WATER-QUALITY VARIATIONS AND TRENDS IN ...WATER-QUALITY VARIATIONS AND TRENDS IN MONUMENT AND FOUNTAIN CREEKS, EL PASO AND PUEBLO COUNTIES, COLORADO, WATER YEARS 1976-88 by Barbara

WATER-QUALITY VARIATIONS AND TRENDS IN MONUMENT

AND FOUNTAIN CREEKS, EL PASO AND PUEBLO COUNTIES,

COLORADO, WATER YEARS 1976-88

by Barbara C. Ruddy

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4176

Prepared in cooperation with the

COLORADO SPRINGS DEPARTMENT OF UTILmES

Denver, Colorado 1993

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TI|«E INTERIOR

BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary


Dallas L. Peck, Director

For additional information write to:

District ChiefU.S. Geological SurveyBox 25046, Mail Stop 415Federal CenterDenver, CO 80225-0046

Copies of this report can be purchased from:

U.S. Geological SurveyBooks and Open-File Reports SectionFederal CenterBox 25425Denver, CO 80225-0425

CONTENTS

PageAbstract 1Introduction ----- - - -- -- - 2

Purpose and scope 2Approach - - - 4

Description of study area-- - - - 5Summary statistics- 6Water-quality variations and trend analysis - - 7

Water-quality variations- 8Water-quality trends-- - - - - 11Time-series trends 13

Summary- - - - - 16References cited- - - - - 19Hydrologic data - 21

FIGURES

Page Figure 1. Map showing location of study area and water-quality

stations-- - -- - -- 32. Example diagram of a box plot- 9

3-8. Box plots showing variations in:3. Instantaneous streamflow 314. Specific conductance - 315. pH 326. Water temperature 327. Concentrations of dissolved oxygen 338. Hardness as calcium carbonate 33

9-28. Box plots showing variations in concentrations of:9. Dissolved calcium- 34

10. Dissolved magnesium - - 3411. Dissolved chloride 3512. Dissolved sulfate 3513. Suspended solids - 3614. Nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen 3615. Total ammonia as nitrogen - -- - - 3716. Un-ionized ammonia as nitrogen 3717. Total ammonia plus organic nitrogen- - - - 3818. Total organic nitrogen as nitrogen 3819. Total phosphorus 3920. Total recoverable copper - -- 3921. Dissolved iron - -- -- 4022. Total recoverable iron - 4023. Total recoverable lead 4124. Dissolved manganese - -- 4125. Total recoverable manganese 4226. Total recoverable nickel - - 4227. Total selenium 4328. Total recoverable zinc 43

29. Box plot showing variations in 5-day biochemical oxygendemand - - - - - - - 44

111

Figures 30-32. Box plots showing variations

34. Instantaneous str

39

40

41

42

43

44.

45

in counts of:30. Total coliform bacteria-31. Fecal coliform bacteria-32. Fecal streptococcus bacteria-

33-55. Graphs showing trend of:33. Fecal streptococcus bacteria at water-quality

station 07103747 Monument Creek at Palmer Lake eamflow at water-quality station

07103780 Monument Creek above North Gate Boulevard at U.S. Air Force Academy

35. Specific conductance at water-quality station 07103780 Monument Creek above North Gate Boulevard at U.S. Air Force Academy

36. pH at water-quality station 07103780 Monument Creek above North Gate Boulevard at U.S. Air Force Academy-

37. Dissolved chloride at waiter-quality station 07103780 Monument Creek above North GateBoulevard at U.

38. Suspended solids Monument Creek U.S. Air Force

S. Air Force Academyat water-quality station 07103780 above North Gate Boulevard at

Colorado Springs46. Nitrite plus nitrate as

Academy -- - Un-ionized ammonia as nitrogen at water-quality

station 07103780 Monument Creek above North GateBoulevard at U.S. Air Force Academy -

Instantaneous streamflow at water-quality station07104000 Monument Creek at Pikeview

Nitrite plus nitrate as ,nitrogen at water-qualitystation 07104000 Monument Creek at Pikeview -

Un-ionized ammonia as nitrogen at water-qualitystation 07104000 Monument Creek at Pikeview

pH at water-quality station 07104905 Monument Creekat Bijou Street at Colorado Springs

Dissolved chlorice at water-quality station07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou Street atColorado Sprinj s- -

Dissolved sulfate at water-quality station07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou Street at

nitrogen at water-qualitystation 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou Street at Colorado Springs-'

47. Total ammonia plus organic nitrogen at water- quality station 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou Street at Colorado Springs -

48. Total recoverable copper at water-quality station 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou Street at Colorado Springs - - - -

Page

444545

55

55

56

56

57

57

58

58

59

59

60

60

61

61

62

62

LV

Page Figures 33-55. Graphs showing trend of: Continued:

49. Total recoverable manganese at water-quality station 07105500 Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs- - --- - - -- 63

50. Total recoverable zinc at water-quality station07105500 Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs 63

51. Fecal coliform bacteria at water-quality station 07105905 Fountain Creek above Little Fountain Creek below Fountain --- --- - -- 64

52. pH at water-quality station 07106500 FountainCreek at Pueblo 64

53. Dissolved oxygen at water-quality station07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo 65

54. Nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen at water- quality station 07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo 65

55. 5-day biochemical oxygen demand at water-qualitystation 07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo 66

TABLES

Page Table 1. Water-quality stations on Monument and Fountain Creeks

used in this study - -- --- -- -- - 52. Tukey's grouping and median values for streamflow and

selected water-quality properties and constituents atselected water-quality stations, water years 1980through 1988 12

3. Summary of significant trends for selected water-qualityproperties and constituents-- - _______ _ 17

4-12. Summary statistics for streamflow and selected water- quality properties and constituents at water-quality station:

4. 07103747 Monument Creek at Palmer Lake 225. 07103780 Monument Creek above North Gate

Boulevard at U.S. Air Force Academy --- - -- 236. 07104000 Monument Creek at Pikeview 247. 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou Street at

Colorado Springs - - --- - ----- - 258. 07103700 Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs 269. 07105500 Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs 27

10. 07105530 Fountain Creek below Janitell Road belowColorado Springs - - - - -- 28

11. 07105905 Fountain Creek above Little FountainCreek below Fountain - - --- - -- 29

12. 07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo 30

Tables 13-21. Trend-analysis results c

1314.

15.16.

17.1819

20

21

properties and constit.uents J'or water-quality station:07103747 Monument Clreek at Palmer Lake 07103780 Monument Creek above North Gate

Boulevard at U.S.

f selected water-quality

Air Force Academy-

Multiplycubic foot per second (ft 3 /s)foot (ft)square mile (mi 2 )

07104000 Monument Clreek at Pikeview- 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou Street at

Colorado Springs- 07103700 Fountain Creek n<;ar Colorado Springs- 07105500 Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs- 07105530 Fountain Creek below Janitell Road below

Colorado Springs- 07105905 Fountain Creek above Little Fountain

Creek below Fountain - --- -- - 07106500 Fountain (freek at Pueblo

CONVERSION FACTORS AMD RELATED INFORMATION

By

Page

46

4748

495051

52

5354

0. 0. 2.

0283173048589

To obtaincubic meter per secondmetersquare kilometer

Degree Celsius (°C) may be converted to degree Fahrenheit (°F), by using the following formula:

°F = 9/5

The following water-quality termsreport:

colonies per 100 milliliters (/100 mL)5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)degree Celsius (°C)microgram per liter (|Jg/L)microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (|jS/cm)milligram per liter (mg/L)milliliter (mL)

$2.and abbreviations also are used in this

VI

WATER-QUALITY VARIATIONS AND TRENDS IN MONUMENT AND FOUNTAIN CREEKS, EL PASO AND PUEBLO COUNTIES, COLORADO, WATER YEARS 1976-88

By Barbara C. Ruddy

ABSTRACT

Water-quality data were collected at four stations on Monument Creek and five stations on Fountain Creek during water years 1976 through 1988. These data were statistically analyzed to determine variations and trends in water- quality properties and constituents. A qualitative comparison using boxplots of water quality among all stations was done for the period of record. A spatial trend analysis was done to compare the water-quality changes among seven of the nine stations for water years 1980 through 1988. Analysis of time-series trends at each station was done to determine if changes in water- quality conditions occurred during the period of record.

Median values of the water-quality properties and constituents were compared to the appropriate State water-quality standards. Median values of the water-quality properties and constituents were within the State standards except for the following trace-metal concentrations: dissolved manganese at Monument Creek above North Gate Boulevard at U.S. Air Force Academy and Fountain Creek above Little Fountain Creek below Fountain; total recoverable copper at Monument Creek at Pikeview and Monument Creek at Bijou Street at Colorado Springs; and total selenium at Fountain Creek at Pueblo. Occasional violations of the State water-quality standards occurred at all stations.

Generally, median concentrations of most water-quality properties and constituents were larger downstream. Nutrient concentrations, except for nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, were largest at Fountain Creek below Janitell Road below Colorado Springs, which is downstream from the wastewater- treatment plant at Colorado Springs; the concentrations then were smaller downstream.

Statistical comparisons of median values of selected water-quality properties and constituents for determining trends among seven of the nine stations were made for water years 1980 through 1988. For Monument Creek, the comparisons indicated that median concentrations of most constituents at Monument Creek at Palmer Lake were significantly different from median con centrations of most constituents at Monument Creek at Pikeview and Monument Creek at Bijou Street at Colorado Springs, which are more similar to each other. Median concentrations of most constituents at Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs, upstream from the mouth of Monument Creek, were signifi cantly different from the median concentrations of most constituents at downstream stations on Fountain Creek, with a few exceptions. Median concentrations of most constituents at Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs, downstream from the mouth of Monument Creek, were more similar to median concentrations at Monument Creek at Bijou Street at Colorado Springs than to median concentrations at Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs.

Water quality at Fountain Creek atj Colorado Springs and at Fountain Creek below Janitell Road below Colorado Springs, upstream and downstream from the Colorado Springs Wastewater-Treatment Plant, were compared, property and constituents were not statistically different:ture, nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen,following properties and constituents had statistically significant increasesdownstream: instantaneous streamflow,nitrogen, un-ionized ammonia as nitrogen, total recoverable copper, totalrecoverable zinc, and 5-day biochemical ties and constituents had statistically dissolved oxygen, suspended solids, and

and fecal coliform bacteria. The

oxygen

The following water tempera-

specific conductance, total ammonia as

demand. The following proper-significant decreases downstream: pH, total recoverable iron.

Time-series trends in water quality were investigated at all stations for the period of record; the significant trends varied at each station. All stations on Monument and Fountain Creeks had significant temporal trends of at least one water-quality property or constituent.

INTRODUCTION

1980 s.the!

develop!

Rapid population growth occurred area from the mid-1970's to the mid- accelerated growth did not continue during anticipated. Water resources in this maintaining water quality is a concern, in the Colorado Springs area is likely of Monument and Fountain Creeks, the princi (fig. 1) and which have relatively low changes could cause water quality to uses, such as recreation, aquatic life,

ing

in Colorado Springs and the surrounding Although the projected

late 1980's, future growth isarea are not abundant, and

Development of land and ground waterchanges in the water quality

streams that drain the area during most of the year. Such limiting factor for some stream supply, and agriculture.

become

and to

In 1975, the U.S. Geological Survey Peak Area Council of Governments, began to compile a data base, for use by areawide water-quality-management plan, quality conditions. General water-quality Fountain Creeks, with emphasis on fications, for 1975-83, are reported by of record was not adequate at most detection of water-quality trends was was begun by the USGS in cooperation with the Utilities, to evaluate water-quality extended period of record through 1988.

(USGS), in cooperation with the Pikes a study to monitor water quality and

local agencies in the development of an

relation

sites

Purpose

to causeipal

flowsa

water

characterize surface-water-chalracteristics of Monument and of water quality to stream classi-

Edelmann (1990). Because the period for iâny water-quality constituents,

limited. In 1985, an additional study Colorado Springs Department of

variations and trends based on an

and Scope

This report describes water-quality variations and trends of Monument and Fountain Creeks. Data from nine water-quality record ranging from 5 years (water years 1984-1 1976-88) were used in the analysis. Spatial 30 individual water-quality properties tatively using data from most stations

stations that had periods of 88) to 13 years (water years

variations in streamflow and and constituents were evaluated quali- in a graphical box-plot analysis. In

105°00' DOUGLAS COUNTY i ELBERT COUNTY

39°00

38°30'

PALMER LAKE-MONUMENT WASTEWATER TREATMENT L LANT ^

INGS WASTEWATER REATME NT PLANT Vo

GARDEN VALLEY WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

O Security

Widefield

QUNTY COUNTY

TELLER FREMONT

FORT CARSON-MILITARYRESERVATION

EL PASO COUNTYPUEBLO COUNTY

CUSTER COUNTY

EXPLANATIONWATER-QUALITY

STATION

STREAMFLOW-GAGING STATION

07103747 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATION NUMBER

^ STREAM SEGMENT DIVISION

Base from U.S. Geological Survey Q State base map 1:500,000,1980 | \\\\\\

10 15 KILOMETERS

Figure 1. Location of study area and water-quality stations.

