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Water Underground. How Water Moves Underground Water underground trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock.

Jan 01, 2016

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Damian Allison
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Page 1: Water Underground. How Water Moves Underground Water underground trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock.

Water Underground

Page 2: Water Underground. How Water Moves Underground Water underground trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock.

How Water Moves Underground• Water underground trickles down between

particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock

Page 3: Water Underground. How Water Moves Underground Water underground trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock.

Effects of Different Materials

• Permeable materials have large and connected pores; materials such as sand and gravel allow water to pass through or permeate.

• Impermeable materials have few or no pores or cracks; therefore the water cannot pass through easily

• Examples: clay and granite

Page 4: Water Underground. How Water Moves Underground Water underground trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock.
Page 5: Water Underground. How Water Moves Underground Water underground trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock.

Water Zones

• **The area of permeable rock or soil that is totally filled or saturated, with water is called the saturated zone**

• **The top of the saturated zone is called the water table**

• The area above the water table is called the unsaturated zone

Page 6: Water Underground. How Water Moves Underground Water underground trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock.
Page 7: Water Underground. How Water Moves Underground Water underground trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock.

Bringing up Groundwater• In some areas, the water table meets the

surface

• Aquifers:– Any underground layer of rock or sediment that

holds water is known as an aquifer**– Size: small underground patch to the size of

several states

Page 8: Water Underground. How Water Moves Underground Water underground trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock.

Aquifers continued• Functions: drinking water, water for

crops, and water for livestock

• Rate of Movement: depends on the slope of the aquifer and permeability of rocks

Page 9: Water Underground. How Water Moves Underground Water underground trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock.

Wells

• **People can obtain groundwater from an aquifer by drilling a well below the water table**

• If the level of the aquifer drops, a well can run dry

• The water table can rise after heavy rain or snow melts

Page 10: Water Underground. How Water Moves Underground Water underground trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock.
Page 11: Water Underground. How Water Moves Underground Water underground trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock.

Using Pumps• Mechanical pumps bring up groundwater

• If water is pumped out too fast, a well will run dry

• New water that enters the aquifer from the surface is called recharge

Page 12: Water Underground. How Water Moves Underground Water underground trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock.

Relying on Pressure• **In an artesian well, water rises because

of pressure in an aquifer**

• If groundwater becomes trapped between two layers of impermeable rock or sediment, the pressure sends water spurting up through the punctured hole

• No pump is necessary

Page 13: Water Underground. How Water Moves Underground Water underground trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock.
Page 14: Water Underground. How Water Moves Underground Water underground trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock.

Springs and Geysers• Sometimes, groundwater comes to the

surface through natural processes

• When groundwater bubbles or flows out of cracks in the rock it is called a spring

• A fountain of boiling water is known as a geyser

Page 15: Water Underground. How Water Moves Underground Water underground trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock.

Springs and Geysers

• The word geyser means gusher

• A geyser forms when very hot water that has been circulating deep underground begins to rise through narrow passages in the rock

• Provide one example of a geyser: Old Faithful

Page 16: Water Underground. How Water Moves Underground Water underground trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock.

Interesting Sites• http://unmuseum.mus.pa.us/flash/geyflash.htm

• http://www.nps.gov/archive/yell/oldfaithfulcam.htm

• http://www.floridasprings.org • www.unitedstreaming.com (Gushing Geysers; Natural Phenomena)

Page 17: Water Underground. How Water Moves Underground Water underground trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock.

• Which wells end in a saturated zone?• Which well(s) will not provide water? • How does water enter Aquifer A?

Page 18: Water Underground. How Water Moves Underground Water underground trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock.
Page 19: Water Underground. How Water Moves Underground Water underground trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock.
Page 20: Water Underground. How Water Moves Underground Water underground trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock.
Page 21: Water Underground. How Water Moves Underground Water underground trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock.