa abo batshatileyo benze njalo, iindleko zoqhawulo-mtshato ziba ncinane. Ngenxa yokuba iinkqubo ezithathwayo azinabunzima kakhulu, kwaye uqhawulo-mtshato ingaqosheliswa ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, xa kukho abantwana, inkqubo inokuthatha ixesha elide ukuba iqosheliswe kuba inkundla kufuneka ilungiselele intlalontle yabantwana.

Zifumaneka phi iinkundla zeentsapho okanye zekhaya?Iinkundla zeentsapho zifumaneka kwinkundla yengingqi ekufuphi naye. Iinkundla zengingqi ngoku zingajongana neembambano eziquka uqhawulo-mtshato, isondlo, ukwamkelwa kwabantwana ngokwasemthethweni nougcinwa kwabantwana (amalungelo namaxanduva obuzali). iIinkcukacha apho ungafumana khona iinkundla zosapho/zekhaya kunye neenombolo zemfono-mfono zibahlwe ngasemva kule ncwadana.

Ngawaphi amaxwebhu endiwadingayo, xa ndisiya kwinkundla yeentsapho?1. Incwadi yenu yomtshato eqinisekisiweyo;2. Incwadi yakho yesazisi eqinisekisiweyo;3. Incwadi yesazisi yomlingane wakho eqinisekisiweyo;4. Iincwadi eziqinisekisiweyo zokuzalwa kwabantwana benu

Ingaba inkundla iyokwenza isigqibo malunga nemibandela yokugcinwa nokondliwa kwabantwana?Ewe, inkundla yeentsapho ingenza isigqibo ngokuphathelele kumthetho wosapho, ukuquka isondlo sabantwana, amalungelo namaxanduva obuzali okuba ngubani na oya kugcina umntwana kwanendibano aya kuba nayo omnye umzali.

Care: Ulawulo oluphathekayo emntwaneni, ukongamela ubomi bomntwana bemihla ngemihla Contact: Ixesha elilungileyo lokuchitha ixesha nomntwanaGuardian: Ilungelo lokwenzela umntwana izigqibo ngokwasemthethweni. Bobabini abazali banogcino lomntwana ozelwe emtshatweni ngokusemthethweni. Ezinye zezigqibo zifuna imvume yabazali bobabini njengomntwana owamkelwe njengowelo khaya ngokwasemthethwewni, ukususwa komntwana elizweni, ukuthengisa Ipropati engashenxiswayo yomntwana (njengendlu).Certified copy: Ikopi efakwe isitampu ligosa lasebupoliseni okanye igosa lezifungo ukuqinisekisa ukuba le yikopi yokwenene yoxwebhu lokuqala.

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itheyibhile yamalungelo eMitshato eqhelekileyo ngokoMthetho

UmthethO ImItshatO Ka-eYam-YeYaKhO eYaKhO-YeYam

ImItshatO Ka-eYam YeYam eYaKhO-YeYaKhO

Okuyimfihlo Abo batshatileyo abavumelekanga ukuba banike ubungqina ngomnye wabo xa kuthethwa ngemeko yobundlobongela

Abo batshatileyo abavumelekanga ukuba banike ubungqina ngomnye wabo xa kuthethwa ngemeko yobundlobongela

Ikhaya losapho nezinye izinto zabo

Kufuneka bafumane inxalenye kwikhaya elo labo kwaye ngexesha lomtshato omnye ukhutshwa endlwini ngenxa yemeko ezithile ezikhethekileyo

Abatshatileyo banelungelo kuphela kwizinto abazisebenzele kunye emtshatweni- kuthi kuxhomeke ukuba bangafumana inxenye kwindlu abayisebenzele kunye. Ngexesha lomtshato abatshati bangakhutshwa endlwini ngemeko ezithile ezikhethekileyo

Izicwangciso zomhlala phantsi

Imali ethi iphume kumhlala phantsi iba lilungelo labatshati


Izicwangciso zempilo nokongiwa

Abatshati bathi babe nelungelo lokuthi bongiwe kulungiselelwe nempilo yabo zizicwangciso zempilo nokongiwa


I-inshorensi Abatshati bathi babe nelungelo elingaxoxisiyo lokukhuselwa ngI-inshorensi

Abatshati bathi babe nelungelo elingaxoxisiyo lokukhuselwa ngeinshorensi

Imibango yentsebenziswano

Abatshati banoxanduva lokuba basebenzisane ngamaxesha onke


Abantwana Abazali bobabini babantwana banelungelo lokukhulisa, nokuthatha izigqibo ezizizo ekukhuliseni abantwana babo

Abazali bobabini babantwana banelungelo lokukhulisa, nokuthatha izigqibo ezizizo ekukhuliseni abantwana babo

Ubumi bezwe bangaphakathi

Abatshati bathi banikwe amalungelo afanayo phantsi komthetho wobummi bezwe

Abatshati bathi banikwe amalungelo afanayo phantsi komthetho wobummi bezwe

Ilifa Xa kuthe kwasweleka umlingane womnye wabatshati kungenziwanga umyolelo obhaliweyo, lowo uphilayo uthi abenelungelo lokufumana inxenye kwizinto zalowo uswelekileyo

Xa kuthe kwasweleka umlingane womnye wabatshati kungenziwanga umyolelo obhaliweyo, lowo uphilayo uthi abenelungelo lokufumana inxenye kwizinto zalowo uswelekileyo

Isondlo Ukuba omnye umlingane uthe wasweleka, umfi kufuneka alungiselele lowo uyakuthi ashiyeke ukuba akwazi ukuphila kungabikho lutshintsho. Ukuba akwenziwanga oko umhlolo okanye umhlolokazi kufuneka enze isicelo sesondlo kwizinto zakhe

Ukuba omnye umlingane uthe wasweleka, umfi kufuneka alungiselele lowo uya kuthi ashiyeke ukuba akwazi ukuphila kungabikho lutshintsho. Ukuba akwenziwanga oko umhlolo okanye umhlolokazi kufuneka enze isicelo sesondlo kwizinto zakhe

Ukwenzakala emsebenzini okanye ukugula

Abatshati banelungelo lokuthi babonelelwe ukuze bakwazi ukuphila


Ukhuseleko kububhovubhovu

Abatshati bakhuselekile kwimpatho-mbi ngokubethwa


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iSahluKo 2:imitshato yesiNtu

Uyintoni umtshato wesiNtu?Umtshato wesiNtu ngulowo ungokwezithethe namasiko abantu bemveli baseMzantsi Afrika.

Ingaba ihlonitshiwe imitshato yesiNtu?NgokoMthetho we-Recognition of the Customary Marriages Act ka-1998 (RCMA), iPalamente inikele ngonakano nokhuselo lwemitshato yesiNtu. I-RCMA iqalise ukusebenza ngomhla we-15 kuNovemba 2000.