3

addition, a statistical analysis of spatial trends of streamflow and selected water-quality properties and constituents among seven stations for a similar period of record (water years 1980-88) was performed. Finally, results of a seasonal Kendall test applied to identify trdnds in the time series of streamflow and each water-quality property and constituent that met specific criteria, for the period of record at each station, are presented,

i|Approach

Data from nine water-quality stations were used in the analysis of water-quality variations and trends (table 1). Streamflow and water-quality properties and constituents evaluated during the study were limited to the following: instantaneous streamflow, specific conductance, pH, water temper ature, dissolved oxygen, hardness as calcium carbonate, dissolved calcium, dissolved magnesium, dissolved chloride, dissolved sulfate, suspended solids, nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, total ammonia as nitrogen, un-ionized ammonia as nitrogen, total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, total organic nitrogen as nitrogen, total phosphorus, total cadmium, total recoverable copper, dissolved iron, total recoverable iron, total recoverable lead, dissolved manganese, total recoverable manganese, total recoverable nickel, total selenium, total recoverable zinc, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total coliform bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria, and fecal streptococcus bacteria. Although data for instantaneous streamflow, water temperature, and dissolved-oxygen concentrations are included in the analyses, these measure ments are time dependent, and substantial daily variations generally occur. The data are presented for comparative purposes and to provide background information for future uses. Un-ionized ammonia as nitrogen was estimated using the method of Thurston and others reported in Willingham (1976). The method uses water temperature, pH, and ammonia-nitrogen concentration data. Summary statistics were compiled for streamflow and the water-quality proper ties and constituents based on data available for each station. Comparison of streamflow and each water-quality property and constituent was made among stations that had available data. Box plots were used to display the varia bility of data at each station and to qualitatively compare data among stations. Statistical comparisons also were made on the data from stations 07103747 Monument Creek at Palmer Lak^; 07104000 Monument Creek at Pikeview; 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou Street at Colorado Springs, hereinafter referred to as Monument Creek at Bijou; 07103700 Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs; 07105500 Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs; 07105530 Fountain Creek below Janitell Road below Colorado Springs, hereinafter referred to as Fountain Creek below CSWWTP (Colorado Springs; Wastewater Treatment Plant); and 07105905 Fountain Creek above Little Fountain Creek below Fountain, herein after referred to as Fountain Creek below Fountain, for water years 1980 through 1988 to determine the existencje and significance of trends among the stations. The comparisons were made uping the stations where sufficient data had been collected during a common period of record. Time-series trends in streamflow, water-quality properties, and concentrations of constituents were computed for all stations.

Table 1. Water-quality stations on Monument and Fountain Creepsused in this study

c-4. .u Stream btation ^ TT , . , *. *_ , segment U.S. Geological Survey station name number °, i number x

0710374707103780

0710400007104905 07103700 07105500 07105530

07105905

07106500

67

77 1 2 2

2

2

Monument Creek at Palmer LakeMonument Creek above North Gate Boulevard at

U.S. Air Force Academy Monument Creek at PikeviewMonument Creek at Bijou Street at Colorado Springs Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs Fountain Creek below Janitell Road below

Colorado Springs Fountain Creek above Little Fountain Creek

below FountainFountain Creek at Pueblo

Period of

data collec tion(water year) 2

1977-881984-88

1976-881980-88 1976-88 1976-88 1976-88

1976-88

1976-88

Colorado Department of Health (1989).2Data collected at each site varied during the period of record

DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA

Monument and Fountain Creeks are the two main drainages northwest, west, and south of Colorado Springs (fig. 1). Monument Creek, which originates in the Rampart Range at an elevation of about 9,200 ft, generally flows northeast towards the town of Palmer Lake, where it changes direction and flows south east to Colorado Springs. Monument Creek flows into Fountain Creek within the city limits of Colorado Springs. Fountain Creek, which originates on the slopes of Pikes Peak at an elevation of over 14,000 ft, generally flows south east to Colorado Springs. From Colorado Springs, Fountain Creek continues to flow southeast to Pueblo, where it flows into the Arkansas River. Fountain Creek drains an area of 926 mi2 . The main sources of streamflow in both creeks are snowmelt, runoff from thunderstorms, and return flows from munic ipal, agricultural, and industrial water use. Along Fountain Creek, ground- water discharge also is a source.

Flow in Monument Creek is perennial. Flow from the Palmer Lake-Monument Wastewater Treatment Plant, flow from Cottonwood Creek, and miscellaneous inflows from urban areas are the main sources of flow for Monument Creek. Mean annual streamflow increases downstream and ranges from 7.52 to 28.8 ft 3 /s for the period of record at three continuous streamflow-gaging stations: Monument Creek at Palmer Lake; Monument Creek above North Gate Boulevard at U.S. Air Force Academy, hereinafter referred to as Monument Creek at USAFA; and Monument Creek at Pikeview.

Flow in Fountain Creek is perennial from Colorado Springs to Fountain. In this reach, the strearaflow is augmented by discharge of wastewater effluent from Colorado Springs, Garden Valley, $ecurity, Fort Carson, Widefield, and Fountain (Edelmann and Cain, 1985). The percentage of annual flow contributed by wastewater effluent does not clearly explain the effects of wastewater effluent on the flows in Fountain Creek (Edelmann and Cain, 1985). Short periods of heavy runoff in Fountain Creek contribute a large volume to its annual flow, while flows of wastewater effluent are more constant. Downstream from Fountain, no-flow periods may occur during the summer because of agricul tural diversions. Most of the land use between Colorado Springs and Pueblo is agricultural. Mean annual streamflow increases downstream and ranges from 14.6 to 72.1 ft 3/s for the period of record at three continuous streamflow- gaging stations: Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs, Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs, and Fountain Creek at Pueblo.

SUMMARY STATISTICS

For the nine stations where water-equality data were collected for this study, seven statistical parameters that define the distribution of the data were determined for streamflow and all water-cuality properties and constitu ents that had a sufficient number of values. These parameters were the mean, standard deviation, minimum, lower quartile (25th percentile), median (50th percentile), upper quartile (75th percentile), and maximum. The criteria for a sufficient number of values were defined as follows: (1) At least 10 values equal to or exceeding the detection lirait, and (2) no more than 75 percent of the values less than the detection limit (censored values). If either cri terion was not satisfied, only the minimum and maximum values were reported to indicate the range of measured values. j

Because the data for many properties and (less-than) values (because of improvement inresulting in a lowering of the detection limits), the methods used to computethe summary statistics were selected based on

constituents included censored analytical methods over time,

their accuracy for estimatingspecific distributional parameters for data sets containing censored values. Gilliom and Helsel (1986) determined that the log probability regression was the best method to estimate the mean and standard deviation of such data setsand that a lognormal maximum-likelihoocmedian and quartile values. The software used in this study to compute the summary statistics incorporated these two methods, modified to accept data sets that had more than one detection limit (censored values) (Helsel and Cohn, 1988).

Summary statistics for the data compiledstudy are listed in tables 4 through 12

method was best for estimating the

in thefor the nine stations in this "Hydrologic Data" section at

the back of ttie report. Also included in the tables are the applicable State water-quality standards that were in effect in 1989 (Colorado Department of Health, 1989). The standards vary in different stream segments. The standards are maximum allowable concentrations, except for the pH standard, which is an allowable range, and the dissolved-oxygen standard, which is a minimum allow able concentration. Where two values are listed for the dissolved-oxygen standard, the larger value applies during periods of spawning of cold-water fish. The standards for most trace metals were based on total recoverable concentration except for iron and manganese, which have standards for dis solved and total recoverable concentrations.

Exceedances of the State water-quality standards can be observed in the summaries listed in tables 4 through 12. Median pH values at all stations were always within the water-quality-standard allowance range. The maximum water-quality standard for pH was exceeded once at station 07103780 Monument Creek at USAFA (table 5) in August 1985 and once at station 07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP (table 10) in September 1984.

Median dissolved-oxygen concentrations always exceeded the water-quality standard. At station 07105905 Fountain Creek below Fountain (table 11) in July 1988 and at station 07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo (table 12) in August 1981, the dissolved-oxygen concentrations did not meet the water- quality standard. At station 07103700 Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs (table 8) in August 1980, the dissolved-oxygen concentrations did not meet the standard for spawning of cold-water fish.

At station 07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo (table 12), the standard for nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen was exceeded once in July 1982. Median con centrations of total phosphorus were larger than 0.1 mg/L except at station 07103747 Monument Creek at Palmer Lake (table 4) and 07103700 Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs (table 8). Data for total phosphorus were not collected at station 07103780 Monument Creek at USAFA. For the stations with median values larger than 0.1 mg/L, the median concentrations ranged from 0.16 mg/L at station 07104000 Monument Creek at Pikeview (table 6) to 4.4 mg/L at station 07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP (table 10). There is no State water-quality standard or Federal criterion for phosphorus; however, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1986) has stated that in order to prevent nuisance algal growth associated with accelerated eutrophication, total phosphorus concentrations should not exceed 0.1 mg/L in streams. This con centration is associated with eutrophication-related water-quality problems in reservoirs. Currently (1988), there are off-stream but no on-stream reservoirs on these two creeks.

Median trace-metal concentrations were less than the State standards at all the stations except the following: stations 07103780 Monument Creek at USAFA (table 5) and 07105905 Fountain Creek below Fountain (table 11), dis solved manganese; stations 07104000 Monument Creek at Pikeview (table 6) and 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou (table 7), total recoverable copper; and station 07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo (table 12), total selenium. The State water-quality standard for fecal coliform was exceeded at least once at each station except stations 07103747 Monument Creek at Palmer Lake (table 4) and 07103780 Monument Creek at USAFA (table 5).

WATER-QUALITY VARIATIONS AND TREND ANALYSIS

Variations and trends in water-quality properties and constituents were investigated during this study. Water-quality variations among stations were evaluated qualitatively using box plots. Variability of water-quality data at each station and among stations was compared for the period of record. Because the period of record is not the same for all stations, the statistical determination of water-quality trends among seven of the nine stations was done for a common period of record: water years 1980 through 1988. Time- series trends at all nine stations were determined for the period of record.

Water-quality variations and trends are affected by the water uses inthe basin. Wastewater-treatment plants Springs affect the water quality in the

from station 07104000 Monument Creek at

downstream from Monument and Colorado two creeks (Edelmann and Cain, 1985).

Urbanization has increased throughout the northern part of the basin. Cotton- wood Creek flows through a developing urban area into Monument Creek upstream

Pikevlew. Cottonwood Creek contributes large volumes of suspended sediment to Monument Creek (von Guerard, 1989) and has a larger specific conductance than Monument Creek. Downstream from station 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijdu, more: storm drains in Colorado Springs flow into Monument Creek. The area along Fountain Creek between Colorado Springs and Fountain generally is more urbanized than the area along Fountain Creek between Fountain and Pueblo, which generally is agricultural. Water use and reuse and tributary ground-water inflows downstream from station 07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP probably cause the increased concentra tions in many constituents (Cain and Edelmann, 1986). Jimmy Camp Creek, a tributary that has large specific-conductance values, flows into Fountain Creek between stations 07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP and 07105905 Fountain Creek below Fountain.

Water-QualiUy Variations

Comparisons of water-quality properties and constituents were made among stations. Box plots were constructed to graphically display the constituent variability at each station and to qualitatively compare data among stations. Only qualitative comparisons and not trend analysis can be made because the number of values and period of record Were different at each station. Box plots are useful because variability bcttween data sets and unusual values can

following information (fig. 2). Theeasily be seen. Box plots contain the horizontal line and diamond inside the cent of the data are greater than this less than this value). The lower line lower quartile (25 percent of the data line of the box is the 75th percentile

construct the box plot. The period ofnumber of data values. The number of data vajLues and the period of record are important and need to be considered by the reader before conclusions are made about reasons for differences in water quality among stations.

basedGenerally, concentrations of most

constituents were larger downstream, figures 3 through 32 in the "Hydrologie Data"are not included because it is the only constituent that for all stations either had more than 75 percent of the or most of the summary statistics were Helsel and Conn (1988).

box represent the median value (50 per- value and 50 percent of the data areof the box is the 25th percentile orare less than this value). The upper or upper quartile (75 percent of the

data are less than this value). The interquartile range (IQR) contains the values between the 25th and 75th percentile and is the difference between the 25th and 75th percentile. The bottom of the vertical line on the box plot is the smallest value within 1.5 times the IQR of the box. The top of the vertical line is the largest value within 1.5itimes the IQR of the box. Outside values, shown as D , are greater than 1.5 times the IQR from the box. The far out values, shown as o, are greater than 3 times the IQR from the box The number at the top of the box plot :Ls the number of data values used to

recordL in years, is listed above the

of the water-quality properties and on comparison of the box plots in

values

section. Box plots for cadmium

less than the detection limit,estimated using methods described by

1977-88 209-

EXPLANATION

Period of record

^^~^ Number of values

Far out value (greater than 3 times IQR from the box)

Outside value (greater than 1.5 times IQR from the box)

O3c03

cr

I

Largest value within 1.5 times IQR of the box

75th percentile (upper quartile)

Median

25th percentile (lower quartile)

Smallest value within 1.5 times IQR of the box

Figure 2. Example diagram of a box plot.

