c/ 2 5 0 80 WA WATER MANAGEMENT PROJECT WATER TREATMENT PLANT OPERATION (RAPID SAND FILTER) ATRAININGXJOB MANUAL ; •;:'*. BY VERE WILLIAMS ./»B0KA':'wH¥ ASSISTAM". A JOINT-VENTURE PROJECT OF THE GOVERNMENTS OF: AWGUI'-LA, ANTIGUA, BRITISH V!3GI>\ ISLANDS, BARBADOS, DOMiNICA, GRSNADA, MOWTSE3RAT, ST. X!TTS/NEV!S, ST. LUCiA, ST. ViNCcNT, CANADA, UNITS:) KINGDOM, HOI-LAND A?::-) TKE PAW AMERICAN HEALTH ORGAMIZATiCK LV:AY I:980 -250-dOijdfi-jyy
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c/ 2 5 0
80 WA
WATER MANAGEMENT PROJECT
WATER TREATMENT PLANT OPERATION
(RAPID SAND FILTER)
ATRAININGXJOB MANUAL
; •;:'*.
BY
VERE WILLIAMS
./»B0KA':'wH¥ ASSISTAM".
A JOINT-VENTURE PROJECT OF THE GOVERNMENTS OF:
AWGUI'-LA, ANTIGUA, BRITISH V!3GI>\ ISLANDS, BARBADOS,
DOMiNICA, GRSNADA, MOWTSE3RAT, ST. X!TTS/NEV!S,
ST. LUCiA, ST. ViNCcNT, CANADA, UNITS:) KINGDOM, HOI-LAND
A?::-)
TKE PAW AMERICAN HEALTH ORGAMIZATiCK
LV:AY I:980
-250-dOijdfi-jyy
CARIBBEAN BASIN WATER MANAGEMENT PROJECT
WATER TREATMENT PLANT OPERATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE 1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3
INTRODUCTION ' 4
LESSONS
1 Supplying Raw Water to the Plant 8
2 Treating Raw Water with Alum . . . 16
3 Treating Raw Water with Lime 26
4 Treating Water with Chlorine 31
5 Sedimentation of Chemically Treated Water. 42
6 Filtering the Water 46
7 Distributing Treated Water 55
8 Transferring the Plant from Standby Power to the Main Power Supply 62
9 Supplying Air and Water to the Plant 67
ANNEX 1: LAYOUT OF DELAPS WATER TREATMENT PLANT . 72
PREFACE
PURPOSE OF TRAINING/JOB MANUAL
MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT ON-THE-JOB PERFORMANCE
SHOULD BE THE AIM OF NOT ONLY EVERY SUPERVISOR AND FOREMAN BUT
ALSO OF EVERY WORKER. FREQUENTLY SOME IMPROVEMENT IN PERFORMANCE
IS NOTED AFTER TRAINING. OVER TIME, HOWEVER, PERFORMANCE OFTEN
DECREASES TO, OR BELOW, THE ORIGINAL LEVEL. ONE WAY TO SET
STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE AND TO SUGGEST METHODS OF ATTAINING THE
DESIRED PERFORMANCE SO THAT IT IS CLEAR TO THE WORKER,
SUPERVISOR, OR FOREMAN* AS WELL AS THE TRAINER, IS TO PROVIDE A
TRAINING/JOB (T/J) MANUAL WHICH CLEARLY STATES THE DESIRED
PERFORMANCE AND SUGGESTS PROCEDURES FOR THE WORKER TO ATTAIN THIS
LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE. THE FOLLOWING T/J MANUAL DOES JUST THIS.
HOW TO USE THE TRAINING/JOB MANUAL
THE MATERIALS THAT FOLLOW CAN BE USED IN A NUMBER OF DELIVERY
SYSTEMS, DEPENDING ON THE NATURE OF PERFORMANCE THAT NEEDS TO BE
IMPROVED. IF THE TRAINEES ARE NEW TO THE SUBJECT MATTER, THE T/J
MANUAL CAN BE USED IN A FORMAL TRAINING SYSTEM. THERE ARE SUFFI
CIENT DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF SUPPLIES AND MATERIALS AS WELL AS
TRAINING ACTIVITIES TO GUIDE THE TRAINER.
A SUPERVISOR; FOREMAN,OR TRAINER REQUIRED TO DIAGNOSE
PERFORMANCE DEFICIENCIES CAN USE THE OPERATION BREAKDOWN SHEET
iS A REFERENCE TO IDENTIFY THE AREA OF PERFORMANCE DEFICIENCY.