Kuthini ukuba ndatshata phambi kokuba uphunyezwe lo mthetho?Umtshato wakho uya kuba nokuhlonitshwa nokukhuselwa ukuba uyahambelana nomthetho wesiNtu kwaye wawusele ukhona emva kokuphunyezwa kwalo Mthetho. Ukuba umtshato wakho kwangaphambi kokuba iqale ukusebenza i-RCMA kwaye ungowesithembu, ngoko ke umthetho wakho usalawulwa ngumthetho wesiNtu. Ukuba usemtshatweni wesintu apho utshatele emntwini omnye, akukhathaliseki nokuba wawutshate ngaphambili okanye emva kokuba iqale ukusebenza i-RCMA, umtshato wakho ulawulwa ngokwemiqathango ye-RCMA.

Implementation: Umhla owaqala ngawo ukusebenza umthetho.Legally valid: Okuthathelwa ingqalelo nokukhuselweyo ngumthethoMonogamous: Kukho abantu ababini kuphela emtshatweni, akukho namnye kubo onomnye umyeni okanye inkosikazi.Polygynous: Xa indoda inomfazi ongaphezulu kwesinye. Igama elisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ngu-“polygamous”, nangona kunjalo oku kuthetha umtshati unokuba ngaphezulu komtshati omnye kwaye enyanisweni, i-RCMA ivumela ukuba indoda ibe nomfazi ongaphezulu kwesinye.Perpetual minor: Njengomntwana wanaphakade ngokwasemthethweni, udinga ukuba owakwakho akungenele kwisivumelwano

OKUTHATHWEKUMAPHEPHANDABAInkundlaiyawurhoxisaumthethowemitshatoyesiNtu - UErnest Mabuza, uMbhaleli weMicimbi yezoMthethoINkundla yoMgaqo-siseko yawuphelisa umthetho womthetho wesiNtu othintela abafazi ekubeni babe nepropati engenakushukunyiswa kumtshato wesiNtu. Inkundla yabhengeza ukuba isiqendu se-7 (1) nese-7 (2) soMthetho we-Recognition of Customary Marriage Act ka-1998 azikho semthethweni. IThemba leZiko laseMthethweni labaBhinqileyo, elalingumhlobo wenkundla etyaleni, wathi “liqela elikhulu labafazi” eliya kuxhamla kolu tshintsho.“Nkskz. Gumede namakhosikazi asesikhundleni sakhe ngoku banikezwa ukhuseleko ababengenako ukulonwabela phambi kwesi sigwebo kuba imitshato yabo ibilawulwa ngumthetho wesiNtu,” umphathi weziko, uJennifer Williams, watsho. USekela-Ntloko kwezoBulungisa uDikgang Moseneke wathi i-caser ibhekiselele kwibango lokucalucalulwa ngokungalunganga kwimihlaba yesini nobuhlanga ngokuphathelele kubafazi abatshate ngaphantsi kwemithetho yesintu eKwaZulu Natal. “Kwelinye inqanaba, ityala ligxininisa, ukuzingisa okunenkani bamadoda njengeentloko zeentsapho (ubusolusapho) kunye, ngokuphikisayo, umonzakalo wabafazi abaninzi ngexesha lomtshato wesiNtu nasekuphelisweni kwawo. Kwelinye inqanaba, ityala libuza imibuzo entsokothileyo emalunga nesithuba esithathwe ziinkqubo zemithetho zabantu abanezigxina ezininzi ngaxeshanye ngaphantsi kwesambuleli somthetho omnye ophakamileyo, obeka iplatfomu emiselwe ngokuqhelekileyo.” Isiqendu se-7 (1) somthetho sibonelela lo mitshato yesintu kungenwe ngaphambili kokuqalisa komthetho ka-2000 iqhubeka ukulawulwa ngumthetho wesiNtu. Imithetho yesiNtu ekungenqwe kuyo emva kokuba umthetho wazisiwe yimitshato ka-eyam yeyakho neyakho yeyam. UElizabeth Gumede kunye nomyeni wakhe, uAmos Gumede, wangena emtshatweni ngo-1968 lwaza usapho lwazifumanela imizi emibini. Ngo-Janyuwari ka-2003, waqalisa amanyathelo oqhawulo-mtshato. Wafumana ingcebiso kwiZiko leZibonelelo zaseMthethweni elathi lazisa isicelo esathi sahlala kwinyathelo loqhawulo-mtshato, ngokulindelee kubume bocalucalulo lomtshato wesiNtu.

I-Business Day, 9/12/2008

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Equitably: Ngokufanelekileyo nangokulinganayo

Zintoni iimfuneko zokungena kumtshato wesintu ngokomthetho?Kukho imimiselo emithathu yokwenza umtshato wesiNtu usebenze ngokwasemthethweni. Okokuqala, bobabini abatshatayo kufuneka babe ngaphaya kweminyaka eli-18. Okwesibini, bobabini kufuneka bavumelane ukuba bangaphantsi komtshato wesiNtu. Okwesithathu, umtshato wabo kufuneka ugcotyelwe ngokomthetho wesintu okhoyo jikelele kwindawo yabo yokuhlala.

Ingaba umthetho uyahlula phakathi kwemitshato yesintu ekwangenwa kuyo ngaphambili nasemva kokuphunyezwa komthetho?Ewe, kwimeko yemitshato yesithembu. Oku kuthetha ukuba abaazi abatshata ngaphambi kokuba umthetho uqalise ukusebenza kumtshato wesithembu abanikwa sikhundla silinganayo kweso sabayeni babo, kwaye imitshato yabo ilawulwa ngumthetho wesiNtu. Oku kuthetha ukuba le mitshato phantse iya kusoloko ingaphandle kwemitshatho ka-eyam yeyam eyakho yeyakho kwaye akuyi kubakho kubopheleleka ukuba umyeni asibhalise isivumelwano phambi kwe-RCMA apho atshate ngaphezulu komfazi omnye. I-Women’s Legal Centre lithethelela ukuba kutshintshwe oku ukuze kuhambelane noMthetho-siseko.

Nangona kunjalo, iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko (kwimeko kaGumede) yenza isigwebo sokuba abafazi abatshatele kwimithetho yesiNtu emntwini omnye ngaphambili kokuphunyezwa kwe-RCMA bakhuselwe zizibonelelo zawo kwaye bafumana ukukhuselwa okufanayo ngokungathi bebetshate emva kokuba isebenze i-RCMA. Oku kuthetha ukuba yonke imitshato yesintu yokutshatela emntwini omnye ithi ibe phantsi ka-eyam yeyakho neyakho yeyam ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye abafazi baba nesikhundla esilinganayo nesabayeni babo emthethweni. Inkundla ayizange ihambe kangakanani ekuqukeni imitshato yesithembu.