Median values of instantaneous streamflow (fig. 3) were larger down stream on Monument Creek, and were larger downstream on Fountain Creek to Fountain Creek below CSWWTP. Streamflow was smaller at downstream stations on Fountain Creek because of irrigation withdrawals in this reach (Edelmann and Cain, 1985).

Median values of specific conductance (fig. 4) and median concentrations of dissolved chloride (fig. 11) and dissolved sulfate (fig. 12) were larger downstream on both creeks probably because of increasing urbanization, which increased wastewater effluent and urban runoff along Monument Creek (Edelmann, 1990, p. 15) and ground-water inflow and irrigation-return flow along Fountain Creek (Cain and Edelmann, 1986, p. 8). Median pH values (fig. 5) were smaller at station 07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP. Median values of temperature (fig. 6) generally were higher downstream, and median dissolved-oxygen concen trations (fig. 7) generally were smaller downstream because of warmer stream temperatures. Median dissolved-oxygen concentrations were smaller downstream from the wastewater-treatment plant at Colorado Springs probably because of the smaller dissolved-oxygen concentrations in the effluent.

Median values of hardness, as calctium carbonate (fig. 8), and median concentrations of dissolved calcium (fig. 9), dissolved magnesium (fig. 10), and suspended solids (fig. 13) were latger downstream except at station 07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP. Larger median concentations occurred downstream on Monument Creek probably because of wastewater effluent, tribu tary inflow from basins that drain sedimentary formations and erosive soils, and urbanization (Edelmann 1990). Larger median concentrations occurred down stream on Fountain Creek because of inflow from Monument Creek. The median concentrations are smaller at station 07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP because of dilution, but the resulting streamflow increase from the effluent re-suspends sediments in the stream channel (Edelmann, 1990).

Median nutrient concentrations (figs. 14-19), except for nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, were largest at station 07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP downstream from the wastewater-treatment plant at Colorado Springs because of the large volume of discharge from the wastewater-treatment plant (Kuhn, 1991). Median concentrations of. nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen (fig. 14) were larger downstream except at station 07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP. The smaller concentration probably was due to the CSWWTP effluent containing small concentrations of n:Ltrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, which resulted in dilution. Larger concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate downstream probably result primarily from nitrification of ammonia.

Median concentrations of most trace elements are larger downstream, probably because of water reuse. Median concentrations of total recoverable copper (fig. 20) and total recoverable zinc (fig. 28) were larger downstream except at station 07105905 Fountain Creek below Fountain. Median concentra tions of total recoverable lead (fig. 23) were larger downstream except at station 07103780 Monument Creek at USAfA and at station 07105905 Fountain Creek below Fountain. Median concentrations of dissolved iron (fig. 21) were smaller downstream and concentrations of total recoverable iron (fig. 22) were larger downstream except at station 0710!>530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP and then were larger again at station 07105901) Fountain Creek below Fountain. Median concentrations of dissolved manganese [fig. 24) were smaller downstream in Monument Creek except at station 07103780 Honument Creek at USAFA. Median concentrations of dissolved manganese (fig- 24) were larger downstream in Fountain Creek except at station 07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo. Median concentrations of total recoverable manganese (fig. 25) were larger downstreamin both streams except at stations 071 07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo. Me

)5530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP and lian concentrations of total recoverable

nickel (fig. 26) were larger downstrean excep: at station 07105905 FountainCreek below Fountain and then were lar; Creek at Pueblo. Median concentrationsubstantially larger downstream from station )7105905 Fountain Creek below Fountain, possibly because of selenife::ous be Is in the shale bedrock (Cain and Edelmann, 1986).

Values of median 5-day biochemica Creek were largest at station 07103780 downstream from the Palmer Lake Monument larger downstream on Fountain Creek ex :ept at Pueblo. Median bacterial counts (f stream in Monument Creek. Median coun

again at station 07106500 Fountain of total selenium (fig. 27) were

wast at

gs. 30 s of f

L oxygen demand (fig. 29) on Monument Monument Creek at USAFA, which is

ewater-treatment plant and were station 07106500 Fountain Creek -32) generally were larger down- seal coliform bacteria (fig. 31)

10

were larger downstream to station 07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP and then were smaller. Median counts of fecal streptococcus bacteria (fig. 32) were larger downstream except at station 07105905 Fountain Creek below Fountain and then were slightly larger at station 07105600 Fountain Creek at Pueblo.

Water-Quality Trends

Quantitative comparisons of median values of selected water-quality properties and concentrations of constituents were made among seven of the stations for water years 1980 through 1988. The stations analyzed were divided into two groups; the first group included three stations on Monument Creek: 07103747 Monument Creek at Palmer Lake, 07104000 Monument Creek at Pikeview, and 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou. The second group included the most downstream station on Monument Creek, 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou, and four stations on Fountain Creek: 07103700 Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs, 07105500 Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs, 07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP, and 07105905 Fountain Creek below Fountain. Station 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou was included in the second group of stations on Fountain Creek in order to compare the water-quality properties and concen trations of constituents of Monument Creek to the water-quality properties and concentrations of constituents of Fountain Creek because generally more than 50 percent of the streamflow in Fountain Creek is from Monument Creek (Doug Cain, U.S. Geological Survey, oral commun., 1990). Stations 07103780 Monument Creek at USAFA and 07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo were not included in the analysis because of insufficient data.

The comparisons were made using Tukey's studentized range test (SAS Institute Inc., 1985). Tukey's test was used to compare the median value of a water-quality property or constituent for all stations in a group. An alpha level of 0.05 was used to determine whether the median values were signifi cantly different. The results are presented in table 2. Stations with the same letter or number are not significantly different. A, B, and C are used for the first group of stations; 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are used for the second group of stations. The lower the letter in the alphabet or the smaller the number, the smaller the median value. For example, the median water tempera ture at station 07104000 Monument Creek at Pikeview is not significantly different from the median water temperatures at stations 07103747 Monument Creek at Palmer Lake or 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou, but the median water temperatures at 07103747 and 07104905 are significantly different from each other. The median values listed in this table may be different from the median values listed in tables 4 and 6-11 because of the period of record used.

Results of Tukey's test generally indicate that for Monument Creek, the median concentration of most constituents at station 07103747 Monument Creek at Palmer Lake is significantly different from stations 07104000 Monument Creek at Pikeview and 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou, which are more similar to each other. The median concentration of most constituents at station 07103700 Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs, upstream from the mouth of Monument Creek, is significantly different from the median concentration of most constitiuents at downstream stations on Fountain Creek except for pH at station 07105500 Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs and for fecal coliform at

11

Tabl

e 2. Tukey's

grouping and me

dian

values for

stre

am flow

and

selected water-quality pro

pert

ies

and

constituents at

sele

cted

wat

er-q

uali

ty stations,

water years 19

80 th

roug

h 19

88

[071

0374

7 Monument Cr

eek

at Palmer La

ke;

07104000 Monument Creek

at Pikeview;

07104905 Mo

nume

nt Creek

at Bijou

Street at

Colorado Sp

ring

s; 07103700

Fountain Creek

near Colorado Springs; 07105500 Fo

unta

in Creek

at Colorado Sp

ring

s; 07105530 Fo

unta

in Creek below J

anitell

Road below Colorado Sp

ring

s;

07105905 Fo

unta

in Creek

above

Litt

le Fo

unta

in Creek below F

ount

ain;

ft

3/s, cubic

feet

per

seco

nd;

uS/c

m, microsiemens per

cent

imet

er at

25 degrees

Cels

ius;

°C,

degr

ee Ce

lsiu

s; mg

/L,

milligrams per

lite

r; Mg

/L,

micrograms per

lite

r; /l

OOmL

, colonies per

100

mill

ilit

ers]

Monu

ment

Creek

Fountain Creek

Property or

constituent

Units

Station

0710

3747

Station

07104000

Station

07104905

Station

07103700

Stat

ion

07105500

Station

07105530

Station

07105905

Tuke

y's

grouping

.. ,.

Tukey

s ..

..

Tukey s

u ..

Tukey s

u ..

Tukey

s u

..

Tukey s

u ..

Tu

key

s ..

..Median

. Me

dian

.

Medi

an

. Median

. Me

dian

.

Medi

an

. Me

dian

grouping

grouping

grou

ping

grouping

grouping

grouping

Inst

anta

neou

sstreamflow

Specific co

ndu

ctan

cepH Wa

ter

temperature

Dissolved

oxygen

Suspended

soli

dsNi

trit

e plus

nitr

ate

asni

trog

enTotal

ammo

nia

as nitrogen

Un- io

nize

d am

mnni

ias ni

trog

enTo

tal

recoverable

copp

erTo

tal

recoverable

iron

Tota

l recoverable

zinc

5-day

biochemical

oxygen dem

and

Fecal

coliform

bacteria

ft3/

s

MS/cm

stan

dard

°C

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

i ag

/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

mg/L

/lOO

mL

*A A A A A A A A A A A A A A

3.1

160 7.

958.

0

9.9

7 2.1 .0

2

.000

01

3

575 20

.7

5

B B A A.B A B .B B B B B B B B

23 345 7.

9511 9.

015

6 1.4 .13

.001

4

8

4,40

0 40 2.55

58

B.2

C,2

A,l

B,2

A, 2, 3

C,4

C,3

B,2

B,2

C,3

C,4

B B,2

B.1,

2

25 480 8.

113 8.

9528

2 1.8 .07

.0018

11

6,800 50 2.

7

175

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

13

290 7.

97.

5

10.2

22.8 .0

35

.000

5

4.5

905 91

1.0

90

3 2 1 2 2 3 2,3 2 2 2 3,4 2 2 1,2

40 514 8.

013

.5 9.15

162 1.

6 .07

.001

10

4,55

0

193 2.

4

180

5 3 2 2 3,4 2 2 4 4 3 2 3 3 2

93 730 7.

613 8.

4841.3

7.45 .06

15.5

2,15

0

275 14

375

4 4 3 2 4 2,3 4 3 3 3 3

2 -

3 1,2

82

1,05

0 7.8

14 8.0

110 3.

7

1.2 .012

13

3,400

209 15 150

1Median

valu

es at

st

atio

ns with the

same

le

tter

or nu

mb'e

r groups;

group

one:

07103747,

07104000,

and

0710

4905

; group

2:

2The median

value is

0.

1, the

detection

limit.

are

not

sign

ific

antl

y di

ffer

ent

at the

alph

a =

0.05

level.

Tuke

y's

test

was

run

on two

stat

ion

07104905,

0710

3700

, 07

1055

00,

0710

5530

, and

07105905.

stations 07105500 Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs and 07105905 Fountain Creek below Fountain. The median concentration of most constituents at station 07105500 Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs, downstream from the mouth of Monument Creek, is more similar to the median concentration of most constituents at station 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou than to the median concentration of most constituents at station 07103700 Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs, indicating that the water quality of Monument Creek has a large effect on the water quality of Fountain Creek.

To determine the effect of the Colorado Springs Wastewater-Treatment Plant on the water quality of Fountain Creek, station 07105500 Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs, upstream from the wastewater-treatment plant, and station 07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP were compared. Tukey's test results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the water quality between the two stations for the following property and constituents: water temperature, nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, and fecal coliform bacteria. The following properties and constituents had statisti cally significant increases downstream: instantaneous streamflow, specific conductance, total ammonia as nitrogen, un-ionized ammonia as nitrogen, total recoverable copper, total recoverable zinc, and 5-day BOD. The following properties and constituents had statistically significant decreases down stream: pH, dissolved oxygen, suspended solids, and total recoverable iron.

Time-Series Trends

Time-series trends at each station were analyzed to determine if changes in the values of water-quality properties and concentrations of constituents had occurred over time. Factors such as land use, water use, and climate in the basin can affect water quality. Detection of temporal trends in water quality can indicate changes in the factors that affect water quality.

Trend analysis of time-series data for water-quality properties and constituents is complicated by several common characteristics of the data: nonnormality, seasonality, serial dependence, and censoring. Nonnormal data cannot be described by a symmetrical, unimodal, bell-shaped distribution. Seasonal data have a natural sequential order over time and vary, depending on the time of year. Water-quality data often are serially dependent; the constituent concentration at one point in time is dependent upon and related to prior data. Censored data contain less-than values due to the detection limits of the analytical methods.

