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Surge Wave Loading on Wood Structures Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and Engineering Oregon State U. John van de Lindt, Professor and Drummond Chair Dept. of Civil Engineering. U. of Alabama Daniel T. Cox, Professor Dept. of Civil Engineering, Oregon State U. 2010 SWST International Convention, Geneva, Switzerland
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Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Nov 11, 2018

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Page 1: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Surge Wave Loading onWood StructuresJebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student

Rakesh Gupta, ProfessorDept. of Wood Science and Engineering

Oregon State U.

John van de Lindt, Professor and Drummond ChairDept. of Civil Engineering. U. of Alabama

Daniel T. Cox, ProfessorDept. of Civil Engineering, Oregon State U.

2010 SWST International Convention, Geneva, Switzerland

Page 2: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

THE STORY OF THIS PROJECT STARTED AFTER HURRICANE KATRINA…………………WHERE….

Florida

Texas

New Orleans

Page 3: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

……WE SAW THIS KIND OF DAMAGE……AND…..

Page 4: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

……THIS KIND OF STRUCTURAL DAMAGE…….AND….

TOTAL STRUCUTRE COLLAPSE ROOF COLLAPSE

ROOF SHEATHING FAILUREPORCH COLLAPSE

Page 5: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

.......... AND DAMAGE CAUSE BY SUEGE WAVES WHERE…

5

A HOUSE ABOUT 1 KM FROM THE COAST

…….WHOLE STRUCUTRES WERE WIPED OUT OFF THEFOUNDATION NEAR THE COAST LINE.

Page 6: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

SURGE WAVE DAMAGE BY Asian Tsunami (2004)

http://www.geology.um.maine.edu/geodynamics/...www.waveofdestruction.org/tsunami-photos 6

SURGE WAVE………………..AND……………….DAMAGE

Page 7: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

SURGE WAVE DAMAGE BY Hurricane Ike (12AM, 13 Sept. 2008, Galveston, TX)

HOUSTON

What damage wascausedby Hurricane Ike?

Page 8: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

THIS IS HOW THE HOUSE SURVIVED…….BY…..

DOING WHAT THE ENGINEERS SPELLED OUT

AND

PAYING ATTENTION TO DETAILS

........................Mike Riley

Page 9: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

So, our Question was:

What are the wave forces on woodframe buildings ?

Page 10: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

We got NSF Funding ($75,000):

To look into: Wave Loading on Residential Structures

PI – John van de Lindt, Colorado State U.(Graduate Student – Rachel Garcia)Co-PI – Rakesh Gupta(Graduate Student – Jebediah Wilson)

Page 11: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Overview of Research ApproachDesign of Scale House

Testing in a Wave Basin

Full Scale Testing at CSU

Relate Test Parameters to Damage

Page 12: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Objectives:1. To measure forces on a 1/6th scale

wood framed structure.2. To evaluate qualitatively the

structural response to different loading conditions and structural configurations.

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Page 13: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Literature ReviewCity and County of Honolulu Building Code

Gives general guidelines to design for wave loading

It deals with multiple aspects of wave forces:

Surge force FS = 4.5 ∙ ρ ∙ g ∙ h2

Some evidence indicates this code over predicts forces.

13

Page 14: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Literature ReviewThusyanthan and Madabhushi (2008) Model coastal Sri Lankan structures scaled at 1:25

Compared standard design to tsunami resistant design

Openings and raised house reduced loading enough to prevent structural failure (remember Mike Riley whose house survived Hurricane Ike!)

14

Page 15: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Literature ReviewBuilding Code in the USA (ASCE/SEI 07-05)

~ 60 pages on Wind Loading

> 100 pages (12 Chapters) on Seismic Design

5 pages on Flood Loading, only 2 pages which are specifically on Wave Loading

15

Page 16: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

We did Initial Study in 2007 Summer

Tested 1:36 scale model

Tested by student Jason Miles

Purpose: To make recommendations for 1:6 scale tests

Page 17: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

1:36 Scale Model

LOADCELL

LOADCELLS

Page 18: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Model in WAVE BASIN1:36 Scale Model

Page 19: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Wave Impact

Page 20: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Vertical Loads During Wave Impact

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

2.5 2.55 2.6 2.65 2.7 2.75 2.8 2.85 2.9 2.95 3

Forc

e (lb

)

Time (s)

Typical Impact Forces

Front SensorRear Right SensorRear Left Sensor

T

C

EXPECTED RESPONSE

Page 21: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Floor Plans For 1/6th Scale Test Structure

First Story Second Story 21

1.2 m X 2.4 m

Page 22: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

1/6th Scale Test Structure

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Page 23: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

1/6th Scale Test Structure

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Page 24: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

1/6th Scale Test Structure

24

Page 25: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

1/6th Scale Test Structure

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Page 26: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