Imitshato yesiNtu kusoloko kwathiwa iyeka-eyam yeyam eyakho yeyakho, ingaba kusenjalo?Imitshato yesiNtu etshatelwe kumntu omnye iba yeka-eyam yeyakho neyakho yeyam ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandleni kokuba la maqela enza isivumelwano esixela nto yimbi. Ukuba indoda inqwenela ukungena komnye umtshato wesintu (umtshato wesithembu) kufuneka yenze isicelo enkundleni ngesivumelwano esibhaliweyo esixela ukuba ingaba ilifa liya kulawulwa njani na kuyo yonke imitshato. Inkundla inganikeza umyalelo wokwahlulwa kwelifa lomtshato wokuqala ngoko nangoko.

Ingaba umthetho uyazenza izibonelelo zemitshato yesithembu?Ukuba umyeni wam ufuna ukuthatha omnye umfazi, uya kundikhusela njani umthetho?I-RCMA ayiyivumeli indoda ukuba ingene kwimitshato emininzi. I-RCMA imisela ukuba kumcimbi wokuba indoda inqwenela ukungena kumtshato wesithembu kufuneka yenze isicelo semvume enkundleni.

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Primogeniture: Umthetho wokuba isizalwane esiyindoda esisesona sidala kufuneka sixhamle ilifaAssets: Ipropati yexabiso, njengendlu, imoto okanye ifenitshala

Kwesi sicelo kufuneka izithi thaca iinkqubo zamafa abo bonke abafazi bayo. Onke amaqela anomdla kufuneka amelwe kwesi sicelo, ingakumbi abafazi abakhoyo nabasaza kubakho. Inkundla kufuneka izithathele ingqalelo iimeko z(ama)eqabane elikhoyo kunye namalungu osapho kwaye iqinisekise ukuba isivumelwano sahlula ilifa lomtshato okhoyo ngendlela elungileyo. Inkundla inegunya lokusamkela isivumelwano, ukongeza ummiselo okanye ikukhabe ukusamkela isivumelwano. Isibonelelo sijonge ekukhuseleni bonke abafazi, abantwana namalungu osapho.

Kwenzekani ukuba uyasweleka umyeni wam? Ndaxelelwa ukuba andinakuxhamla nto njengomfazi ngaphandleni kokuba ushiye umyolelo?Oku akuseyiyo inyaniso. Ungaxhamla. Ngo-2004 I-Women’s Legal Centre lasa ityala likaNkszn Bhe kunye neentombi zakho enkundleni. UMnu Bhe wasweleka engawenzanga umyolelo kwaye uyise womyeni ongasekhoyo wayeza kuxhamla indlu ngokomthetho wesiNtu. INkundla ePhakamileyo kunye neNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko kamva yafumanisa ukuba umthetho wesiNtu othi ngamadoda kuphela angaxhamla (ubuzibulo) awuhambiselani nomgaqo-siseko.

Ngo-2009 uRhulumente wapasisa umthetho ohlaziya umthetho wesiNtu wamafa ngokuhambiselana nezigwebo zeNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko. Lo Mthetho kuthiwa yi-Reform of Customary Law of Succession and Regulation of Related Matters Act No 11 ka-2009. Ekugqibeleni lo mthetho uwulahlela kude umthetho wobuzibulo. Kwakhona ngelithi amaqabane akwimitshato yesithembu angaxhamla isabelo esilingana nesomntwana kwilifa lomyeni wabo, ngaphandleni kokuba ilifa alinamali yaneleyo, kwimeko enjalo ilifa lahlulelwa amaqabane aphilayo ngokulinganayo.

Ndingawuphelisa njani umtshato wam wesiNtu?Ekuqaleni imitshato yesiNtu yayipheliswa ngesivumelwano ekuthethathethenwe ngaso phakathi kweentsapho zamaqabane. Apho iintsapho zingenakufikelela kwisisombululo khona, iinkokheli zomthonyama kunye neenkundla ziyangenelela ngendima elinganiselweyo yokufumana isiphumo esanelisayo.

Ngokuphunyezwa kwe-RCMA, iinkundla zinegunya elingathintelwanga lokuphelisa imitshato yesiNtu. Amakhosikazi ngoku anamalungelo afanayo nawamadoda okumisela amanyathelo okuqhawula umtshato. Iinkundla kufuneka zibe nenkathalo enkulu xa ziphelisa imitshato yesithembu. Inkundla mayiqinisekise ukuba ilifa lahlulwa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye kufuneka iwathathele ingqalelo onke amanye amalungu osapho abandakanyekayo. Inkundla kufuneka iyinikele ingqwalaselo ethile inyaniso yokuba okubonakala kuziiasethi zomyeni, enyanisweni kungenzeka kuthi kanti kuziiasethi zabafazi, zabantwana okanye amalungu osapho.

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itheyibhile yamalungelo eMitshato yesiNtu

UmthethO amaLUNgeLO aNIKeZwa KUmaqabaNe aKwImItshatO YOLUNtU

amaLUNgeLO aNIKeZwa KUmaqabaNe aKwImItshatO YesINtU

Okuyimfihlo Amaqabane akufunekanga angqinelane ngokuchaseneyo kumatyala olwaphulo-mthetho.

Kuyafana nakumtshato woluntu.

Indlu eqhelekileyo neLinye iLifa

Amaqabane anelungelo kwinxenye yendlu yendlu ekudityenwe ngayo, kwaye ngexesha lomtshato angakhutshelwa ngaphandle kuphela kwiimeko ezigabadeleyo

Kuyafana nakumtshato woluntu. (Imitshato yesithembu yangaphambi kwe-RCMA : umthetho wesiNtu uyasebenza).

Izikimu zomhlala-phantsi

Izikimu zomhlala-phantsi zidla ngokubonelela izixhamlo kumaqabane.


Izikimu zamayeza Izikimu zamayeza ziyafuneka ukukhusela amaqabane.


I-inshorensi Ukhuseleko lweinshorensi lukhusela amaqabane abaphantsi kweinshorensi ngoko nangoko.


Umsebenzi wenkxaso

Amaqabane anemfanelo yokuxhasana. Kuyafana nakumtshato woluntu. (Imitshato yesithembu yangaphambi kwe-RCMA: umthetho wesiNtu uyasebenza. INkundla ePhakamileyo yeZibheno iyinakanile imfanelo yenkxaso kwimitshato yesithembu ngokuphathelele kwiNgxowa-mali yeeNgozi zaseNdleleni ubuncinane [ityala likaGasa]).

Abantwana Bobabini abazali banogcino olulinganayo lomntwana.


Ungenelelo Omabini amaqabane anikezwa zixhamlo ezifanayo ngaphantsi komthetho wongenelelo.


Ilifa Ukuba iqabane lisweleka ngaphandle komyolelo, iqabane elisaphilayo linelungelo kwisabelo kwilifa leqabane elingasekhoyo.

Kuyafana nakumtshato woluntu. Imitshato yesithembu: inkosikazi nganye ifumana isabelo somntwana.

Ngawaphi amagunya ezinawo iinkundla?Inkundla inegunya lokumisela ukugcinwa kwabantwana ize iyalele intlawulo yesondlo sabo. Ngokongezelelweyo, inkundla inegunya lokwahlula iiasethi zasemtshatweni ize iyalele ukuhlawulwa kwesondlo kwiqabane elonzakalisiweyo.

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Isondlo Ukuba iqabane liyasweleka, ilifa lomfazi/lendoda kufuneka lilibonelele ngokwaneleyo iqabane elisaphilayo ngokweendlela zokuphila kwalo. Ukuba oku akunjalo, iqabane elisaphilayo lingenza ibango lesondlo kurhulumente.



Amaqabane anelungelo lokufumana imbuyekezo



Amaqabane afumana ukhuseleko kububhovubhovu basemakhaya.


iSahluKo 3:imitshato Ngokwenkolo Yenkonzo

Imitshato ngokwenkolo yenkonzo ichazwa njengemitshato endilisekileyo ngokwamalungelo enkolo okt. amalungelo amiselwe yinkolo yakho, njengakwimitshato yamaMoslem neyamaHindu. Imitshato ngokwenkolo yenkonzo inikezwe unakano unakano oluthile ziinkundla siza kuxoxa ngazo. Ngokunje akukabikho mthetho uyihlonelayo imitshato ngokwenkolo yenkonzo.

Ingaba umtshato wenkolo yenkonzo uyahlonitshwa kumthetho wasemzantsi afrika?Hayi. Akukho mthetho unikeza ukhuseleko kubantu abatshate ngokwamalungelo enkolo yenkonzo. Nangona kunjalo, Umgaqo-siseko ongowona mthetho uphakamileyo eMzantsi Afrika uyayihlonipha inkululeko yenkolo yenkonzo, ukulingana nesidima. Ngoko ke iinkundla zinikezwe intlonelo ethile kwiimeko ezithile, ingakumbi eyamaMoslem neyamaHindu imitshato.

Imitshato yamamoslemZeziphi iziphumo zobunini kumtshato wamaMoslem?Iziphumo zobunini kwimitshato yamaMoslem zezokuba ilifa lomyeni nelomfazi lihlala lahlukene emva komhla womtshato. Ngenxa yokuba umthetho ungayithatheli ingqalelo inkqubo yokwengezeleka ayisebenzi.

Ingaba lukhona naluphi na ukhuseleko lwasemthethweni ebantwini abangena kwimitshato yamamoslem?Kukho ukhuseleko oluncinane olunikezwa ziinkundla:Kwisondlo• Amaqabane kumtshato wamaMoslem angacela inkundla yesondlo

ukuba ifumane isondlo kwelinye iqabane. Ngemfanelo yenkxaso emva kokupheliswa komtshato ngokuwuqhawula, iinkundla ziyayinakana imfanelo yenkxaso emva kweenyanga ezintathu emva kokuba lunikeziwe uqhawulo-mtshato (njengoko kunakanwa ngumthetho wamaMoslem) zize ziqhubeke nokuphanda ubungakanani bamagalelo enziwe yinkosikazi ngexesha

18

lomtshato (ngokwemali nangenye indlela) ukumisela ubungakanani besondlo esimlungeleyo;

Iinkundla nazo ziyalivumela iqabane ukuba libange isondlo kumtshato wesithembu wamaMoslem. Ityala lenkundla elixhasa esi sikhundla ngokwasemthethweni sagqitywa kwi-Transvaal High Court yamandulo kuKhan v Khan apho inkundla yabambelela ekubeni inkosikazi etshate ngokwamalungelo obuMoslem ngaphantsi komtshato wokutshata nomntu omnye okanye wesithembu inelungelo lesondlo ngexesha lomtshato wabo ngenxa yoko uwela ngaphakathi komda woMthetho weSondlo.

• Kwimeko yetala likaMohamed ku-R Mohamed & abaNye abaThandathu, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseMpuma Koloni yayalela isondlo sexeshana ukondla iziqu, isondlo somntwana kunye negalelo lokuhlawula kwiindleko zetyala apho esona sigwebo siphambili siquka isigwebo somtshato (kweli tyala ibango lokuyalela ukuba imitshato yamaMoslem ilawulwe nguMthetho woQhawulo-mtshato).

• INkundla ePhakamileyo yaseKapa yalandela ekhondweni malunga nomyalelo owakhutshwa yinkundla kuMnu Dangor ukuba ahlawule isondlo sexeshana kuNkszn Hoosain kwityala likaHoosain kuDangor owayetshate ngokwenkolo yobuMoslem apho wayecela inkundla ukuba iqhawule umtshato ngokwamazwi oMthetho woQhawulo-mtshato kwakhona isigwebo esiphambili masigqityezelwe.

Ingaba lukhona naluphi na ukhuseleko ngokuphathelele kwiziphumo zobunini (belifa) zomtshato?Ewe, kodwa zincinci kakhulu.

Ngaphantsi komthetho wesivumelwano, kwityala likaRylands kuEdros, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseKapa yawunakana umtshato ondilisekiswe ngokuhambelana namalungelo obuMoslem njengesivumelwano esisemthethweni ngaphantsi koMgaqo-siseko. Ngenxa yoko, inkundla ingabizwa iqinisekise ukuba amaqela asemtshatweni wobuMoslem ayahambelana nesivumelwano sekhontrakthi.

Ngemfanelo yenkxaso, kwityala likaAmod kuMultilateral Motor Vehicle Accidents Fund umhlolokazi wenza amabango ngokulahlekelwa yinkxaso emva kokuba ebhujelwe ngumyeni wakhe. INkundla ePhakamileyo yeZibheno yenza isigqibo sokuba, kumoya wokunyamezelana, wokulingana nowokuba nezigxina ezininzi ngaxeshanye ngaphantsi koMgaqo-siseko omtsha, amaqela kumtshato wobuMoslem kumntu omnye ngokwe-de facto kumele unikezwe iintlawulo zomonakalo ezifanayo nezo zamaqela kumtshato woluntu.

