Watershed Characteristics Approach for Ground Water Recharge Estimation John L. Nieber, Roman Kanivetsky, Bruce Wilson, Heidi Peterson, Francisco Lahoud, Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering David Mulla, Soil, Water and Climate Boris Shmagin, Water Resources Center, South Dakota State University
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Watershed Characteristics Approach for Ground Water Recharge Estimation John L. Nieber, Roman Kanivetsky, Bruce Wilson, Heidi Peterson, Francisco Lahoud,
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Watershed Characteristics Approach for Ground Water Recharge
Estimation
John L. Nieber, Roman Kanivetsky, Bruce Wilson, Heidi Peterson,
Francisco Lahoud, Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering
David Mulla, Soil, Water and Climate
Boris Shmagin, Water Resources Center, South Dakota State
University
Background
• Minnesota ground water is used for a variety of economic enterprises
• Ground water discharge also feeds many wetlands, streams and rivers in Minnesota
• How does the renewable capacity of ground water recharge vary across the state for both surficial and deep aquifers?
• How do current and projected demands for ground water consumption compare with these recharge rates?
Estimating Recharge from Discharge (2007)
• “I have no doubt that studying recharge will be high on the list of research topics for the future
• I am also confident that the recharge is better understood through the discharge where there is an integrated and observable hydrologic signal, and that discharge is of much more pragmatic concern than recharge”
Elements of watershed water balance: P- precipitation, E- evapotranspiration, Q- runoff, Qs- the surface water component of average annual runoff, ER- the average annual evapotranspiration
from recharge area, ED- the average annual evapotranspiration from discharge area, R- the average annual ground water recharge, D- the
average annual ground water discharge
Watershed water balance (after Freeze and Cherry, 1979)
MN February Low Flow Represents Ground Water Discharge
X’X’XX
Science Question and Approach
• How does landscape and geologic heterogeneity control spatial and temporal variability of stream discharge and ground water recharge across spatial scales?
• Stream discharge (recharge) for at least 25-50 years is evaluated at 129 gauging stations in and around Minnesota for February (low flow) conditions as well as annual conditions
• Vadose zone, quaternary geology and bedrock geology characteristics and statistical methods are used to regionalize discharge (recharge) data at three scales (1:3,000,000; 1:500,000 and 1:150,000)
A2/Q- Overlain bysediments in valley ofMississippi River (7)
2.90(0.78-4.72)
A3&4- Prairie du ChienJordan aquifer (sandstone,limestone) (16)
3.56(2.51-4.48)
A- One ground-waterflow field layer:Paleozoic artesianaquifers (exposed orshallow bedrock) (27)
3.11(2.06-4.23)
A5- St. Peter aquifer(sandstone) (4)
1.71(1.41-2.01)
A1/Q1- overlain by sandand gravel (10)
1.43(0.51-2.12)
A1/Q2- overlain by clayeytill (7)
0.70(0.51-0.96)
A1/Q- Quaternarysediments andMt. Simon-Hinckley-Fond du Lac aquifer(sandstone) (23)
1.01(0.51-1.10)
A1/Q3- overlain by sandytill (8)
0.75(0.54-0.96)
A2/Q1- overlain by sandand gravel (1)*
1.24(-)*
A2/Q- Quaternarysediments and Franconia-Ironton- Galesville aquiter(mixed shale, sandstone,some shaly carbonates)(3*)
0.58(-)*
A2/Q2- overlain by clayeytill (2)**/- not sufficient set for statistical analysis
0.26(-)*
A3&4/Q1- overlain bysand and gravel (4)
1.56(0.36-2.76)
A3&4/Q- Quaternarysediments and Prairie duChien Jordan aquifer(sandstone, limestone) (12)
0.98(0.34-1.18)
A3&4/Q2- overlain byclayey till (8)
0.70(0.29-1.07)
A5/Q1- overlain by sandand gravel (5)
1.74(1.44-2.16)
PAB-PaleozoicArtesian Basin(88)
1.67(0.52-2.37)
A/Q- Two ground-waterflow field layers:Quaternary sedimentsand Paleozoic artesianaquifers (58)
1.06(0.41-1.24)
A5/Q- Quaternarysediments and St. Peteraquifer (sandstone) (20)
1.23(0.54-1.81)
A5/Q2- overlain by clayeytill (15)
1.06(0.38-1.44)
Example of Average Ground Water Discharge
(Finer scale regionalization)
Finer scale
Next Steps
• Develop three scales of discharge (recharge) regionalization based on vadose zone and landscape characteristics– Hydrologic class– Soil permeability– Slope steepness– Land use– etc