1/6th Scale Structure in the Tsunami Wave Basin

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Page 27: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Wave Lab Floor Plan and Elevation

Length: 48.8 m (160 ft)

Width: 26.5 m (87 ft)

Depth: 2.1m (7.0 ft)

27

Page 28: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Wave Lab Instrumentation

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Page 29: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Experimental conditions tested: Increased surface area for loading Closed and open windows Elevated structure Open crawl space and closed crawlspace Varying wave magnitudes

1.0m or 1.1m water depth 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, 40cm, 50cm, 60cm wave heights

Wave Lab Tests

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Page 30: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Test Matrix

142 Wave Lab Trials

Wave Ht. (cm) 0-1.0-WC-F-NE 0-1.0-WO-F-NE 0-1.1-WC-F-NE10 2 0 220 2 4 430 2 0 240 4 3 450 2 0 260 3 5 2

Total → 15 12 1643 Total Trials

KEY90 = 90° Orientation0 = 0° Orientation1.0 = 1.0 m water depth1.1 = 1.1 m water depthWO = Windows open WC = Windows closedF = FlashedNF = Non-FlashedE = Elevated structureNE = Non-Elevated Structure

Wave Ht. (cm) 90-1.0-WC-F-NE 90-1.0-WO-NF-NE 90-1.1-WC-F-NE 90-1.1-WO-NF-E 90-1.1-WC-NF-E10 0 2 2 0 220 0 4 2 7 730 0 3 2 2 040 8 4 2 8 950 0 1 2 2 260 7 4 2 3 10

Other 0 0 2 0 015 18 14 22 30Total →

99 Total Trials

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Page 31: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Results & Discussion

31

WAVE Action

Page 32: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Results & Discussion

32

Different Wave Types

Page 33: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Results & Discussion

33

HOUSE SMASH

Page 34: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Results & Discussion

40 cm Wave

House Orientation:0-1.0-WC-F-NE

34

Tension

Compression

RAW DATA – EXPECTED RESULTS

Page 35: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Results & Discussion

35Experimental setup was effective at measuring force

FORCE VALUES:

Page 36: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Results & Discussion Behavior of 1/6th Scale Structure – ELEVATED STRUCTURE

36Uplift predominant force w/ water beneath structure

Page 37: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Results & Discussion Behavior of 1/6th Scale Structure – NON-ELEVATED

37Expected Behavior – Overturning Moment

Page 38: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Results & Discussion Behavior of 1/6th Scale Structure(Windows Closed versus Windows Open)

0-1.0-WC-F-NE

0-1.0-WO-F-NE

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Forc

e (N

)

Wave Height (cm)

38Force Windows Closed ~ 2.4 X Force Windows Open

Page 39: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Conclusions Experimental setup was effective at measuring force

Uplift predominant force w/ water beneath structure

Predominant force – Overturning Moment

Force Windows Closed ~ 2.4 X Force Windows Open

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Page 40: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Conclusions - Recommendations

Simplified structure - isolation of single variables

Higher repetition of trials

Better Instrumentation

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Page 41: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Next Step... NSF Funding.......Dan Cox & RG (OSU) / John van

de Lindt (CSU) / Francisco (TAMU-K) ($375K)

NEESR II: Reducing damage risk to coastal structures by understanding tsunami behavior around structures

- Test 12’ wide transverse walls - Test 8’ X 8’ shear walls

Testing completed……Data Analysis in Progress

Page 42: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

FUTURE PLAN..........

Test full scale house(If we can find funding)

Page 43: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

43

QESTIONS([email protected])

NEAR ANKOR VAT TEMPLE IN COMBODIA

Page 44: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Materials and MethodsIncreased Area for Loading

44

Page 45: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Materials and MethodsClosed and Open Windows

0° Orientation – Flashed Baseplate – Non-Elevated Structure

Closed Windows

Open Windows

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Page 46: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Materials and MethodsStructural Irregularities

90° Orientation – Windows Closed – Flashed Baseplate – Non-Elevated Structure46

Page 47: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Materials and MethodsElevated Structure

90° Orientation – Windows Open – Non-Flashed Baseplate – Elevated Structure47

Page 48: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Materials and MethodsOpen Crawlspace

90° Orientation – Windows Open – Non-Flashed Baseplate – Non-Elevated Structure48

Page 49: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Materials and MethodsClosed Crawlspace

90° Orientation – Windows Closed – Flashed Baseplate – Non-Elevated Structure49

Page 50: Wave Loading on Wood Framed Structures - SWST · Surge Wave Loading on. Wood Structures. Jebediah Wilson, Former Graduate Student Rakesh Gupta, Professor Dept. of Wood Science and

Results & Discussion Behavior of 1/6th Scale Structure (O° versus 90°)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

0 20 40 60 80Wave Height (cm)

Rat

io

Force (N/m) - 0°/90°

L/b ratio

Lb

90°

Wave loading is not proportional to width of structure