*E CAN THEN CONCENTRATE TRAINING ON THIS PARTICULAR AREA BY
fSING THE APPROPRIATE SECTIONS OF THE T/J MANUAL AS A GUIDE.
1
PREFACE [cont'd)
WORKERS WHO ARE EAGER TO MOVE AHEAD IN ACQUIRING NEW KNOW
LEDGE AND SKILLS COULD USE THE T/J MANUAL, ALONG WITH ASSISTANCE
FROM FELLOW WORKERS WHO ARE KNOWLEDGEABLE IN THE SUBJECT AREA,
TO STUDY THE MATERIAL ON THEIR OWN.
THE T/J MANUAL IS DESIGNED TO EE USED ON THE JOB AS A READY
REFERENCE AS NEEDED. IN MANY CASES, THE JOB-AIDS CAN BE LIFTED
FROM THE MANUAL AND POSTED DIRECTLY AT THE SITE WHERE THE
PERFORMANCE IS TO TAKE PLACE AS A CONSTANT REMINDER TO THE WORKER
OF THE PROPER PROCEDURE FOR A TASK.
WHERE TO GET MORE INFORMATION
THIS T/J MANUAL IS ONE OF MANY BEING DEVELOPED BY THE
CARIBBEAN BASIN WATER MANAGEMENT PROJECT TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE
OF PERSONNEL IN THE WATER UTILITIES OF THE EASTERN CARIBBEAN.
MANUALS WILL BE DEVELOPED IN MANY ASPECTS OF WATER UTILITY
OPERATION, MAINTENANCE, AND ADMINISTRATION. FOR MORE DETAILS ON
MANUAL AVAILABILITY AND OTHER ASPECTS OF THIS PROJECT CONTACT:
ENGINEER NEIL F. CAREFOOT, MANAGER
CARIBBEAN BASIN WATER MANAGEMENT PROJECT
PAHO/WHO
BRIDGETOWN, BARBADOS
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
It would be extAemely diaicu.Lt &OA me to me.nti.on
all the people who In tome, way helped to make thi&
manual a Aeality. A laAge debt ii owed to Win6ton
Ramtay, JnitAumentation and LaboAatoAy Technician,
who&e advi.ee and consultation weAe Invaluable. I mu&t
al&o make mention o& the people and oAgani&ation& which
weAe in&tAumental in the project. I wi.&h to thank
TAHO/WHO, the woAkeAi at Velapb WateA Treatment Plant,
graphic a>itibt \hihh V.06emafiy Veane, training cooAdinatoAh
and Ae6ouA.ce peA&onnel, along with all the otheAt* who
in 6ome way helped.
Veie Willi.ami
LaboAatoAy Assistant ANTIGUA PUBLIC UTILITIES AUTHORITY
with water. The result is a 5% solution. The result is a
"slurry"—a lime-water mixture. This must be stirred continuous
ly. The stirrer must not be allowed to stop until the charge
has been used up, otherwise the lime will settle to the bottom
of the tank ana solidify.
Adjust the stroke of the pump to obtain the required dose.
-30-
L4
TRAINING/JOB MANUAL Water Treatment Plant Operation
LESSON 4 O TREATING WATER WITH CWL0RIWE
ESTIMATED TIME
PREREQUISITE
1 h o u r
Les son 3
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE:
$ The t r a i n e e w i l l be a b l e t o ;
man<Lpulatz tho. zqaipmznt to tAzat watzh. WA.th chloni.no..
Q Under the following condit ion:
&fiom fx.zo.all, gZvzn all nzcz&&any zqaipmznt and &uppliz& .
® To t h i s standard:
all pioczdun.z6 aoh.KiiQ.tlii pzfL&onmzd.
TRAINING RESOURCES
Equipment and supplies;
Information Sheets:
Chlorinator and connected delivery
hose, chlorinator controls,
appropriate valves, operating
booster pump, spanner, chlorine
cylinder containing chlorine,
ammonia, extract fan.
L4 : IS : 01 throuah L4 : IS : 07.
0TE\ The water is treated twice with chlorine between the time it enters the plant and the time it is released for distribution. In both cases the chlorination procedure is the same, and so the exercise is described only once in this manual. See L^:IS:01 for further explanation.