De facto: OkusenyanisweniIntestate: Ukubhubha ngaphandle kokushiya umyolelo obhaliweyoDeceased estate: Ipropati yomntu obhubhileyoPolygynous: Kwinkcazelo ka-polygynous, bona icandelo lemitshato yesiNtu.Interim: Lide ligqitywe ityala elikhulu enkundleni.

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Iddah period ixesha lokulinda eliziinyanga ezintathu emva kokuba umtshato uqhawuliweUniversal partnership: Apho abatshati bathi bavume ukusebenza kunye ukuzenzela inzuzo yabo bobabinide facto: Umcimbi wenyaniso (ngokuchasene nomcimbi womthetho)

OKUTHATHWEKUMAPHEPHANDABAAbahlolokazibamaMoslembangalixhamlaiLifaNgoku”nguChantelle Benjamin (“Business Day,” March 12, 2004)EMzantsi Afrika – inkosikazi enguMoslem, enomyeni osweleke engawushiyanga umyolelo, ngoku unalo ilungelo lokuxhamla kwilifa lakhe, oku kulandela isigqibo esenziwe yiNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko yokunakana imibutho engaphantsi kwamalungelo enkolo yamaMoslem. Isigqibo sesokuqwalasela okwenziweyo, kwaye siya kubonelela abahlolokazi nabahlolo, abahluthwa uxhamlo lwamafa abo, ithuba lokubanga kwilifa, nkqu nokuba besele lisongiwe. Inkundla ikunakanile oku ukuba kungabangela umthwalo onzima kwinkqubo yezenkundla, kodwa yavakalelwa ngamalungelo abahlolokazi, ingakumbi, apho bekukho ingqwalaselo engxamisekileyo. UAlbie Sachs wezoBulungisa uthe kwisigwebo sakhe sesininzi: “Ukuba iingxaki eziphathelele kuqwalaselo lokwenziweyo zingavela, kumele ukujonganwa nazo ngendlela yetyala netyala.” Isigwebo, nangona sibonakala njengoloyiso kubahlolokazi bamaMoslem, asiphumeli kwabo bakwimitshato yesithembu.Nangona kunjalo, oku kungaguquka ukuba iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko yenza isigqibo sokuyinakana imitshato yesithembu ngaphantsi komthetho wesiNtu. Inkundla iphonononga umbandela wesithembu. Izolo inkundla igwebe yathi, kuMthetho waMafa abangaYolelanga, igama elithi, kunye negama osaphilayo kuMthetho weSondlo samaQabane asaPhilayo, “liquka umlingane osaphilayo kumtshato wamaMoslem womntu omnye”.

UloyisokumakhosikaziamaMoslemnguKaren Maughan (“Cape Times”, July 16, 2009)“UFatima Gabie Hassam walahlekelwa yiyo yonke into ngexesha umyeni wakhe ebhubha ngaphandle komyolelo – emshiya, njengeqabane kumtshato wamaMoslem wesithembu, engenalungelo lasemthethweni kwilifa lakhe. Umyeni wakhe wayenabafazi ababini, kwaye uMthetho waMafa abangaYolelanga ubonelela iqabane elinye kuphela ukuba lifumane ilifa. Kodwa yena uHassam akazange anikezele wazibhakaxa koko kwakuza kuba lityala lenkundla elithathe iminyaka emihlanu ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke amakhosikazi amaMoslem akumtshato wamaMoslem wesithembi angabelana ngelifa ukuba umyeni wabo ubhubhe ngaphandle komyolelo. Oomantyi abali-11 beNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko bamgwebela uHassam, 63. Bayalela ukuba amagama athi ‘okanye amaqabane’ afundelwe kuMthetho lowo, kwanokuba utshintsho lwenziwe kuqwalaselo lokwenziweyo kuEpreli 27,1994”.

UkuphumelelakomhlolokazikuvulaiingcangonguDoreen Premdev (“Tribune Herald”, November 9, 2008)“USaloshinie Govender waba ngumhlolokazi waza wahluthwa iThali yakhe yomtshato ( umtya otyheli wetsheyina yasentanyeni eneephendanti zegolide, enxintywa ngabafazi abatshatileyo bamaHindu kumZantsi weIndiya) ngabantu basemzini kwiinyanga ezingama-22 ezaflulayo. Bala ukuwunakana umtshato wesiHindu kaGovender kunyana wabo uBalasundran Narainsamy, okanye ukumvumela axhamle ilifa lakhe lama-R380 000. Le nyewe wayithabathela enkundleni yaza le veki yenza imbali xa wathi watshintshela amakhosikazi atshate ngokwamalungelo esiHindu eMzantsi Afrika”.

Ingaba ndinalo naluphi na ukhuseleko emthethweni ukuba umyeni wam unokusweleka?Ewe. Kwityala likaDaniels kuCampbell No & Others, iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko yatolika igama elithi “spouses” kuMthetho waMafa abangaYolelanga kunye no-“survivor” kuMthetho weSondlo samaQabane asaPhilayo ukuquka amaqela kwimitshato yamaMoslem. Ngenxa yoko, iqabane elisaphilayo linako:1. ukuxhamla ilifa ngokomthetho waMafa abangaYolelanga; kunye2. nokuzisa ibango lesondlo kwilifa lomntu ongasekhoyo.Amaqabane akumtshato wamaMoslem wesithembu nawo akhuselekile xa umyeni eswelekile. Kwityala likaGabie Hassam kuJacobs N.O. & Others, iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko yasiqinisekisa isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseKapa sokuba apho ongasekhoyo anomfazi ongaphezulu kwesinye abatshate ngomthetho wamaMoslem, abafazi baya kuba nelungelo lokuxhamla kuMthetho waMafa abangaYolelanga kwaye babe nebango lesondlo ngokoMthetho weSondlo samaQabane asaPhilayo.

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ImItshatO YamahINdU

Zeziphi iziphumo zobunini (belifa) zomtshato wamahindu?Imitshato yamaHindu ithathwa njengomtshato ka-eyam yeyakho neyakho yeyam.

Ingaba lukhona naluphi na ukhuseleko lwasemthethweni kubantu abangena kwimitshato yamahindu?KwiSondlo - Kwityala likaPrag inkundla yeSondlo yayalela uMnu Prag ukuba ahlawule isondlo seqabane kuNkskz Prag awayetshate naye ngokwamalungelo esiHindu.

