Waves SEPUP • Issues in Physical Science – Third Edition Activity 5: Telephone Model Guiding Question Which type of signal, analog or digital, is more reliable? 1
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WavesSEPUP • Issues in Physical Science – Third Edition
Activity 5: Telephone Model
Guiding Question
Which type of signal, analog or digital, is more reliable?
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WavesSEPUP • Issues in Physical Science – Third Edition
Activity 5: Telephone Model
Key Vocabulary
} analog } digital } function } pattern } risk } structure
Key Vocabulary
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WavesSEPUP • Issues in Physical Science – Third Edition
Activity 5: Telephone Model
Get Started
Describe in your notebook how the first telephones worked.
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WavesSEPUP • Issues in Physical Science – Third Edition
Activity 5: Telephone Model
Get Started
Scientific model
} Model - Any representation of a system or its components used to help one understand and communicate how it works
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WavesSEPUP • Issues in Physical Science – Third Edition
Activity 5: Telephone Model
Introduction
Read the introduction and look for key ideas
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WavesSEPUP • Issues in Physical Science – Third Edition
Activity 5: Telephone Model
Do the Activity
Complete the procedure
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} Record your data in your notebook.
WavesSEPUP • Issues in Physical Science – Third Edition
Activity 5: Telephone Model
Do the Activity
Class data
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} Share with the class how you ranked the models from most (1) to least (4) accurate transmission of sound.◦ Speaking without noise◦ Tapping without noise◦ Speaking with noise◦ Tapping with noise
WavesSEPUP • Issues in Physical Science – Third Edition
Activity 5: Telephone Model
Build Understanding
What is the advantage of signals composed of discrete sounds?
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} Share your thoughts with the class.
WavesSEPUP • Issues in Physical Science – Third Edition
Activity 5: Telephone Model
Build Understanding
How does the structure of the model help it function?
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} Share your thoughts with the class.
WavesSEPUP • Issues in Physical Science – Third Edition
Activity 5: Telephone Model
Analysis
Analysis 1
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} Compare the transmission of voice and tapping in the activity. Which was understandable when there was ◦ no noise?◦ noise?
. a. Both the voice and tapping were clearly understood when there was no noise. b. The tapping was understandable when there was noise interference, but the voice was not. This makes the digital better in cases when there is noise.
WavesSEPUP • Issues in Physical Science – Third Edition
Activity 5: Telephone Model
Analysis
Analysis 2
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} In the diagrams shown, which models analog (voice) and which models digital (taps) signals transmitted through the telephone in the investigation? Explain what experiences you had in the activity that informed your choice.
. Diagram A is voice, and Diagram B is tapping.Talking into the telephone model was more like a continuous stream of sound, and so it better fits A. Tapping the bottom of the cup was an on/off pattern, and so that seems to match B
WavesSEPUP • Issues in Physical Science – Third Edition
Activity 5: Telephone Model
Analysis
Analysis 3
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} Look at the diagrams shown that model noise in the waves from item 2. Is it easier to interpret the original wave in the analog or digital model?
The diagram that models analog is harder to understand when there is noise compared with the digital because the line on the graph varies so much. This makes it hard to decipher the amplitude. On the tapping graph, since it is binary, it is easier to interpret the original amplitude because there are only two choices for the amplitude. This means the analog signal is more of a problem for telephone transmission.
. 70 NGCCCO4
. 71 NGSPOE1
. 72 NGPS4C1
. 73 NGCCSF2
WavesSEPUP • Issues in Physical Science – Third Edition
Activity 5: Telephone Model
Analysis
Analysis 4
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} How could technology have been used to improve the results of the experiment in this activity?
I think using a cell phone or recorder to play and record would help because the message would be standardized, and we could go back and listen to the transmission. Also, if we had a device that made the interference more consistent than running the string by hand, it would control a variable better, so we could be more certain about our results.
WavesSEPUP • Issues in Physical Science – Third Edition
Activity 5: Telephone Model
Revisit the Guiding
Question
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Which type of signal, analog or digital, is more reliable?
WavesSEPUP • Issues in Physical Science – Third Edition
Activity 5: Telephone Model
Review
Key Vocabulary definitions
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} analog signal - A stream of continuously changing value, such as air pressure, that is sent and received in its original form.
} digital signal - A coded system of 1s and 0s that represents information.
} function - A purpose or function which a particular thing can perform.
WavesSEPUP • Issues in Physical Science – Third Edition
Activity 5: Telephone Model
Review
Key Vocabulary definitions
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} pattern - Something that happens in a repeated and predictable way.
} risk - The chance that an action or event could result in something unfavorable happening, such as injury.
} structure - The way something is formed, built, or organized.
WavesSEPUP • Issues in Physical Science – Third Edition
Activity 5: Telephone Model
Extension
Extension
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} Research the history of telephones. Investigate how they have evolved from wired to wireless and from analog to digital. Create a summary from information found in written text and media/visual displays.
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