The seasonal Kendall test, which was used in this study to detect temporal trends in water quality, is based on methods developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (Hirsch and Slack, 1984). The seasonal Kendall test is a statistical technique unaffected by the problem characteristics described above (Hirsch and others, 1982; Hirsch and Slack, 1984). This technique is used to identify statistically significant monotonic changes (only increasing or only decreasing trends) in data over time. The technique also provides an estimate of the magnitude and direction of the change, which can be used to calculate the percent change in the median constituent concentration for the period of record. The seasonal Kendall test is a nonparametric statistical technique; the test statistic is determined by using ranks of the data rather than the actual data. Nonnormality of the data set and censored values are

13

not problems in a nonparametric approach, because they do not affect the rank of the data. Trends are evaluated separately for each specified season (months were used in this study), and results are combined into a single test statistic (tau). The significance level (p-value) of tau then is adjusted to account for serial correlation. i

In addition to testing the original data, [the seasonal Kendall test can be used to identify trends in the time series of flow-adjusted concentrations. Flow adjustment would be used to eliminate the effect of correlation between streamflow and values of water-quality properties and constituent concen trations. This adjustment would decrease the possibility of erroneously concluding that the concentrations of a particular constituent have increased or decreased as a result of some change in land or water use in the basin when the change in concentration is a result of a change in flow conditions during the period of record. For this study, iflow adjustments were not made to the concentration data because the changes In streamflow and the water-quality properties and constituents have probably resulted, at least in part, from human activity in the basin (for example, increases in discharge of wastewater effluent and urban runoff). Flow adjustment should not be used where human activity has altered the probability distribution of streamflow (Hirsch and others, 1991). Flow adjustments could erroneously remove the changes in values of water-quality properties and concentrations of constituents. Flow adjustment is not appropriate when the >urpose of the study is to assess the effect of trends on the suitability of water for use by humans or aquatic organisms rather than to investigate the cause of the trend (Hirsch and others, 1991).

The seasonal Kendall test was applied series of each water-quality property this study, the seasonal division was d quality sampling usually was done monthly summarized in tables 13 through 21 in back of the report. The properties or tables only if the data had the following

to identify trends in the time constituent at each station. For

efined to be monthly because the water- Results of the trend analyses are

"Hydrologic Data" section at the constituents were included in these

characteristics:

acid

the

At least 3 years of record.At least 20 values were larger than or equal to the detection limit

at stations 07104000 Monument Creek at Pikeview, 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou, 07105500 Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs, and 07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo; or at least 30 values werelarger than or equal to the detection limit at stations 07103747Monument Creek at Palmer Lake, 07103780 Monument Creek at USAFA,07103700 Fountain Creek nearCreek below CSWWTP, and 07105905 Fountain Creek below Fountain.

3. No more than 10 percent of the limit (censored values).

Several significance levels are r level of the trend test is the maximum a trend that does not actually exist, serial correlation is reported for all 10 years or longer, the significance also is reported. Generally, the a

Colorado Springs, 07105530 Fountain

values were less than the detection

eported in the tables. The significance probability of erroneously identifying The significance level unadjusted for trends. If the period of record is

level adjusted for serial correlation djusted significance level will be larger;

14

the trend is less significant because there is less information in serially correlated data. The difference between the unadjusted and adjusted signifi cance levels increases as the strength of the serial correlation increases.

The trend slope listed in tables 13 through 21 is the seasonal Kendall slope estimator, as defined by Hirsch and others (1982). A negative trend slope indicates a decrease in the property or concentration of the constituent with time; a positive trend slope indicates an increase in the property or concentration of the constituent with time. The seasonal Kendall slope estimator, the trend slope, is the median of all possible differences in the time-series data within the same month and provides an estimate of the median annual change in the data.

In instances where the distribution of the data was highly skewed (the data distribution is asymmetrical; the mean is different from the median), a trend is unlikely to be linear; therefore, the trend-slope estimator computed from actual data values is not appropriate. Transforming the data to logarithms will linearize the trend if the annual changes are proportional to each other. The significance of the trend, which is based on the ranks of the data, is not affected by this transformation. Most of the trend analyses in this study were made on the actual data values; however, the logarithms of the number of colonies per 100 ml was used for trend analyses of all bacterial data. The trend slope for the bacterial data in tables 13 through 21 is the multiplicative change in median value each year because of the logarithm conversion. The change is not constant with time but increases or decreases with time. The change in median has been detransformed and is the overall change as a percentage of the estimated median for the first year of record in the original data units.

Significant trend slopes are identified in tables 13 through 21 by using the following criteria:

1. Moderately significant (*), if the significance level is less than or equal to 0.1 and greater than 0.05.

2. Significant (**), if the significance level is less than or equal to 0.05 and greater than 0.01.

3. Very significant (***), if the significance level is less than or equal to 0.01.

If the significance level (p-value) is greater than 0.1, there is a greater than 10-percent chance that there is no real trend. Selection of the signifi cance level used in the above identification, if more than one significance level was reported for a property or constituent, was based on the order: (1) Significance level adjusted for serial correlation; and (2) unadjusted significance level, if there was no adjusted significance level reported.

For example, in table 13, the trend slope for water temperature is not significant. In table 13, the trend slope for pH was determined to be significant because the adjusted significance level (greater than 10 years of record) 0.0497 is less than or equal to 0.05 and greater than 0.01. Also in table 13, the trend slope for fecal streptococcus is very significant because the unadjusted significance level is 0.0100.

15

A summary of significant trends for all stations is listed in table 3. Several general observations about trends in the study area can be made from the results in this table. Instantaneous streamflow had positive trends except at station 07103780 Monument Creek at USAFA. Streamflow may have sub stantial daily variation but the instantaneous streamflows at time of sampling were characteristic of the mean daily streamflows (Edelmann, 1990). The frequency curves of the instantaneous measured streamflows from 1975 through 1983 were nearly identical to the mean daily streamflow-duration curves except for the extremely large and small streamflows. Specific conductance had variable trends. Stations 07103780 Monument Creek at USAFA and 07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou had positive trends, whereas stations 07103747 Monument Creek at Palmer Lake, 07103700 Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs, 07105500 Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs, 07105905 Fountain Creek below Fountain, and 07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo had negative trends. pH and concentrations of dissolved sulfate, nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, and un-ionized ammonia as nitrogen had positive trends at stations that had a significant trend. Concentrations of total ammonia as nitrogen, total ammoniaplus organic nitrogen, total recoverable copper, dissolved manganese, andtotal recoverable nickel had negative trends at stations that had a signifi cant trend. The other metals had variable trends at stations that had a significant trend. Concentrations of 5-day BOD had positive trends at two ofthree upstream stations on Monument Creek and downstream stations. Fecal coliform and fecal trends at all stations that had a significantat station 07105530 Fountain Creek below CSWWTP, which had a positive trend.

The trends considered to be very significant are plotted in figures 33 through 55 in the "Hydrologic Data" section. The trend plots include the data, the smooth line, and the trend line. The smooth line, or lowess curve,is an estimate of the weighted moving averageconstituent with time (Chambers and others, 1983). The trend line describes the linear change in the water-quality jroperty or constituent for the periodof record. Because of the variability

negative trends at some of thestreptococcus had negative

trend except for fecal coliform

in thetrend line help show the trend in the data. Kany of the plotted trends are probably related to changes in pH and increases in wastewater discharge from treatment plants.

of the water-quality property or

data, the smooth line and the

SUMMARY

Water-quality data were collected five stations on Fountain Creek during data were used to determine variations and constituents. A comparison of water qualitatively using box plots. Only because the number of data values and station. Water-quality trends for Monument Creek at Pikeview, Monument Creek at Bijou Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs, Fountain Creek below Janitell Road below above Little Fountain Creek below Fountain also were evaluated. Time-series trends determine if changes in water-quality record at each station.

at four stations on Monument Creek and water years 1976 through 1988. These and trends in water-quality properties

quality among all stations was made qualitative comparisons could be made period of record were different for each

Creek at Palmer Lake, Monument Street at Colorado Springs,

Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs,Colorado Springs, and Fountain Creek

, for water years 1980 through 1988, at each station were done to

conditions occurred during the period of

16

Tabl

e 3. Summary o

f si

gnif

ican

t trends for

sele

cted

water-quality properties

and

cons

titu

ents

[071

0374

7 Monument Cr

eek

at Pa

lmer

Lake;

07103780 Mo

nume

nt Cr

eek

abov

e North

Gate

Bo

ulevard

at U.S. Air

Force

Academy;

0710

4000 Monument Cr

eek

at Pikeview

; 07104905 Monument Cr

eek

at Bijou

Stre

et at Colo

rado Springs; 07103700 Fountain

Creek

near

Co

lora

do Sp

ring

s; 07

105500 Fo

unta

in Creek

at Co

lora

do Springs; 07

1055

30 Fo

unta

in Creek

below

Janitell Road

belo

w Co

lora

do Springs; 07105905 Fountain Creek

above

Litt

le Fo

unta

in Cr

eek

below

Fountain;

07106500 Fo

unta

in Cr

eek

at

Pueb

lo;

(+),

significant

positive trend; (-

), si

gnif

ican

t negative trend; *, mo

dera

tely

si

gnif

ican

t trend, the

significance

leve

l is le

ss th

an or

equal

to 0.1

and

greater

than

0.

05;

**,

sign

ific

ant

trend, th

e si

gnif

ican

ce level

is less th

an or

equal

to 0.

05 and

greater

than 0.01

; **

*, ve

ry si

gnif

ican

t trend, the

sign

ific

ance

level

is le

ss than or

eq

ual

to 0.

01;

o, trend

not

significant; , insu

ffic

ient

data]

Prop

erty or

constituent

Instantaneous

streamflow

Specific conductance

PH Wate

r te

mper

atur

eDi

ssol

ved

oxygen

Hardness as calcium

carbonate

Dissolved

calcium

Diss

olve

d magnesium

Diss

olve

d ch

lori

deDi

ssol

ved

sulf

ate

Susp

ende

d solids

Nitr

ite

plus

nitrate

as nitrogen

Total

ammonia

as ni

trog

enUn- io

nize

d ammonia

as nitrogen

Tota

l ammo

nia

plus or

gani

c nitrogen

Tota

l orga

nic

nitrogen as nitrogen

Tota

l ph

osphorus

Total

reco

vera

ble

copper

Diss

olve

d iron

Total

reco

verable

iron

Tota

l re

coverable

lead

Dissolved

mang

anes

eTotal

reco

verable

manganese

Tota

l re

cove

rabl

e nickel

Tota

l seleni

um

Tota

l re

coverable

zinc

5-day

biochemical

oxygen demand

Fecal

coli

form

Fecal

stre

ptococcus

Sign

ific

ant

tren

ds by st

atio

n

07103747

(+),

*(-),**

(+),** o o o o o o o o o o o o

(-),

***

07103780

(-),

***

(+),***

(+),***

(+),*

(-),*

(+

),**

*(+),**

(-),***

(+),**

0(+

),**

*o

(+),** o o

(-),** o o --

(+),* o o

0710

4000

(+),

***

0(+),** o o 0 o

(+),**

(+),

***

(+),

***

o o o 0 (+),** -- (+),* o o o

(+),* (-),*

07104905

(+),**

(+),

*(+

),**

*o o (+),**

*(+

),**

*o

(+),

***

(+),**

(-),

***

(-),** 0

(-),**

* o o o o o o

(-),** o o

0710

3700

(+),**

(-),* o

(-),*

(+),* o o o o o

(-),* o o

(-),* o o -- o o (-),* o

(-),** o

07105500

(+),**

(-),

**(+),** o o ~ o 0 o o o

(-),** o o

(-),** -- o -- (-),*

(-),

***

o o

(-),**

*(-)

,** o(-)

,**

07105530

(+),

*0

(-O,** o o o o o

(-),* o o 0

(+),** o

(-),* o o o o o

(-),*

(-),

** o

(-),** o

(+),* o

0710

5905

00,**

(-),**

(+),

* o o o o o(+)

,**(-)

,* o(-)

,* o o o o o(-)

,* o o 0(-)

,***

(-),*

07106500

(+),**

(-),**

(+),

***

0(+

),**

* (-),

**(+

),**

*o

(+),*

(-),* o o o o (+),* o o

(+),*

(-),

***

o o

Median values of the water-quality properties and constituents were compared to the appropriate State water-quality standards. Median values of the water-quality properties and constituents were within the State standards except for the following trace-metal concentrations: dissolved manganese at Monument Creek above North Gate Boulevard at U.S. Air Force Academy and Fountain Creek above Little Fountain Creek below Fountain; total recoverable copper at Monument Creek at Pikeview and Monument Creek at Bijou Street at Colorado Springs; and total selenium at Fountain Creek at Pueblo. Occasional violations of the State water-quality standards occurred at all stations.

Generally, concentrations of most water-quality properties and constitu ents were larger downstream. Nutrient concentrations, except for nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, were largest fit Fountain Creek below Janitell Road below Colorado Springs, which is downstream from the wastewater-treatment plant at Colorado Springs; the concentrations then were smaller downstream.