Ingaba ndinalo naluphi na ukhuseleko emthethweni ukuba umyeni wam enditshate naye ngokwamalungelo esihindu uyasweleka?Ewe. Kwityala likaGovender, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseThekwini yayongezelela inkcazelo yegama elithi iqabane ‘elisaphilayo’ kwi-ISA (uMthetho waMafa abangaYolelanga) nakwi-MSSA (uMthetho weSondlo samaQabane asaPhilayo) ukuquka iqabane elisaphilayo ukuba libe yinkosikazi etshatwe ngokomthetho nesiko lesiHindu, apho aya kuba nako ukuxhamla kwilifa lendoda yakhe eswelekileyo xa ithe yabhubha ingawushiyanga umyolelo.

itheyibhile yamalungelo emitshato yamaMoslem

UmthethO amaLUNgeLO aNIKeZwa KwImItshatO YOLUNtU

amaLUNgeLO aNIKeZwa KwImItshatO YamamOsLem

Okuyimfihlo Amaqabane akufunekanga angqinelane ngokuchaseneyo kumatyala olwaphulo-mthetho.

Kuyafana nakumtshato woluntu, imitshato yenkolo inakanwa njengesemthethweni ngenxa yeenjongo zomthetho wobungqina.

Indlu eqhelekileyo neLinye iLifa

Amaqabane anelungelo kwinxenye yendlu yendlu ekudityenwe ngayo, kwaye abanakukhutshelwa ngaphandle ekhayeni.

Ngokuthe gabalala oku akusebenzi kwimitshato yenkolo. Umthetho wesivumelwano, ubutyebi obuze ngondlela mnyama nobulingane ngokuthe jikelele bunokungasetyenziselwa ukunceda abalingane kwingxabano emalunga nelifa.

Izikimu zomhlala-phantsi

Izikimu zomhlala-phantsi zidla ngokubonelela izixhamlo kumaqabane.

Ezinye izikimu zinikezwa kumntu owonyulwe ngumhlawuleli, kwaye inani elikhulu lazo liyabanakana “abalingane,” into leyo engaquka amaqela emitshato yenkolo.

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Izikimu zamayeza Izikimu zamayeza ziyafuneka ukukhusela amaqabane.

Izikimu zamayeza ziyimfuneko ukukhusela abalingane, into leyo engaquka amaqela emitshato yenkolo.

I-inshorensi Ukhuseleko lweinshorensi lukhusela amaqabane abaphantsi kweinshorensi ngoko nangoko.

Abalingane banokufakana kukhuseleko lweinshorensi – nangona kunjalo kufuneka bakucele ngokukhethekileyo oku. Ayizenzekeli.

Umsebenzi wenkxaso

Amaqabane anemfanelo yokuxhasana. Iinkundla ziyayinakana into yokuba amaqela kumtshato wenkolo anemfanelo yokuxhasana.

Abantwana Bobabini abazali banogcino olulinganayo lomntwana.

Bobabini bangabalondolozi bomntwana ngokomthetho olawula abantwana, apho kuqukwe Khona imitshato yenkolo kwinkcazelo yawo yomtshato.

Ungenelelo Omabini amaqabane anikezwa zixhamlo ezifanayo ngaphantsi komthetho wongenelelo.

Amaqela akumtshato wenkolo anikezwa amaxhamlo afanayo ngaphantsi komthetho wongenelelo.

Ilifa Ukuba iqabane lisweleka ngaphandle komyolelo, iqabane elisaphilayo linelungelo kwisabelo kwilifa leqabane elingasekhoyo.

Iinkundla zinikeze iqabane elikumtshato wenkolo womntu omnye amalungelo afanayo njengeqabane elikumtshato woluntu. Apho umyeni abhubha ngaphandle komyolelo, kwaye enomfazi ongaphezulu kwesinye inkundla ibanakana ukuba bonke abafazi baya kuxhamla izabelo ezilingana nenxenye yomntwana

Isondlo Ukuba iqabane liyasweleka, ilifa lomfazi/lendoda kufuneka lilibonelele ngokwaneleyo iqabane elisaphilayo ngokweendlela zokuphila kwalo. Ukuba oku akunjalo, iqabane elisaphilayo lingenza ibango lesondlo kurhulumente.

Iinkundla zilongezelele ibango leqabane elisaphilayo ukwenzela isondlo esisuka kwilifa leqabane elingasekhoyo kwimitshato yomntu omnye nakweyesithembu.


Amaqabane anelungelo lokufumana imbuyekezo

Amaqela kumtshato wenkolo anelungelo kwimbuyekezo ukuba ebehlala kunye njengomyeni nenkosikazi ngexesha lokugula, lokwenzakala okanye lokufa.


Amaqabane afumana ukhuseleko kububhovubhovu basemakhaya.

Amaqela kumtshato wenkolo akhuselekile kububhovubhovu basemakhaya.

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iSahluKo 4: imitshato Yabantu Besini Esinye

Ngokomthetho inkcazelo yomtshato yongezelelelwe ukuquka umtshato phakathi kwabantu besini esinye.

Ingaba imitshato yamadoda atshatana odwa kunye namabhinqa atshatana odwa uthathelwa ingqalelo ngokwasemthethweni?Kwityala phakathi koMphathiswa wezaseKhaya (edibaniselene nabanye) nomceli-mngeni uFourie (nabakhe) [Minister of Home Affairs & Another v Fourie & Another] inkundla yaqaphela ukuba ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwabantu abathandanayo besini esinye ekubeni zingavunyelwa ukuba zitshate ngokwasemthethweni kuxinzelela ubandlululo lwaba bantu njengabakheswa asekuhlaleni. Le nto ithetha ukuba nothando nemvisiswano phakathi kwabo ayinikwa ukhuseleko ngokwasemthethweni ngokulinganayo njengemitshato eqhelekileyo.`

Inkundla yanikeza ipalamente unyaka ukuba ixazulule lomba ukusela ngomhla we-1 kuDisemba 2005. Ngenxa yetyala likaFourie, ipalamente yaqulunqa umthetho womanyano nemitshato ngokwasemthethweni ngo-2006 (Civil Union Act 17 of 2006) onikeza ingqalelo esemthethweni kwimitshato yabantu besini esinye

Zintoni emandizilindele ukuba ndingatshata phantsi kwalo mthetho wokuzimanya ngokwasekhaya (Civil Union act)?Abo batshata phantsi kwalo mthetho wokuzimanya (Civil Union) banamalungelo alinganayo njengabo batshate ngokomthetho wemitshato eqhelekileyo (Marriage Act of 1961). Bangakhetha umtshato ogunyazisa ukuba eyam-yeyakho neyakho-yeyam; eyakho-yeyakho eyam-yeyam kodwa esikusebenzele emtshatweni kokwethu sobabini; eyam-yeyam eyakho-yeyakho.

I-Civil Union act ibhekiselele kwindibaniselwano nomtshato, yintoni umahluko? Awukho mahluko. Umthetho lo usebenzisa lamagama ukwenzela ukuba bonke abo batshatileyo nokuba ngabesini esinye bangazibiza ngokuba baselumanyanweni ngokomthetho okanye basemtshatweni. Ngoko ke nokuba bangazibiza luhlobo luni na, umanyano lwabo bafumana ukhuseleko olufanayo ngokwasemthethweni njemitshato yesiqhelo.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa sikhetha ukubuqhawula ubudlelwane?Yonke imithetho nemiqathango equlunqelwe ukuqhawula umtshato isetyenziswa ngokufanayo phantsi koMthetho wemitshato eqhelekileyo (jonga kwiphepha 10)

Heterosexual: Isini esingafaniyo (eschasene) nesinye

OKWAMAPHEPHA-NDABAUmtshatowesiniesinyeuvunyelweeMzantsiAfrikaI-Afrol News, 1 Disemba 2005. INkundla yoMgaqo-siseko yaseMzantsi Afrika namhlanje igqibe ekubeni imitshato yesini esinye isemthwethweni yaza yanika urhulumente wasePitoli iinyanga ezili-12 ukuba alungise imithetho yomtshato ukuba ingqamane nesi sigqibo esisekwe ekuqapheleni ngokomthetho amalungelo omgaqo-siseko amadoda namabhinqa athandana esisini esinye. Isithethi seSebe lezaseKhaya laseMzantsi Afrika namhlanje sithe urhulumente uyasamkela esi sigqibo kwaye uza kuthatha amanyathelo asemthethweni afanelekileyo.

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iSahluKo 5: ukuhlalisana Kwababini abathandanayo

Kuyintoni ukuhlalisana?Zininzi iindlela zokuhlalisana. Ngokubanzi eli gama libhekiswa kwabo bahlala ngokusisigxina bekwimvisiswano yomnye nomnye bobabini bagqibe ukuba bangatshati okanye bengenakho ukutshata kodwa bethwalisana ngemithwalo yekhaya nokuhlala ngokufananyo nabo basemitshatweni.

Ukuba ndihleli neqabane iminyaka emihlanu, lo nto ingaba ingathathwa njengomtshato?Hayi, ngokomthetho waseMzantsi, anithathwa njengabatshatileyo. Oku kuyenzeka kwamanye amazwe anjengoMelika, hayi apha eMzantsi Afrika.

Loluphi ukhuseleko endinalo ngokwasemthethweni?Abahlalisanayo abakhuselekanga abathathelwa ngqalelo ngokwasemthethweni kwaye akukho zimfanelo kobu budlelwane ngokwasemthethweni.

Umthetho wemanyano zasekhaya (civil Union act) uyaziqapheloa iimanyano ngokuhlalisana?Emva kokuba lagqitywa lamchitha ityala lakhe uRobinson umthetho wemanyano (Civil Union Bill) waqulunqwa epalamente. Umphumela womthetho yaba kukuba iimanyano zokuhlalisana azichaphazeleki phantsi kwalo mthetho – wathi ke azithathelwa ngqalelo ngokwasemthetweni. Ngoko ke abahlalisanayo abanamalungelo anokondlana ngokomthetho. Izinto zabo banazo ngokobunye babo akukho kwabelana ngokomthetho. Ukuba omnye wabo uthe wasweleka engashiyanga myolelo ubhaliweyo, lowo useleyo akanabango ngokusemthethweni kwilifa lomfi, kwaye akanamalungelo okufuna isondlo kwilifa likamfi.

Ndingazikhusela njani xa ndihlalisana?Abahlalisanayo bangazenzela isivumelwano esilawula imiqathango yobudlelwane babo baze basinikeze enkundleni ukunyanzelisa imiqathango yesivumelwano.

Zintoni iziphumo ngokwasemthethweni ukuba asiphumeleli ukungena kwisivumelwano esibhaliweyo buze bufikelele esiphelweni ubudlelwane?Ukuba awungeni kwisivumelwano esibhaliweyo, umthetho awunikezi ngalo naluphi na ukhuselo. Apho abatshati bangaphumeleli khona ukungena kwisivumelwano, umthetho uwuthatha njengobubudlelwane obungekho mthethweni obukhoyo phakathi kwabatshati ababini.

Domestic partnership: Kuqheleke kusaziwa njengo-“ukuhlalisana” okanye abalingane bobomi

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OKWAMAPHEPHA-NDABA

Iqhinalomtshatokuphela - ngu Michelle O’sullivan Kwi-The Mail and Guardian, 1 kuMatshi 2005Kumvulo odlulileyo, iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko ikhuphe isigqibo ngetyala likaEthel Robinson. Inkundla ithe yabhaxula isininzi esingaphaya kwezigidi ezibini(2 million) yabaseMzantsi abahlalisanayo. URobinson owayehlalisana neqabane lakhe imniyaka engaphaya kwe 15 wacela inkundla ukuba imnike isabelo kwilifa leqabane lakhe lakusweleka. Ijaji enkulu uSkweyiya, emele isininzi senkundla, wathi akukho calucalulo lubucayi xa inkundla icacise iyantlukwano phakathi kwabo bezindlalifa zomtshato ngokwasemtshatweni kwindlalifa zokuhlalisana kwabo basini-sinye ngokungqamene namalungelo nezicelo zesondlo.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela ezifumanekayo ngokwasemthethweni njengokuba ukuba unako ukungqina ukuba ubukho bemanyano ngokubanzi. Ngokwemiqathango yesivumelwano semanyano ngokubanzi inkundla inelungelo lokwenza ulwabiwo lwelifa ngokulinganayo, ngokulingana negalelo elenziwe ngumtshati ngamnye.

Uyichaza njani imanyano ngokubanzi (universal partnership)?Imanyano ngokubanzi sisivumelwano ngobudlelwane (ngokuthetha, ukubhala, okanye ngezenzo) phakathi kwababini ngokudibaniselana ngezinto zabo zibe zezabo bobabini. Xa kunjalo ke zonke ezo zinto zezabo bobabini ngokupheleleyo ngexesha besahlalisana. Iimfuneko ezisemthethweni zine ekufuneka zihlangatyezwe zezi:1. Injongo kukwenza inzuzo2. Omnye nomnye kufuneka abe negalelo3. Injongo kukuba onmye nomnye abe nenzuzo4. Isivumelwano kufuneka sibe semthethweniKunzima ukufezekisa ubungqina bobukho bemanyano ngokubanzi (universal partnership) enkundleni, ingakumbi amagalelo abo bakulo manyano.

