Water Use and Economic Impacts of Furrow Irrigation Initiation Delays in Mid-South Soybean Production Systems C.R. Stark, Jr. ([email protected]) Presented at the Soil & Water Conservation Society 70 th International Annual Conference Greensboro, North Carolina, July 26- 29, 2015 P.B. Francis ( [email protected])
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Water Use and Economic Impacts of Furrow Irrigation
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Water Use and Economic Impacts of Furrow Irrigation Initiation Delays in
Study Questions1. Are there agronomic and economic effects of delaying
initiation of soybean irrigation?2. What magnitude of water
savings could come from delaying initiation of soybean irrigation?
Background Literature Review– Economic impacts of furrow irrigation termination for
determinate soybean (Heatherly & Spurlock, 1993)
– If irrigation water is limiting, withholding at R2 may be acceptable (Froud, Saindon & Mundel, 1993)
– Irrigation at growth stages can influence yield, but improvements may not justify the practice (Sweeney, Long & Kirkham, 2003)
– Irrigation management significantly affects yield. Supplemental irrigation may be an alternative for full season irrigation (Bellaloui & Mengistu, 2007)
– Irrigation at different times increased yield over no irrigation (Amin, Jahan & Hasanuzzaman 2009)
– Economics of water limiting irrigation scheduling needed due to yield reduction (Candogan, et al. 2013)
Research Design• Soybean Irrigation Initiation Study – Sharkey Silty Clay soil, Southeast Research Station, Rohwer,
Arkansas, 2008-2010, following soybean, – Randomized Complete Block design with 4 replications.
Research Design• Soybean Irrigation Initiation Study – Watered from well with 80’ water table, pumped from
approx. 100’, by 3-stage electric pump (100 acre capacity).– Irrigation timing was based on the AR Irrigation Scheduler
computer program developed by UA-CES.
Research Design• Soybean Irrigation Initiation Study – Fertilization was applied according to annual soil tests.– Management practices followed UA-CES recommendations
for weed, insect, and disease control.
Soybean Varieties Utilized
• 2008 - PIONEER 94M71 – MG 4
• 2009 – HB 5525 – MG 5
• 2010 – HB 5525 – MG 5
Irrigation Initiation Treatments– 0 Days – Began irrigation at normal time
indicated by Irrigation Scheduler program.– 5 Days – Began irrigation after five days under
the soil moisture deficit level.– 10 Days - Began irrigation after ten days under
the soil moisture deficit level.– 15 Days - Began irrigation after fifteen days
under the soil moisture deficit level. Note: Rain events within each delay period were incorporated into
the program until full delay period was reached.
• Partial Budget approach used 2015 UA Division of Agriculture interactive enterprise budgets.
• Market Prices were annual AR statewide average cash market soybean prices for 2008-10.
Economic Research Methods
• Inputs by year were actual products & quantities.• Input prices taken from UA Division of Agriculture &
Mississippi State Budget Generator 2015 lists.• Profit Estimates were made for each replication.• Statistical analyses by SAS GLM procedure.
Economic Research Methods
Actual Irrigation Event NumbersYEAR DELAY TREATMENTS (Days)
0 5 10 152008 4 3 2 1
2009 6 5 4 2
2010 5 4 3 2
Average Actual Water UsagesYEAR DELAY TREATMENTS (Days)
0 5 10 152008 4 3 2 1
2009 6 5 4 2
2010 5 4 3 2
Avrg. # 5.00 4.00 3.00 1.67
Volume(acre-inches) 10.00 8.00 6.00 3.34
Average Actual Water UsagesYEAR DELAY TREATMENTS (Days)