Statistical comparisons of median values pf selected water-quality properties and constituents for determining spatial trends were made among seven of the nine stations for water years 1980 through 1988. For Monument Creek, the comparisons indicated that tie median concentrations of most constituents at Monument Creek at Palme r Lake were significantly different from the median concentrations at Monument Creek at Pikeview and Monument Creek at Bijou Street at Colorado Springs, which are more similar to each other. The median concentrations of rnout constituents at Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs, upstream from the mouth of Monument Creek, were signifi cantly different from the median concentrations of most constituents at downstream stations on Fountain Creek, except for a few constituents. The median concentrations of most constituents at Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs, downstream from the mouth of Monument Creek, were more similar to the median concentrations of most constituents at Monument Creek at Bijou Street at Colorado Springs than to the median concentrations of most constituents at Fountain Creek near Colorado Springs; tie water quality of Monument Creek has a large effect on the water quality of 7ountai:i Creek.

Water quality at Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs and Fountain Creekbelow Janitell Road below Colorado Springs, upstream and downstream from the Colorado Springs Wastewater-Treatment Plant, were compared. The following property and constituents were not statistically different: water tempera ture, nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, and fecal coliform bacteria. The following properties and constituents had statistically significant increasesdownstream: instantaneous streamflow, ispecifinitrogen, un-ionized ammonia as nitrogen, total recoverable copper, totalrecoverable zinc, and 5-day biochemical ties and constituents had statistically dissolved oxygen, suspended solids, and

c conductance, total ammonia as

oxygen

total

demand. The following proper-significant decreases downstream: pH,

recoverable iron.

Time-series trends in water quality were investigated at all stations for the period of record. The significant trends varied at each station. All stations except Monument Creek above North Gate Boulevard at U.S. Air Force Academy had positive trends in instantaneous streamflow. pH, and concentra tions of dissolved sulfate, nitrite pluis nitrate as nitrogen, and un-ionizedammonia as nitrogen had positive trends trend. Concentrations of total ammoniaable copper, dissolved manganese, and total retrends at stations that had a significant trend. All stations on Monument andFountain Creeks had significant temporal trend property or constituent.

at allplus organic nitrogen, total recover-

stations that had a significant

coverable nickel had negative

s of at least one water-quality

18

REFERENCES CITED

Cain, Doug, and Edelmann, Patrick, 1986, A reconnaissance water-qualityappraisal of the Fountain Creek alluvial aquifer between Colorado Springsand Pueblo, Colorado, including trace elements and organic constituents:U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4085,45 p.

Chambers, J.M., Cleveland, W.S., Kleiner, Beat, and Tukey, P.A., 1983,Graphical methods for data analysis: Murray Hill, N. J., Bell TelephoneLaboratories Incorporated, 395 p.

Colorado Department of Health, 1989, Classification and numeric standards Arkansas River Basin 3.2.0: Denver, Water Quality Control Commission,1 volume.

Edelmann, Patrick, 1990, Water quality of Fountain and Monument Creeks,south-central Colorado, with emphasis on relation of water quality tostream classifications: U.S. Geological Survey Water-ResourcesInvestigations Report 88-4132, 99 p.

Edelmann, Patrick, and Cain, Doug, 1985, Sources of water and nitrogen to theWidefield aquifer, southwestern El Paso County, Colorado: U.S. Geologi cal Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4162, 81 p.

Gilliom, R.J., and Helsel, D.R., 1986, Estimation of distributional parametersfor censored trace level water quality data 1. Estimation techniques:Water Resources Research, v. 22, no. 2, p. 135-146.

Helsel, D.R., and Cohn, T.A., 1988, Estimation of descriptive statistics formultiply censored water quality data: Water Resources Reasearch, v. 24,no. 12, p. 1997-2004.

Hirsch, R.M., Alexander, R.B., and Smith, R.A., 1991, Selection of methodsfor the detection and estimation of trends in water quality: WaterResources Research, v. 27, no. 5, p. 803-813.

Hirsch, R.M., Slack, J.R., and Smith, R.A., 1982, Techniques of trend analysisfor monthly water-quality data: Water Resources Research, v. 18, no. 1,p. 107-121.

Hirsch, R.M., and Slack, J.R., 1984, A nonparametric trend test for seasonaldata with serial dependence: Water Resources Research, v. 20, no. 6,p. 727-732.

Kuhn, Gerhard, 1991, Calibration, verification, and use of a steady-statestream water-quality model for Monument and Fountain Creeks, east-centralColorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report91-4055, 149 p.

SAS Institute Inc., 1985, SAS user's guide: Statistics version 5 edition:Cary, N.C., SAS Institute, 957 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986, Quality criteria for water 1986:EPA 440/5-86-001, 1 volume,

von Guerard, Paul, 1989, Suspended sediment and sediment-source areas in theFountain Creek drainage basin upstream from Widefield, southeasternColorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report88-4136, 36 p.

Willingham, W.T., 1976, Ammonia toxicity: Denver, U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, EPA-908/3-76-001, 103 p. [Available also fromNational Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va., as PB 256-447.]

19

HYDROLOGIC DATA

21

M

Table 4. Summary s

tatistics

for stream/low a

nd se

lect

ed water-quality properties

and constituents at

water-quality

stat

ion

07103747 Mo

nume

nt Cr

eek

at Palmer Lak

e

[ft3/s,

cubic

feet

per

second;

pS/c

m, mi

cros

ieme

ns pe

r ce

ntim

eter

at 25

de

gree

s Ce

lsiu

s; °C

, de

gree

Celsius; mg

/L,

mill

igra

ms pe

r li

ter;

Mg/L,

micr

ogra

ms per

liter; /100 mL,

colo

nies pe

r 10

0 milliliters; ---, no

st

ream

st

anda

rd;

E, estimated

using

meth

ods

described

by Hel

sel

and

Conn

(1988)

; <, le

ss th

an;

--,

insu

ffic

ient

data]

Property or

co

nsti

tuen

t

Inst

anta

neou

s st

reamflow

Spec

ific

conductance

pH Water

temp

erat

ure

Dissolved

oxyg

en

Diss

olve

d ch

lori

deDi

ssol

ved

sulf

ate

Suspended

solids

Nitr

ite

plus ni

trat

e as

nitr

ogen

Tota

l am

moni

a as

nitrogen

Un-i

oniz

ed am

moni

a as

nitr

ogen

Tota

l am

moni

a plus or

gani

cn-i

fr rog^n _

Total

orga

nic

nitrogen as

nitrogen

Tota

l phosphorus

Tota

l ca

dmiu

mTota

l re

cove

rabl

e copper

Diss

olve

d iron

Total

recoverable

iron

Tota

l recoverable

lead

Diss

olve

d manganese

Total

recoverable

mang

anes

eTota

l re

cove

rabl

e zi

nc

5-day

bioc

hemi

cal

oxyg

endemand

Tota

l coliform bac

teri

aFe

cal

coli

form

ba

cter

iaFe

cal

streptococcus

bact

eria

Units

ft3/s

pS/c

mst

anda

rd°C

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

mg/L

/100

mL

/100

mL

/100

mL

Numb

er

of

valu

es

209

206 95 209 94 83 78 93 97 98 59 56 32 37

64 65 54 68 65 56 68 66 79 7 82 47

Number

of

cens

ored

va

lues 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 39 36 0 10 0 7

55

5 0 0 27 3 0 28 0 0 9 0

Peri

od

of

M St

anda

rd

record

deviation

(water ye

ar)

1977

-88

1977

-88

1977

-88

1977

-88

1977

-88

1977

-88

1977

-88

1977

-88

1977

-88

1977

-88

1977-88

1984-88

1984

-88

1977

-80

1Q7*7_fifl

ly / /"oo

1978

-88

1984

-88

1977-88

1977

-88

1984

-88

1977

-88

1977

-88

1977

-88

1985

1977

-88

1985-88

8.9

162 7.

89.

69.

6

3.3

11 17 E

0.09 E

0.02 E

0.00

049

0.35 E

0.34

0.03 E

3 E

110

1,10

0 1

4 E

46 E

68 20 E

0.8

77 E

110

22 45 0.5

7.0

1.9

1.4

2.3

35 E

0.08 E

0.04 E

0.00

058

0.19

E

0.17

0.04 E

2 E

60

,400 5

E28

E

38 30 E 0.7

280

E150

Minimum

0.1

55 6.5

0.0

6.1

0.2

6.6

<1 0.01

<0.0

10.

0001

0

<0.2

0

0.16

<0.01

<1 20 40 <1 <10 30 2 0.

1

80 <1 2

Lowe

r quartile

0.9

130 7.

53.0

8.1

2.1

10 2 0.03

E

0.01

E

0.00

011

0.20

0.25

0.01

2 70

350 1

E20 40 6

E

0.4 --

3 10

Medi

an

1.9

164 7.

99.0

9.7

3.3

11 6 0.06

0.01

0.00

029

0.30

0.28

0.01

3100

520

12 40 70 10 0.6

10 40

Upper

quar

tile

6.8

198 8.

115

.011.0 4.3

13 14 0.10

0.03

0.00

068

0.40

0.40

0.03

514

0

,100

75 60 90 30 0.8 --

42

117

0

Maximum

168

250 9.

025

.013

.6 7.3

1827

0 0.33

0.23

0 . 002

8

0.90

0.84

0.19

13280

,800 35 130

230

180 5.

0

720

,800

620

Wate

r-

qual

ity

stand

ard

1

6.5-

9.0

5.0

250

250

10 0.1

___ 0.4

7300

4,400 6 50

1,00

0 50

2,000

1For st

ream

se

gmen

t 6

(Col

orad

o Departme

nt of

He

alth

, 1989).

2Det

ecti

on li

mit

of analyzing

equipment;

may

not

be an

ex

ceed

ance

of

standard.

N>

Table 5. Summary s

tati

stic

s for

stre

am fl

ow and

sele

cted

water-quality properties

and

constituents at

water-quality

stat

ion

0710

3780

Monument Cr

eek

above

Nort

h Ga

te Boulevard

at U

.S.

Air Fo

rce

Academy

[ft3/s,

cu

bic

feet

pe

r se

cond

; pS

/cm,

microsiemens per

centimeter at

25 de

gree

s Ce

lsiu

s; °C

, de

gree

Celsius; mg

/L,

mill

igra

ms pe

r li

ter;

Mg

/L,

micrograms pe

r li

ter;

/1

00 ml,

colo

nies per

100

milliliters; , no

st

ream

standard;

E, estimated

usin

g me

thod

s described

by

Hels

el and

Cohn (1988);

<, less th

an; , insufficient data]

Property or constituent

Instantaneous

stre

amflow

Spec

ific

co

nduc

tanc

ePH Wa

ter

temperature

Diss

olve

d ox

ygen

Diss

olve

d ch

lori

deDi

ssol

ved

sulf

ate

Suspended

solids

Nitr

ite

plus

ni

trat

e as

nitr

ogen

Total

ammo

nia

as nitrogen

Un- io

nize

d am

moni

a as

nitr

ogen

Total

ammo

nia

plus or

gani

cnitrogen

Total

orga

nic

nitrogen as

nitrogen

Total

cadm

ium

Total

reco

vera

ble

copper

Diss

olve

d ir

onTo

tal

recoverable

iron

Total

reco

vera

ble

lead

Diss

olve

d ma

ngan

ese

Total

reco

vera

ble

manganese

Total

reco

vera

ble

zinc

5-day biochemical

oxyg

ende

mand

Total

coli

form

bacteria

Fecal

coli

form

bacteria

Fecal

stre

ptoc

occu

sbacteria

Numb

er

Unit

s of

va

lues

ft3/s

MS/ cm

stan

dard

°C

»g/L

ng/L

»g/L

ng/L

ng/L

mg/L

»g/L

ng/L

ng/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

mg/L

/100

mL

/I 00

mL/1

00 mL

93 87 58 88 59 61 56 56 61 61 55 56 54 55 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 44

7 44 47

Numb

er

of

cens

ored

va

lues 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 45 0 1 0 29 0 0 16 0 0 3 0

Peri

odof

M

. Mean

record

(water y

ear)

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1985

-88

1985

-88

1985

-88

24 223 8.

010

.39.

9

10 22 44 E

0.60

0.85 E

0.011

1.7

0.87

512

0 E

1,40

0 5 E

73 160 21 E

4.3

51 E

150

Stan

dard

de

viat

ion

40 74 0.4

8.1

1.7

5.0

14 61 E

0.36

1.2

E0.012

1.4

0.51 2

100

E1,

400 14 E

41 280 21 E

1.8

73 E

200

.

. Lower

Minimum

. . .

qu

arti

le

1.100 7. 0. 6. 3. 11 <1 0. <0. 0. 0. 0. <1 1

<10

310 <1 10 50 <10 1. 13 <2 2

4 4.8

158

1 7.7

0 2.0

7 8.6

2 6.

215 8.

210

0.30

01

0.15

0003

5 0.

0028

40

0.82

10

0.57 3

50 620 1

E40 90 10

E

1 2.

7 8 35

Medi

an

1122

8 7.9

10.5 9.9

9.0

19 20 0.50

0.40

0.00

82

1.3

0.78 4 90 92

0 2 E

70 110 20 4.

0 24 64

Uppe

r quartile

22 262 8.

216

.511.2

13 25 64 0.80

1.05

0.013

2.0

1.1 6

160

2,00

0 5 90 160 30 5.9

68 160

Maximum

261

501 9.

329.0

14.2

28 110

376 1.