NOTES: 1. As noted, chloAination acuity ?xe-chlotiination JLs dona to done to the wateA that has ^ilteAing. The sequence o(> post-chlohAjnation aAe identical
5.1 Make sure the extAact &an Is working.
5.2 Open valve on cylindeA connected to coppeA wiAe.
5.3 Check fa A leak by holding a bottle containing ammonia close to the valve. 1$ white. smoke develops, there Is a leak. Close and fiepcuJi the valve.
5.4 Open valve leading into evapoAator.
5.5 Repeat 5.3 [all valve* must be closed in AeveAse onden] .•
5.6 TuAn on manifold control. Open valve on outlet o£ manifold.
5.7 Repeat 5 .5 .
5.8 Open valve to chloAinator.
5.9 Repeat 5.5.
5. JO Open valve to & elected chloAinatoA
5.11 Repeat 5.5
6.1 TuAn knob on chloiinatoA control clockwise.
6.2 Read setting valve on meter scale.
6.3 Stop turning knob when required value determined by the chemist Is obtained.
twice when preparing water, far use. taw wateA, an'd post-chlorination 16
already undergone sedimentation and perations far pre- chlorination and '" except far tiie following points:
[cont'd next page]
-34-
OPERATION BREAKDOWN SHEET [continued]
L4;IS;01 [cont'd]
STEPS KEY POINTS
•
2. Ton poit-chloilnatlon, Key ?ointt> 1.1 and 3.2 should fiead:
1.1 Ho to. which chloAlnatoi <A attached to the ho&e leading to the filbteAed wateti.
3.2 Open valve to ^UXexei voaten.
3. The balancing valve lt> opened when only one chloninatoi l& being used to chlofLinate both nw) waten. and filLtened waten.
•
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Place, tool heftz to opo.ia.tz. the.
valve.
Connection ^on cklofiJ-ne conduct
•Connection ^on the chlofu.ne cy ULnden. I dfium, tvapofiatoti, and chlon-Lnatoti
Tool &oh. ope.fiati.ng valve* on chlonlne cy l<Lnde?i / dfiui\ e.vapofiaton., and chlofiina-toK
TYPICAL VALVE ON CHLORINE CYLINDER/DRUM, EVAPORATOR, AND
TRAINING/JOB MANUAL Water T r e a t m e n t P l a n t O p e r a t i o n
LESSON 8 O TRANSFERRING THE PLANT FROM STANPBV POWER TO THE MAIN POWER SUPPLY
ESTIMATED TIME
PREREQUISITE
20 m i n u t e s
B a s i c knowledge of e l e c t r i c a l p r i n c i p l e s
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE:
0 The t r a i n e e w i l l be a b l e t o :
ttian&fazfi the plant fifiom standby powe.fi to the. ma./cn powo.fi supply.
# Under the following condit ion:
^fiom fiQ.aa.ll, gZvzn a plant on standby powe.fi.
$ To t h i s standard:
all pfioce.du.fizi> cofifizctly pzfifiofimzd.
TRAINING RESOURCES
Equipment and Supplies:
Information Sheets:
Main control panel, standby /main
change-over control panel.
L8:IS:01 through L8:IS:03.
.NOT This procedure is done only in case of a power failure. When there is such a failure, switch from the failed power supply to the plant generator. To do this, follow the same steps outlined here, substituting standby (alternator) switches for the main switches.
NOTE: The plant is built fan 24-houA fariom the. island's main poweA s genexatoK to supply poweA to t Thz operation descAibzd in thi\ poweA kailune., when the. main p use—and the. standby unit is 'n
-a-day opeAation and uses poweA phAMOKili ipply. TheAe. is also a standby ie. plant in the. e.ve.nt o& a poweA lailnAe ) lesson is peA&oAme.d at tlie end o£ a )weA supply ijs Ae.paiAe.d and Steady fan
longeA needed.
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-66-
I
L9 TRAINING/JOB MANUAL Water Treatment Plant Operation
LESSON 9 O SUPPLV1HG AIR AWP WATER TO THE PLANT
ESTIMATED TIME
PREREQUISITES
1 hour
Knowledge of pumps and electrical principles
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE:
•
•
•
The t r a i n e e w i l l be a b l e t o : , •' -
tKJiaazfi thz appfiopfiiatz contfioli, to Aupply ain. and watzn. to thz plant.
Under t h e f o l l o w i n g c o n d i t i o n :
&Aom fizcall, gtvzn no.cz.6ia.fLy zquuLpmznt and contfioli.
To t h i s s t a n d a r d :
all pnoczdufizi cofinzctly pzi^ofimzd.
TRAINING RESOURCES
Equipment and Supplies: Compressor, electrical controls,