Yeyiphi enye indlela endinokuzikhusela ngayo?Umthetho olawula ukuba abantu bangabi nenzuzo abangenamfanelo kuyo ungamkhusela onmye ukuba angaxhwithwa ngomnye. Abahlalisanayo ngamanye amaxa bayadibaniselana ukuze bathenge into enokubanceda njengemoto okanye indlu. Kambe baye bayibhalisele lo nto egameni lomnye kubo. Kambe kuthi bakuphela ubudlelwane , ithi ke indlu ebhaliswe ngomnye wabo angabi nalungelo kuyo lowo igama lakhe, nokuba ebenegalelo ekuthengweni kwayo. Xa ufuna imbuyekezo yakho okanye igalelo lakho kwakunyanzeleka ukuba uzise ubungqina bokuba wawungaliphi iqabane lakho elogalelo lakho. Kunzima ke ukuveza obo bungqina.

Express: Ixelwe ngokubhaliweyo okanye ngokuthethiweyoTacit: Kungathathelwa kwiimeko

itheyibhile Yamalungelo Yokuhlalisana Kwababini

UmthethO amaLUNgeLO abO batshatILeYO

amaLUNgeLO abO bahLaLIsaNaYO

Okuyimfihlo Abo batshatileyo abavumelekanga ukuba banike ubungqina ngomnye wabo xa kuthethwa ngemeko yobundlobongela

Abo bahlalisanayo bavumelekile ukuba banike ubungqina ngomnye wabo xa kuthethwa ngemeko yobundlobongela

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Ikhaya losapho nezinye izinto zabo

Kufuneka bafumane inxalenye kwikhaya elo labo kwaye ngexesha lomtshato omnye ukhutshwa endlwini ngenxa yemeko ezithile ezikhethekileyo

Oku akuye kuthathelwe ngqalelo kubantu abahlalisanayo. Umthetho wesivumelwano esisayiniweyo nomanyano ngokubanzi uye usetyenziswe ekuncediseni abalingane abo bahlalisanayo xa kuthe kwabakho ingxwabangxwaba.

Izicwangciso zomhlala phantsi


Imali ethi iphume kumhlala phantsi iba lilungelo lalo mntu uthi atyunjwe ngumfi lowo, kwaye kumaxesha amaninzi kutyunjwa umlingani

Izicwangciso zempilo nokongiwa


Izicwangciso zempilo nokongiwa zithi zibe lilungelo labo bathandanayo

I-inshorensi Abatshati bathi babe nelungelo elingaxoxisiyo lokukhuselwa ngI-inshorensi

Lowo uthi athathe i-inshorensi nguye othi athathe isigqibo sokuba afake umlingane wakhe kodwa lo nto ayiveli yenzeke kufuneka kubekho uthetha-thethwano

Imibango yentsebenziswano


Abahlalisanayo abanalo uxanduva lokuba basebenzisane ngamaxesha onke

Abantwana Bobabini abazali bobabini babantwana banelungelo lokukhulisa.

Abazali abahlalisanayo banelungelo lokukhulisa abantwana ngokwamandla aboUmama yena uthi anikwe ilungelo lokuhlala nomntwana okany abantwana

Ubumi bezwe bangaphakathi

Bobabini abatshati bathi banikwe amalungelo afanayo phantsi komthetho wobumi bezwe

Abazali abahlalisanayo bathi banikwe amalungelo afanayo phantsi komthetho wobumi bezwe

Ilifa Xa kuthe kwasweleka umlingane womnye wabatshati kungenziwanga umyolelo obhaliweyo, umhlolo okanye umhlolokazi uthi abenelungelo lokufumana inxenye kwizinto zalowo uswelekileyo

Xa kuthe kwasweleka umlingane womnye wabahlalisanayo engenzanga umyolelo obhaliweyo, lowo uphilayo akanalo ilungelo lokufumana inxenye kwizinto zalowo uswelekileyo. Izinto ziba ngcono xa athe umntu washiya umyolelo obhaliweyo.

Isondlo Ukuba omnye umlingane uthe wasweleka, umfi kufuneka alungiselele lowo uyakuthi ashiyeke ukuba akwazi ukuphila kungabikho lutshintsho. Ukuba akwenziwanga oko umhlolo okanye umhlolokazi kufuneka enze isicelo sesondlo kwizinto zalowo ungasekhoyo

Akukho mthetho wokhuseleko kubantu abahlalisanayo



Abahlalisanayo banelungelo lokuthi babonelelwe ukuze bakwazi ukuphila ukuba bebehlala njengendoda nomfazi abatshatileyo ngexesha lengozi okanye lokubhubha komnye



Abahlalisanayo bakhuselekile kwimpatho-mbi ngokubethwa

iphondo inkundla yeNgingqi imfono-mfono

eMpuma Koloni East London 043 722 6643 Grahamstown 046 622 7303 Graaff-Reinet 049 892 2263 King William’s Town 043 642 3548 Port Elizabeth 041 502 7400 Queenstown 045 839 2013 Humansdorp 042 291 0732eFree State Bethlehem 085 303 5386 Bloemfontein 051 506 5111 Kroonstad 056 212 6706 Welkom 057 916 2500eGauteng Ekangala 013 934 4249/50 Johannesburg 011 491 5000 Kempton Park 011 975 0313 Oberholzer 018 788 2341 Pretoria 012 319 4001/2 Randburg 011 789 2600 Roodepoort 011 766 1004 Germiston 011 873 0500/7 Vereeniging 016 422 0071/4eKwaZulu-Natal Durban 031 332 2040 Empangeni 035 772 1711/2/3 035 923 3232 Newcastle 034 312 1166/7/8 Vryheid 034 981 4912 Pietermaritzburg 033 355 5100 Port Shepstone 039 682 0136/0163eLimpopo Giyani 015 812 1069/015 812 0420/1 Lebowakgomo 015 633 7160 Sekhukhune 013 260 1001/2 Tzaneen 015 307 3770/1 Thohoyandou 015 962 5550/2eMpumalanga Eestehoek 017 883 0090 Evander 017 632 2204/7 KwaMahlanga 013 947 2363/6 Middleburg 013 282 5345eNorthern Cape De Aar 053 631 2184/5 Kimberley 053 833 2576 Upington 054 337 5300eNorth West Brits 012 252 3223 Klerksdorp 012 700 8200 Potchefstroom 018 293 0701 Rusternburg 014 592 2206 Temba 012 717 2179/3364/3327 Vryburg 053 927 3841eNtshona Koloni Atlantis 021 572 1003/9 Bellville 021 950 3387 Cape Town 021 401 1503 George 044 802 5800 Mitchells Plian 021 370 4200 Oudsthoorn 044 272 6061/2 Somerset West 021 850 7420 Worcester 023 342 2325 Wynberg 021 799 1800

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