4

7.1

0.06

8.1

3.4

3 11580

6,40

0

100

250

2,200

130 8.

4

470

400

790

Wate

r-

qual

ity

stand

ard

1

6.5-

9.0

5.0

250

250

10 0.1

2 7300

8,20

0 30 501,

000 60

2,00

0

xFor st

ream

se

gmen

t 7

(Col

orad

o Departme

nt of

He

alth

, 19

89).

Tabl

e 6. Summary s

tati

stic

s for

streamflow an

d selected water-quality properties

and

cons

titu

ents

at

water-quality

stat

ion

07104000 Monument Cr

eek

at Pi

kevi

ew

[ft3/

s, cu

bic

feet

pe

r se

cond

; pS

/cm,

mi

cros

ieme

ns pe

r ce

ntim

eter

at

25 de

gree

s Celsius; °C

, de

gree

Ce

lsiu

s; mg

/L,

mill

igra

ms per

lite

r;

pg/L,

micr

ogra

ms pe

r li

ter;

/100 mL,

colo

nies pe

r 10

0 milliliters; , no

st

ream

standard;

E, estimated

usin

g me

thod

s de

scri

bed by

He

lsel

and

Cohn (1988);

<, less th

an; , in

suff

icie

nt data]

Prop

erty

or

co

nsti

tuen

t

Inst

anta

neou

s streamflow

Spec

ific

co

nduc

tanc

epH Wa

ter

temperature

Dissolved

oxyg

enHa

rdne

ss as ca

lciu

mcarbonate

Dissolved

calc

ium

Diss

olve

d magnesium

Dissolved

chlo

ride

Dissolved

sulf

ate

Susp

ende

d solids

Nitr

ite

plus ni

trat

e as

nitrogen

Total

ammo

nia

as nitrogen

Un- io

nize

d am

moni

a as

nitrogen

Total

ammo

nia

plus or

gani

cni

trog

enTo

tal

orga

nic

nitrogen as

nitrogen

Total

phosphorus

Tota

l ca

dmiu

mTo

tal

reco

vera

ble

copper

Diss

olve

d iron

Total

recoverable

iron

Total

reco

vera

ble

lead

Dissolved

manganese

Total

reco

vera

ble

mang

anes

eTo

tal

reco

vera

ble

nick

elTo

tal

sele

nium

Total

reco

vera

ble

zinc

5-day

bioc

hemi

cal

oxyg

ende

mand

Total

coli

form

bacteria

Fecal

coli

form

bacteria

Fecal

stre

ptoc

occu

s bacteria

Units

ft3/

spS/cm

stan

dard

°C

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

Mg/L

M8/L

Mg/L

M8/L

M8/L

Mg/L

M8/L

M8/L

M8/L

Mg/L

mg/L

/100

mL

/100

mL

/100

mL

Numb

erof

va

lues

249

243

147

244

146 15 15 15 104 99 136

150

150

124 99 95 65 102

103 81 110

102 84 110 23 26 107

127 9 94 48

Numb

erof

ce

nsor

edva

lues 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 23 0 0 0 1

74 2 10 0 16 14 0 2 2 4 0 0 10 0

Peri

odof

record

(water ye

ar)

1976-88

1976-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976-88

1976

-82

1976

-82

1976

-82

1977

-88

1977

-88

1977

-88

1976-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-82

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

619

76-8

819

81-8

819

76-8

819

81-8

319

76-8

31976-88

1976

-88

1985

1976-88

1985-88

Mean

33 335 7.

812.2 9.2

130 40 6.

113 55 271

E1.

3

0.26 E

0.00

39

1.2

0.96

0.24

E

0.72 E

11 E

81 E

,500 13

E

24 E

190 4

E2

E60 E

2.8

--37

0 E

400

Standard

deviation

52 88 0.4

8.6

2.0

31 10 1.3

7.2

1946

6 E

0.67

0.50

E

0.0071

0.95

0.76

0.19

E

1.2

E10 E

380

E9,700 19 E

21 E

230 3

E1

E70 E

2.8

--1,

100

E37

0

Mini

mum

1.1

105 6.

80.

05.

681 25 4.

10.20

18 <1 0.18

<0.0

1

Lower

quar

tile

8.8

285 7.

65.0

7.5

93 30 4.5

9.6

41 540.

70

0.02

0.00

0020

0.

0005

7

0.20

0.19

<0.0

1<1 <1 <10

150

2<1 6 20 <1 <1 2 0.

1

60 <1 43

0.60

0.56

0.11

0.3

E5 20

,400

33 10 80 3 1

30 0.9

-- 8100

Medi

an

1734

0 7.9

12.0 8.8

120 40 6.

312 56 131 1.

3

0.08

0.0013

1.0

0.80

0.16

0.5

E8 30

,600 8 20 130 4 2 401.9

-- 35 230

Uppe

r quartile

35 398 8.

119.0

10.9

160 507.

315 67 257

31.8

0.23

0.00

36

1.5

1.10

0.31

1 13 50

37,000

8614 30 200

16 2 70 4.

0

1170

763

0 1

Maximum

410

690 8.

730

.015.0

170 55 8.

069 100

,980 2.

9

3.3

0.036

6.6

6.40

0.86

7 79,400

,000 140

160

,900 15 3

520 15

,600

,900

,800

Wate

r-qu

alit

y stand

ard

1

___

6.5-

9.0

5.0

250

250 10 0.1

2 7

300

8,200 30 50

1,00

010

0 10 60

2,00

0 ---

1For st

ream

se

gmen

t 7

(Col

orad

o Departme

nt of

He

alth

, 19

89)

ro

Table

7. S

umma

ry s

tatistics

for

stream fl

ow a

nd s

elec

ted water-quality properties an

d constituents at

water-quality

station

07104905 Mo

nume

nt C

reek

at Bi

jou

Street at

Col

orad

o Springs

[ft3/

s, cu

bic

feet per

second;

pS/c

m, microsiemens per

cent

imet

er at

25 de

gree

s Ce

lsiu

s; °C,

degr

ee Ce

lsiu

s; mg/L,

mill

igra

ms pe

r li

ter;

Mg/L,

micrograms per

lite

r; /100 mL,

colo

nies per

100

milliliters; , no st

ream

st

anda

rd;

E, estima

ted

usin

g me

thod

s described

by

Hels

el and

Conn

(1988);

<, less than]

Prop

erty

or constituent

Inst

anta

neou

s st

reamflow

Spec

ific

co

nduc

tanc

epH Wa

ter

temperature

Dissolved

oxyg

enHa

rdne

ss as

ca

lciu

mca

rbon

ate

Diss

olve

d ca

lciu

mDi

ssol

ved

magn

esiu

mDissolved

chlo

ride

Diss

olve

d su

lfat

eSu

spen

ded

solids

Nitr

ite

plus

ni

trat

e as

nitrogen

Tota

l am

moni

a as

nitrogen

Un-ionized am

moni

a as

nitr

ogen

Total

ammo

nia

plus

or

gani

cnitrogen

Total

orga

nic

nitr

ogen

as

nitr

ogen

Tota

l phosphorus

Tota

l ca

dmiu

mTo

tal

reco

vera

ble

copper

Diss

olve

d ir

onTo

tal

reco

vera

ble

iron

Total

reco

vera

ble

lead

Diss

olve

d ma

ngan

ese

Tota

l re

cove

rabl

e manganese

Tota

l re

cove

rabl

e nickel

Total

sele

nium

Tota

l re

cove

rabl

e zinc

5-da

y biochemical

oxyg

ende

mand

Tota

l co

lifo

rm bacteria

Fecal

coli

form

bacteria

Feca

l st

rept

ococ

cus

bact

eria

Units

ft3/

suS/cm

stan

dard

°C

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

mg/L

/I 00 ml

/100 ml

/I 00

ml

Numb

er

of

valu

es

100

100 95 100 98 12 12 12 69 69 99 100 99 84 90 81 20 94 95 78 95 95 81 95 23 23 94 81 16 53 49

Numb

er

of

censored

values 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 0 65 0 13 1 9 37 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 1

Period

of

record

(wat

er ye

ar)

1980

-88

1980

-88

1980

-88

1980

-88

1980

-88

1981-82

1981

-82

1981-82

1983

-88

1983

-88

1980

-88

1980

-88

1980

-88

1980

-88

1981

-88

1981

-88

1980-82

1980

-88

1980

-88

1981

-88

1980

-88

111980-88

1981

-88

1980

-88

1981

-83

1981

-83

1980

-88

1980

-88

1984-85

619

80-8

81984-88

1

Mean

47 478 8.

012.6 9.2

190 58 12 16 95

463

E1.9

0.15

E

0.00

34

1.2

E

1.0

0.28

0.7

E18 40 E

,000

1418

E

11 E

270 8 3 80 E

3.8

,100

20920

E 2

,800 E

5

Stan

dard

deviation

87 141 0.

38.8

2.0

50 15 3.4

8.4

40 613

E1.

06

0.19 E

0.00

38

0.72

E

0.62

0.17

0.7

E23 60

E

,000 19

E

7 E

310 4 180

E

3.2

,000

,400 E

,200

E

Mini

mum

7.5

130 7.

20.0

5.3

120 37 6.

83.

722 <1 0.

12

<0.0

1

Lower

quart ile

1638

0 7.8

5.1

7.6

137 42 8.

012 64 146 1.

0

0.03

0.000050 0.

0008

8

<0.2

0

0.01

0.07

<1 4<1

0<1

0 3

<1 5 10 3 1<1

0 0.5

130 <4 38

0.70

0.61

0.16

0.49

E

9 10,9

00

66 6

E12

0 5 2 401.5

440

128 190

Medi

an

25 480 8.

113.0 9.0

210 64 14 15 99 282 1.

8

0.07

0.00

24

1.0

0.85

0.23

0.71

E

11 20,8

00

1212 9

170 8 3 50 2.

7

,200

1

170

500

1

Uppe

r qu

arti

le

46 587 8.

219

.211.0

240 72 14 18 120

516

32.

5

0.18

0.0042

1.5

1.2

0.39

1 18 40,000

8622 10

280

210 4 80 5.

0

,600

80640

16,350

35

Maximum

800

755 8.

531

.513.2

260 75 17 61 180

,460 5.

8

1.1

0.023

4.2

3.8

0.65

6150

530

,000 110 30

,200 21 6

500 19

,000

,000

,000

Wate

r-

qual

ity

stand

ard

1

6.5-

9.0

5.0

250

250

10 0.1

2 730

08,200 30 50

1,00

010

0 10 60

2,000 ---

1For st

ream

se

gmen

t 7

(Col

orad

o Department of

He

alth

, 19

89).

N3

Table 8. Summary stat

isti

cs for st

ream

flow

and

selected wat

er-q

uali

ty properties

and

cons

titu

ents

at

wa

ter-

qual

ity

stat

ion

07103700 Fou

ntai

n Cr

eek near C

olorado

Spri

ngs

[ft3/s, cubic

feet

per se

cond

; (j

S/cm

, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; °C,

degree Celsius; mg

/L,

milligrams per li

ter;

Mg

/L,

micrograms per li

ter;

/1

00 ml,

colonies per 100

milliliters; --

-, no stream standard;

E, estimated us

ing

methods described by

Helsel and

Cohn (1

988)

; <,

le

ss th

an; , insufficient data]

Prop

erty

or constituent

Instantaneous

streamflow

Spec

ific

co

nduc

tanc

epH Wa

ter

temp

erat

ure

Dissolved

oxyg

enHa

rdne

ss as

ca

lciu

mcarbonate

Dissolved

calc

ium

Diss

olve

d magnesium

Diss

olve

d ch

lori

deDissolved

sulf

ate

Susp

ende

d solids

Nitr

ite

plus

ni

trat

e as

nitrogen

Total

ammo

nia

as nitrogen

Un-i

oniz

ed am

moni

a as

nitr

ogen

Total

ammonia

plus

org

anic

nitrogen

Total

orga

nic

nitrogen as

nitrogen

Total

phosphorus

Tota

l ca

dmiu

mTo

tal

reco

vera

ble

copp

erDi

ssol

ved

iron

Total

recoverable

iron

Tota

l re

cove

rabl

e le

adDissolved

manganese

Tota

l re

cove

rabl

e manganese

Tota

l re

cove

rabl

e ni

ckel

Total

selenium

Tota

l re

cove

rabl

e zinc

5-day

biochemical

oxyg

ende

mand

Total

coli

form

ba

cter

iaFe

cal

coli

form

ba

cter

ia

Units

ft3/s

(jS/cm

stan

dard

°C

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

mg/L

/100

ml

/100

mL

Fecal

streptococcus

bacteria /1

00 ml

Numb

er

of

valu

es

267

259

140

262

145 15 15 15 103 98 134

148

147

104

"TOO

74 63 100

102 82 109

102 85 109 24 27 102

123 16 105 54

Number

Peri

od

of

of

M St

anda

rd

censored

reco

rd

devi

atio

n va

lues

(water y

ear)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 38 0 9 0 6 78 3 5 0 30 0 0 4 247 0 0 1 0

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

, 1981

1976,

1981

1976

, 1981

1977

-88

1977

-88

1977

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-82

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1981

-82

1976

-82

1976

-88

1976

-88

1984

-85

1976

-88

1984

-88

1731

3 7.9

8.6

10.0

110 35 6.

