Water Reuse Market in US · Global Market Size and Characteristics. 720.4 Billion USD. Source. Global Water Market 2017 (GWI) ※Waste Water treatment includes “reuse” Source.
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Capital Cost for Planned Reuse Projects by US application
SourceNational Academy of Sciences (Bluefield Research)
SourceExpert Panel Final Report(California State Water Resources Control Board)
Municipal Water Reuse vs Brackish/Seawater Desalination
Water reuse solutions are not just more cost-effective and energy-efficient alternatives to desalination, but are much more practical and justifiable once drought conditions recede.
SourceFramework for Direct Potable Reuse (WateReuse)
Comparative Energy Requirements
Potable Reuse Treatment Trains
Water Reuse Market in U.S.
Information Source: Bluefield Research (2017)Focus Report, U.S. Municipal Water Reuse: Opportunities, Outlook, & Competitive Landscape 2017-2027
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Population Growth Drives Increasing Demand for Reuse
• The U.S population is expected to grow 18% between 2015 and 2040.
Forecasted Population GrowthBy State governments & Bluefield Research
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Drought Drives Need for New Water Supplies
• Climate change is expected to increase the likelihood of drought events.
• Decreased precipitation, increased evapotranspiration and increased demand related to population and economic growth.Water Reuse is one in a portfolio of solutions to water shortages.
Water Supply Sustainability Index (2050)
Natural resources Defense Council & Bluefield Research
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Summary of Water Reuse Trends
Municipal wastewater reuse in U.S.The current reuse capacity of 18.2 million m3/d, 35% of the global total.Expected to increase by 37% with 6.7 million m3/d through 2027.Potable reuse capacity increases 2.2 million m3/d from 2017 to 2027.California & Florida & Texas represent 80%, 5.4 million m3/d, of total forecasted capacity additions through 2027.
Potable vs. Non-Potablethrough 2027
Capacity Additions 16
Water Reuse in California
The State Water Board adopted the amendment to the recycled water policy (SWRCB, 2013).
Increase the use of recycled water over 2002 ・by at least 3.3 million m3/d 2020 ・by at least 6.6 million m3/d by 2030.Los Angeles’ Green New Deal (April 29th, 2019) sets aggressive goals :
recycling 100% of our wastewater by 2035.Sources:Recycled Water Policy (SWRCB, 2013)https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/board_decisions/adopted_orders/resolutions/2013/rs2013_0003_a.pdf
Mayor Garcetti launches L.A.’s Green New Deal (2019)https://www.lamayor.org/mayor-garcetti-launches-la%E2%80%99s-green-new-deal
Regulations for Indirect Potable Reuse (IPR) & Direct Potable Reuse (DPR) IPR by Groundwater Augmentation Regulation (2014) IPR by Surface Water Augmentation (2016) DPR by Raw Water Augmentation Regulation (until end of 2023)
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Brief Note of Orange County Water District (OCWD)
Seawater intrusion threat since the early 1900sIn 1965, OCWD injected imported water into the groundwater basin
Water Reuse start In 1975, Water Factory 21 used reverse osmosis to purify wastewater.
In 2008, the world’s largest advanced water purification plant to supplement drinking water supplies began operation.
Potable Reuse Heightens Demands for Advanced Treatment Technologies
Orange County Groundwater Recharge ProjectThe 379,000 m3/d built in 2008
the largest potable reuse project in the U.S. Key example for the development of addition IPR projects across U.S.
Expands capacity of 492,000 m3/d until 2023.
Potable reuse treatment trains
& Operation costs
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For IPR using groundwater replenishment and surface water augmentation, the State Water Board developed minimum LRV requirements for target pathogen groups (i.e. enteric viruses and parasites).The LRV requirement were determined using following assumptions:
The tolerable annual risk of infection is 10-4 per person per yearThe necessary treatment for the worst-case exposure scenario for microbial infection
California Log10 Reduction ValuesWater Recycling Criteria, Title 22, Division 4, Chapter 3, California Code of regulations
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Required Log10 Reduction Values as Determined by the State of California (CCR, 2015)
Parameter Viruses Giardia Cryptosporidium
Maximum concentration in finished water (infectious units/L)
2.2 × 10−7 6.8 × 10−6 3 × 10−5
Maximum concentration in raw wastewater (infectious units/L)
Digital transformation technologies strengthen engineered buffer in the IPR/DPR. The worst-case exposure scenario is too much conservative. RO and some other treatments also remove viruses but are not counted in LRVs.
Market Trend The global water market is estimated to be worth around 720.4
Billion USD in 2016. Wastewater reuse is one of the biggest market trends, as utilities
no longer view municipal effluent as waste but as a resource.
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