Watershed and Baseline Survey Watershed and Baseline Survey
Sep 07, 2015
Watershed and Baseline Survey
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Watershed Development
Watershed development is budgeting for the water received from precipitation
Through soil & water conservation
Harvesting of excess run off
Proper utilisation of the moisture conserved for improving productivity of crops
Cropping pattern shifts
Integrated development of area for improving the livelihood of the watershed communities
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Watershed development
Addresses
Food security
Environment protection
Poverty mitigation
Rural migration
Energy requirements
Women empowerment
Health & hygiene
It is the survey with the set of questionnaire targeting the particular area of information to:
Understand the pre project village situation, Agriculture scenario, Land scenario, Livelihood conditions, & for benchmark.What is Baseline Survey?
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To capture both quantitative and qualitative information for:
Assessment of natural resources & production system,
Identifying socio economic constraints,
Find out potential options for livelihood, &
Management of:
Water,
Land,
Agriculture, &
Forest.
Why Baseline survey?
Why we should care
To identify whether there were any benefits for the investments made
Were objectives met?
What factors explain the result?
How can the program be improved?
Compare alternative models to get the biggest return for the money spend
To inform next generation projects
Evidence-based policy making demonstration effect for government
Phase 1: Design Phase
P1: Check-list
Clear objectives (what is the problem?)
Clear idea of how you will achieve the objectives
Clear and measurable indicators
Clear
Relevant (to objectives)
Monitorable
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Use example of hypothesis
Example of a causal chain
Impact
Outcomes
Outputs
Activities
Inputs
Facilitators, Revolving fund (credit)
Forming, federating and organizing SHGs
Number of SHGs, decreased input prices
Increased use of credit for income generation, Loan repayment rates
Higher income levels
Example: APDPIP
P1: Check-list (contd)
Test the questionnaire
Ask yourself, can you answer these questions?
Are they relevant to the outcomes?
Will they be understood?
Field test: To test both how the surveyor administers the instrument AND how the respondent understands the question.
P1: Why it is important to field test
When asking a question about the level of awareness, the surveyor used a word that could mean awareness or knowledge the respondent understood it to mean education. :
Phase 2: Implementation
What would you do if you
Were a city person who didnt speak the local language very well
Had to travel to several villages and spend hours asking people questions that have no relevance to you.
Were paid a small sum per questionnaire
Not monitored by supervisors
This is not your full time job
The answer is simple
Sit at home or at kitli and fill out the questionnaires!!
Phase 3: Data Entry and Analysis
P3: Check-list
Data Entry
Make the data entry system as fool proof as possible - has unique identifiers to link both household, village and GIS data
Ensure database allows for merging of data
Do not change/erase data on questionnaires
Raw data should always be input as is, changes can then be made in the database software (programatically) with documentation
P3: Check-list (contd)
Often data entry is contracted out.
Name variables corresponding to the question and section in the questionnaire include a dictionary
Code descriptive answers (to facilitate analysis)
All fields should be filled (NA or NR)
Units should be uniform by all districts
Totals calculated by formula not from summary column
Consistency checks check for missing entries, wrong entries, sample statistics, patterns (queries should be inbuilt)
Validity checks similar questions in different places on the questionnaire (RCH example)
P3: Check-list (contd)
Data analysis
Common mistakes in interpreting data
No analysis!
No correlations, crosstabs, statistical significance levels or regressions
Over generalizing the results
Mis-reporting statistics
Using % when the numbers are small
Types of Baseline Survey
Socio Economic Survey (Door to Door Survey)
Bio-Physical Survey
Field to Field Survey)
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Household Information
Population & Gender Information
To identify village Agriculture Situation
Migration Information
CPR & Wage Employment
To identify crops and fertilizer information
To identify different Water Sources
To identify present Livelihood situation
Bio-physical Survey
Natural Resources
Household Census
Geo-referenced data collection of particular natural resources.Geo-referenced soil sample collection from representative area.Survey number wise collection of land details about land acreage, ownership, crop cultivated(season), irrigation source and season details.Bio-physical survey
Baseline survey
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Role of WDT in Baseline Survey
Preliminary village meeting
Mention the objective of the survey clearly
Ensure correct information is to be given
To collect qualitative data
Summarize data of Baseline survey
Prepare action plan for WDP accordingly
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Information collected
1. Socio-economic status of the farmers and landless people (household and demographic characteristics, land ownership, land use, livestock and other assets), crop production, cropping patterns, yields, markets and livelihood opportunities;
2. Soil characteristics, climate, cropping systems, their productivity and
inputs (GIS maps were prepared for soil types, soil depth and crops grown in the village);
3. Soil, water, nutrient and pest management practices followed by the villagers;
4. Production constraints, yield gaps and opportunities for crop intensification.
How to manage the common errors
CAPACITY BUILDING
Phase 1: Design
Clear objectives and hypotheses know what you want to test
Identify a person in your unit who will manage this process
Phase 2: Implementation
Organize an impact evaluation workshop if necessary
Pay reasonable wages to surveyors (if possible)
Show the client and firm that you care
Lets recap what you have learned
The devil lies in the detail
Be watchful
No pain, No gain
Thanks
*
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