814 17 61 E

0.81

0.05 E

0.00

091

0.81

E

0.87

0.05 E

6 E

77 E

2,400

67

E48 150 4 40 E

1.3

2,000

593

0 E

438

0

20 920.

35.

71.6

27 8.2

1.7

8.6

3.9

129

E0.

27

0.06

E

0.00

12

1.83 E

2.10

0.05 E

6 E

110

E,2

00 8 E

23 280 4 30 E

1.4

,600

,800

E

420

Mini

mum

3.8

100 7.

10.

06.

254 17 2.

92.6

5.8

<1 0.20

<0.0

1

Lowe

r qu

arti

le

7.8

258 7.

74.

08.

996 29 5.

89.

915 7 0.

61

0.01

0.00

0020

0.

0002

8

0.14

0.11

<0.0

1<1 <1 <10

140 <1 10 40 <1 <1 <10 0.

1

25 2 7

0.30

0.32

0.02

340 510 2

E30 80 2 20 0.

7

140 24 52

Medi

an

Upp"

quartile

1031

5 7.9

8.5

10.0

120 37 7.

413 17 21 0.

80

0.02

0.00

057

0.50

0.47

0.04

457 870

24 45 100 3 -- 30 0.

9

500

114

022

0

1636

0 8.2

13.5

11.2

130 39 7.

717 20 491.

0

0.05

0.0011

0.74

0.74

0 07

7 72,000

588 60 140

24 401.

4

,300

2342

0 46

470

1

Water-

.

qual

ity

Maxi

mum

^ .

,'

stand

ard

1

172

750 8 22 15 160 50 9 77 26 780 1 0 0 17 17

0 17 39 790

,000 53 160

,900 22 3

240 11

,000

,000

,600

.5

6.5-

9.0

.0 .3

26.0-(7.0)

.1250

250

.7

10

.45

.0096

20 _--

31

1.4

1030

01,

350 25 50

1,00

0100 10 50

2,000 ---

1For stream segment

1 (Colorado

Department of

He

alth

, 1989).

2The larger value ap

plie

s during periods of

spawning of

cold-water fi

sh.

Table 9. Summary s

tati

stics

for

stream fl

ow and s

elec

ted wa

ter-

qual

ity properties

and c

onst

itue

nts

at

water-

qual

ity

station

07105500 F

ount

ain Cr

eek

at C

olor

ado

Spri

ngs

[ft3/s,

cubic

feet per

second;

uS/c

m, mi

cros

ieme

ns pe

r ce

ntim

eter

at 25 de

gree

s Celsius; °C

, de

gree

Celsius; mg

/L,

milligrams pe

r li

ter;

Mg/L,

micrograms per

lite

r; /1

00 mL,

colo

nies

pe

r 10

0 mi

llil

iter

s; , no

st

ream

st

anda

rd;

E, es

tima

ted

usin

g me

thod

s de

scri

bed

by

Hels

el and

Conn

(1988);

<, less than]

Property or co

nsti

tuen

t

Inst

anta

neou

s streamflow

Spec

ific

conductance

pH Wate

r temperature

Dissolved

oxyg

enHa

rdne

ss as

ca

lciu

mca

rbon

ate

Dissolved

calc

ium

Dissolved

magn

esiu

mDissolved

chlo

ride

Diss

olve

d su

lfat

eSuspended

solids

Nitr

ite

plus

ni

trat

e as

nitrogen

Total

ammo

nia

as nitrogen

Un-ionized am

moni

a as

nitrogen

Total

ammo

nia

plus or

gani

cnitrogen

Total

orga

nic

nitrogen as

nitrogen

Tota

l ph

osph

orus

Total

cadm

ium

Total

reco

vera

ble

copp

erDi

ssol

ved

iron

Total

recoverable

iron

Total

reco

vera

ble

lead

Diss

olve

d ma

ngan

ese

Tota

l re

cove

rabl

e manganese

Total

reco

vera

ble

nick

elTotal

selenium

Total

recoverable

zinc

5-day bio

chem

ical

ox

ygen

dema

ndTotal

coliform bac

teri

aFe

cal

coliform bac

teri

aFe

cal

stre

ptoc

occu

s bacteria

Unit

s

ft3/s

MS/ cm

stan

dard

°C

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

mg/L

/100

mL

/I 00

mL/1

00 mL

,

Number

Numb

er

ff ,

cens

ored

va

lues

,

valu

es

306

283

139

285

141 15 15 15 110 98 133

139

139

119 97 86 64 99 100 79 105

100 81 104 23 24 103

125 15 99 48

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 1 1 0 721 11 0 12 4 0 1 1 0 0 0 3 0

Peri

odof

Standard

. Mean

. ...

record

devi

atio

n(w

ater

year)

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-84

1976

-84

1976

-84

1977

-88

1977

-88

1977

-88

1976

-88

1976-88

1976-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976-82

1976

-88

1977

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1981

-83

1976

-83

1976

-88

1976

-88

1984-85

1976

-88

1984

-88

70583 7.

913

.0 9.3

200 56 14 20 130

266 1.

6

0.42 E

0.0065

1.1

E

0.87

E

0.50

0.67

E

12 E

160

E6,

300

816

E

64 E

250 6

E3

E70 4.

2

6,90

0 20

470

E90

0 1

150

208 0.

38.

11.7

64 17 5.5

11 7135

3 0.76

1.33

E

0.01

5

0.74

E

0.53 E

0.66

0.55 E

10 E

390

E,400 29 E

52 E

240 3

E1

E60 4.

5

,000 730

E,200

u.

. Lower

Mini

mum

. . ,

qu

a r tile

3.152 6. 0. 6. 98 29 6. 4. 14 1 0. <0. 0. <0.

<0. 0. <1 <1 <10

200 <1

<10 70 <1 <1 10 0.

230 <4 50

0 18

435

7 7.7

0 5.0

2 8.0

152 43

3 10

1 13 68 62

30

1.0

01

0-03

000020 0.

0006

7

20

0.60

01

0.54

02

0.13

0.53

E

6 172,

000

44 30 150 4 2 40

20

1.5

310

150 180

Medi

an

3359

2 7.9

13 9.1

210 59 15 19 120

149 1.

4

0.08

0.0017

0.90

0.76

0.33

0.71

E

10 30,300 850 200 6 3 60 3.

0

,400 180

400

^P

. Maximum

quart li

e

63 700 8. 20.

10.

260 72 19 24 160

316 2. 0. 0. 1. 1. 0. 0. 14 70

6,900 19 80 260 8 4 80 5.

2,40

052

098

0

1,63

01,280

1 8.6

0 28

.56

13.5

290 80 22 100

390

2,210

1 3.

9

27

1400

44

0.13

4 3.

8

0 3.4

58

4.6

97 E

4 832,500

69,0

00 250

290

2,300 16 7

460

6 29

80,000

3,600

5,500

Wate

r-

qual

ity

stand

ard

1

6.5-

9.0

5.0

250

600

10

1020

030

0

50 150

200 10

2,000

2,000 ---

1For

st

ream

se

gmen

t 2

(Colorado

Department

of

He

alth

, 1989).

oe

Tabl

e 10. Summary s

tati

stic

s fo

r streamflow and selected water-quality pro

pert

ies

and

constituents at

wa

ter-

qual

ity

stat

ion

07105530 Fou

ntai

n Cr

eek be

low

Jani

tell

Road bel

ow Col

orad

o Sp

ring

s

[ft3/s, cu

bic

feet

pe

r se

cond

; pS

/cm,

mi

cros

ieme

ns pe

r centimeter at

25 de

gree

s Celsius; °C

, de

gree

Celsius; mg

/L,

mill

igra

ms pe

r li

ter;

pg/L,

micr

ogra

ms pe

r li

ter;

/100 mL

, co

loni

es pe

r 10

0 milliliters; , no

st

ream

standard;

E, es

tima

ted

usin

g me

thod

s described

by

Hels

el and

Conn (1988);

<, less than]

Prop

erty

or constituent

Instantaneous

streamflow

Spec

ific

co

nduc

tanc

epH Water

temperature

Dissolved

oxyg

enHa

rdne

ss as ca

lciu

mcarbonate

Dissolved

calc

ium

Dissolved ma

gnes

ium

Dissolved

chlo

ride

Diss

olve

d su

lfat

eSuspended

solids

Nitr

ite

plus ni

trat

e as

nitrogen

Total

nipi

»nni

a as nitrogen

Un-ionized am

moni

a as

nitrogen

Total

ammo

nia

plus or

gani

cnitrogen

Tota

l organic

nitr

ogen

as

nitrogen

Total

phosphorus

Tota

l ca

dmiu

mTo

tal

recoverable

copper

Dissolved

iron

Total

reco

vera

ble

iron

Total

reco

vera

ble

lead

Diss

olve

d ma

ngan

ese

Total

reco

vera

ble

manganese

Total

reco

vera

ble

nick

elTo

tal

sele

nium

Total

reco

vera

ble

zinc

5 -day biochemical

oxyg

ende

mand

Total

col i f

orm

bact

eria

Feca

l co

lifo

rm b

acte

ria

Feca

l st

rept

ococ

cus

bact

eria

Units

ft3/s

pS/c

mst

anda

rd°C

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

ng/L

mg/L

mg/L

TBg/t

mg/L

M8/L

Mg/L

Hg/L

Hg/L

M8/L

Hg/L

HgA

Mg/L

M8/L

M8/L

mg/L

/100

mL

/100 mL

/100 mL

Numb

er

of

valu

es

116

116

112

116

115 40 40 40 37 25 103

114

108

103 99

92^

32 35 39 40 39 36 40 31 32 32 39 97 16 67 49

Numb

er

of

cens

ored

va

lues 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 6 0 21 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 0

Peri

od

of

record

(wat

er ye

ar)

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976-85

1976-85

1976-85

1981

-85

1982

-85

1979

-88

1976

-88

1076-ftft

1976

-88

1976

-88

T976^S8

1976

-82

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976-85

1976

-88

319

76-8

51976-85

1976-87

1981

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1984-85

1019

76-8

819

84-8

8 1

Mean

109

711 7.

613.5 8.4

170 45 14 33 130

171

E1.5

7.8

F.0.

11

12 47trrE

4.6

0.88 E

18 52,5

00 14 E

100

240 19 5

E120 15

,300 720

E,900

Stan

dard

de

viat

ion

71 151 0.

35.

71.

433 8.

43 13 37 222

E0.90

3.8

E0.

24

6.1

5.0 E

1.9

0.24

E12 33

4,40

0 11 E

56 160 13 2

E70 7.

7

20,0

001,

100

E2,

300

Minimum

20 240 6.

80.

55.

973 21 5 8 44 <1 0.

40

<0.01

0.00

037

2.4

<0.01

0.54

<1.0 5 9

360

1,<1 6 1 5 <1 30 2.

0

700

1,4

110

Lowe

r qu

arti

le

67 622 7.

39.

07.

2160 42 13 24 120 46 0.

94

5.1

0.03

5

8.8

1.3

3.2

0.80

E

11 34 000

25 62 160 11 3 80 9.

0

500

363 305

1

Median

86 746 7.

613.0 8.3

180 47 15 33 140 861.

3

7^5

0.062

11 2.4

4.4

0.91

E

16 46,0

00 12 100

180 16 5

100 14.0

,200

340

,000

Uppe

r qu

arti

le

130

820 7.

818

.0 9.1

196 51 17 40 170

196

11.8

JU

0.12

15 T7Z

5.6

1.0

E20 55

3,20

0 21

21 120

260 25 6

130 19

9,500

8080

0 4

2,200

8

Maximum

415

950 9.

325.0

12.4

210 59 19 84 180

,120 5.

2

20 2.4

37 30 9.7

2.0

80 160

,000 46 290

780 76 7

420 38

,000

,300

,300

Wate

r-

qual

ity

stand

ard

1

6.5-

9.0

5.0

250

600

10 ___

---

1020

030

0

50 150

200 10

2,000

2,00

0 ---

1For

st

ream

se

gmen

t 2

(Col

orad

o Department

of

He

alth

, 19

89).

Tabl

e 11. Summary

statis

tics for

stream flo

w an

d selected w

ater-quality pro

pert

ies

and

constituents at

water-quality

stat

ion

0710

5905

Fo

unta

in C

reek

ab

ove Little F

ount

ain

Cree

k below Fo

unta

in

[fta/

s, cubic

feet p

er second;

pS/cm, microsiemeos per

centimeter at

25

de

gree

s Celsius; °C

, degree Celsius; mg

/L,

milligrams per

lite

r;

pg/L,

micr

ogra

ms per

lite

r; /100 ml,

colonies pe

r 10

0 mi

llil

iter

s; ---, no

st

ream

st

anda

rd;

E, estimated

usin

g me

thod

s described

by

Hels

el and

Cohn

(1988);

<, less th

an]

Prop

erty

or

co

nsti

tuen

t

Instantaneous

streamflow

Spec

ific

conductance

PH Water

temperature

Dissolved

oxyg

enHa

rdne

ss as ca

lciu

mcarb

onat

eDi

ssol

ved

calcium

Diss

olve

d magnesium

Dissolved

chlo

ride

Dissolved

sulf

ate

Suspended

solids

Nitr

ite

plus

ni

trat

e as

nitrogen

to T

otal am

moni

a as ni

trog

en*° Un-

ioni

zed

ammo

nia

asnitrogen

Tota

l am

moni

a plus or

gani

cni

trog

enTo

tal

orga

nic

nitrogen a

snitrogen

Total

phos

phor

usTotal

cadm

ium

Total

reco

vera

ble

copper

Diss

olve

d iron

Tota

l recoverable

iron

Tota

l recoverable

lead

Diss

olve

d manganese

Tota

l recoverable

manganese

Tota

l recoverable

nick

elTo

tal

sele

nium

Tota

l recoverable

zinc

5 -day biochemical ox

ygen

dema

ndTo

tal

coliform bac

teri

aFecal

coliform bac

teri

aFecal

streptococcus

bact

eria

Units

ft3/

s(j

S/cm

stan

dard

°C

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

»g/L

»g/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

H8/L

Mg/L

H8/L

M8/L

H8/L

M8/L

M8/L

M8/L

M8/L

M8/L

mg/L

/I 00 mL

/I 00 mL

/100

mL

Numb

er

of

valu

es

142

141

135

140

135 17 17 17 32 32 130

139

138

no 99 96 59 40 43 17 48 40 17 39 32 32 48 128 18 97 51

Numb

er

of

cens

ored

va

lues 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 24 0 4 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0

Peri

od

of

reco

rd

(water ye

ar)

1976

-88

1976

-88

119

76-8

819

76-8

819

76-8

819

76-8

4

1976

-84

1976

-84

1977-85

1977-85

1977

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-82

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

619

76-8

81976-85

1976

-83

1981

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1984

-85

1019

76-8

8 1

1984

-88

Mean

106

,110 7.

713

.6 8.2

390

100 34 60 370

216 3.

6

2.5

E0.

029

4.8

2.5

E

2.6

0.90 E

21 30,600 15

E

240

430 16 6 90 17

,000

,100

E

980

Standard

devi

atio

n

257

309 0.

37.

71.

613

0 38 10 13 96 399 1.

0

2.5

E0.32

4.0

3.1

E

1.6

0.82 E

30 3914,000 32

E

110

420 9 2

120 12

18,000

2,400

E1,900

Minimum

9.1

353 6.

60.

04.

9210 27 19 26 190 1 0.

26

<0.0

10.

0001

9

0.50

<0.01

0.04

<1 4 <3210

1,<1 24 120 6 3

201

420

1,<1

0 50

Lowe

r qu

arti

le

35 950

17.5

8.0

6.8

290 75 28 53 310 543.

1

0.36

0.00

50

1.8

1.0

1.4

0.53

E

9 930

0 3

317

028

0 10 5 32 7.8

300

380 120

Median

61,100 7.

813

.0 8.1

390

100 35 61 345

105 3.

7

1.5

0.017

3.9

1.5

2.3

0.82

E

13 20,000 6

270

350 14 6 60 16

,900 320

340

Uppe

r qu

arti

le

101

1,290 7.

919

.4 9.5

430

110 40 69 420

210 4.

2

3.9

0.04

7

6.3

2.5

3.3

1.27

20 306,600 16

320

430 217 90 25

14,000

1,10

084

0

Maximum

3,000

2,12

0 8.2

30.0

13.2

710

190 58 87 590

3,960 7.

7

10 0.15

20 20 9.3

315

017

097

,000 200

350

2,800 47 13

650 62

80,0

0017,000

10,000

Water-

qual

ity

stand

ard

1

6.5-

9.0

5.0

250

600 10

10200

300

50 150

200 10

2,00

0

2,00

0 ---

1For st

ream

se

gmen

t 2

(Col

orad

o Department of He

alth

, 19

89).

Tabl

e 12. Summary

stat

isti

cs for

stre

am fl

ow a

nd s

elec

ted wa

ter-

qual

ity properties an

d co

nsti

tuen

ts at

water-quality station

0710

6500

Fou

ntai

n Cr

eek

at Pu

eblo

[ft3/s, cubic

feet

pe

r se

cond

; pS/cm, mi

cros

ieme

ns pe

r ce

ntim

eter

at

25 de

gree

s Celsius; °C

, degree Celsius; mg/L,

mill

igra

ms pe

r li

ter;

Mg/L,

micr

ogra

ms pe

r li

ter;

/1

00 ml

, co

loni

es pe

r 10

0 mi

llil

iter

s; , no

st

ream

st

anda

rd;

E, estimated

usin

g me

thod

s described

by

Hels

el and

Cohn

(1988);

<, less than]


Inst

anta

neou

s st

reamflow

Spec

ific

co

nduc

tanc

ePH Wa

ter

temperature

Diss

olve

d ox

ygen

Hard

ness

as ca

lciu

mcarbonate

Diss

olve

d ca

lciu

mDi

ssol

ved

magnesium

Suspended

solids

Nitr

ite

plus

ni

trat

e as

nitrogen

Total

ammo

nia

as nitrogen

Un-ionized am

moni

a as

nitrogen

Tota

l am

moni

a plus or

gani

cnitrogen

Tota

l or

gani

c nitrogen as

nitrogen

Tota

l phosphorus

Tota

l ca

dmiu

mTo

tal

reco

vera

ble

copper

Diss

olve

d ir

onTotal

reco

vera

ble

iron

Total

reco

vera

ble

lead

Diss

olve

d ma

ngan

ese

Total

reco

vera

ble

manganese

Tota

l re

cove

rabl

e nickel

Tota

l se

leni

um

.Total

recoverable

zinc

5-day biochemical

oxyg

ende

mand

Tota

l co

lifo

rm bac

teri

aFe

cal

coli

form

bacteria

Fecal

stre

ptoc

occu

s ba

cter

ia

Units

ft3/

sMS

/ cm

stan

dard

°C

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

mg/L

/lOO

mL/l

OOmL

/lOO

mL

Number

of

valu

es

266

265 89 225 92 11 11 11 88 90 88 84 87 86 10 20 20 11 20 20 11 20 20 20 20 75 12 43 43

Numb

er

of

cens

ored

va

lues 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 13 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1

Peri

odof

Standard

, Mean

, .

. .

reco

rd

deviation

(water ye

ar)

1976

-88

1976

-88

1981

-88

1976

-88

1981

-88

1981

-82

1981

-82

1981

-82

1981

-88

1981

-88

1981

-88

1981

-88

1981

-88

1981

-88

1981

-83

1981

-83

1981

-83

1981

-82

1981

-83

1981

-83

1981

-82

1981

-83

1981

-83

1981

-83

1981

-83

1981

-88

1985

1985

-88

1985

-88

125

1,590 8.

115.6 9.2

520

130 48 576

14.

7 E

0.41

E

0.00

89

2.3

E

1.9

1.0

0.75

E

23 17 E

15,000

1614 E

24450 20 32 120 9.

0

4,80

0 5

670

E 2

1,700

E 4

162

796 0.

38.

52.

1140 31 17

,0601.5

E

0.77

E

0.012

1.8

E

1.5

0.66

0.9Q E

19 14 E

,000 15

E

43 460 15 45 907.

3

,100

,100 E

,200

E

14

Lower

M , .

Up

per

M Minimum

. ,

Median

er .

. ..

Maximum

quart li

e qua r til

e

0566 7 0 4

320 83 286 <0 <0 0 0 0 0 <1 4 <3 80 <13

30 2 1 101

540 <4 29

.1

241,

180

.3

8..0

8.

.5

7.400

100 36 124

.10

3.

.01

0..0

0050

0.

.20

1.

.13

0.

.24

0. 0..0

0 12 6

3,900 6 6

140 10 14 60

.0

3.

1,20

0 37210

741,410

10

8.2

5 16

.08

9.0

520

130 47 264

6 4.6

06

0.08

0024

0 0

. 004

0

1 1.

8

92

1.5

43

0.93

47 E

0.74

E19 15

9,80

0 21

12 931

5 14 18 100

8 6.

6

2,200

7130

390

1

149

,800 8. 22.

11.

610

150 58 486 5. 0. 0. 3. 2. 1. 124 23

,800 18 20 610 24 27 140 12

,900 320

,000

1,100

6,000

3 8.

75

33.0

0 15

.277

0

180 78

6,760

4 11

32

4.1

0090

0.

070

0 12

1 8.

5

8 2.0

2 4 80 50

55,0

00 69 150

1,70

0 60 200

370 34

15,000

13,000

24,0

00

Wate

r-

qual

ity

stand

ard

1

6.5-

9.0

5.0

10

10200

300 50 150

200 10

2,00

0

2,000 ---

1For

st

ream

se

gmen

t 2

(Col

orad

o De

part

ment

of

He

alth

, 19

89).

10,000 c

CJ COD CJ

OQ

LU

O LU

CO

1,000

100

10

0.1

MONUMENT CREEK

1976-88 249

1980-88 100

O

1977-88 209

FOUNTAIN CREEK

1976-88 306

1976-88 267

1976-88 142

1976-88 116

1976-88 266

07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530 07105905

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATION NUMBER Figure 3. Variations in instantaneous streamflow.

07106500

6,UUU

LU

LU

P

2 5,000CJtr.LUQ_

z wLU ^ 4,000

LU -<

cj "^^ "c 3,000

Z LU

CJ CN

< < 2,000CJ

QZ O5J 1,000LL. CJLUQ_ CO

n

MONUMENT CREEK FOUNTAIN CREEK «««,/n1 976-88 ' ^*

265 o

_ _

o -

1DB -

1976-88 Q141

B1976-88 1976-88 ^

283 1161976-88 +

1980-88 259 H i ' i1976-88 100 H A T

- 1QRA-fift 243 I *

87 ^ r-4-.1977-88 n I Q [H | h^» I

206 pj U I ^ I Q | + [ \ I

^ dt ^ I ^ I B07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATION NUMBER Figure 4. Variations in specific conductance.

07105905 07106500

31

10MONUMENT CREEK

1977-88 95

1984-88 58

D

FOUNTAIN CREEK1976-88

112

1976-88 147 1976

13988

1981-88 89

1976-88 135

D D

D

D

07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 071037

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURV

Figure 5.

00 07105500 07105530

EY STATION NUMBER

in pH.

07105905 07106500

Variations

40MONUMENT CREEK

1984-88 88

1976-88 244

1980-88 100

301977-88 209

20

£ 10

FOUNTAIN CREEK

197l>-88 2ii5

1976-88 262

1976-88 225

1976-88 140

1976-88 116

07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY07105500 07105530

ON NUMBER

07105905 07106500

Figure 6.--Variations

EY STATH:

in water temperature

32

20

QCUJ

QC UJ Q.

15 - 1977-88 94

10

UJ

O QUJ

O

Q

MONUMENT CREEK

1976-88 146

FOUNTAIN CREEK

1976-88 145

1981-88 92

1976-88141

1976-88 115

1976-88 135

g

07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530 07105905 07106500

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATION NUMBER

Figure 7. Variations in concentrations of dissolved oxygen.

800

UJs 600

cnb

<$op£

QQC

400

200

MONUMENT CREEK FOUNTAIN CREEK nco1976-84 17 1981-82

1981-82 12

1976-84 15

1976-82 15 1976, 1981

'

07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530 07105905 07106500

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATION NUMBER Figure 8. Variations in hardness as calcium carbonate.

33

200MONUMENT CREEK FOUNTAIN CREEK

1976-84 17

1981-82 11

150

£E 100

1981-82 12

1976-84 15

1976-82 15

50

1976,1^81 15

1976-85 40

07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVIEY07105500 07105530

STATION NUMBER07105905 07106500

Figure 9. Variations in concentrations of dissolved calcium.

80MONUMENT CREEK FOUNTAIN CPEEK

1981-82 11

60

1976-8417

D

40

201981-82

12

1976-84 15

1976-82 15

1976,198115

07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905


Figure 10. Variations in concentrations

07103VOO 071D5500 07105530 07105905 07106500

EY STATION NUMBER

of dissolved magnesium.

100

QCLUI-

-1 80QC 80LU Q.

S

2

I] 60_i

SZ

LU Q

S «_i

OQ LU

?n 20c/)Q

^ "^^ 1977 88MONUMENT CREEK FOUNTAIN CREEK no

1981-851977-85

3237

1977-88103

_1977-88 n

104 w

O 1983-8869

O

D

1984-88 Q

61 IBD n V n

1977-88 | ' | »

83 » I **

^

LJ

k- i i

D 2o i- LUO

LL

COz

07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530 07105905 07106500


Figure 11. Variations in concentrations of dissolved chloride.

600MONUMENT CREEK FOUNTAIN CREEK

1977-85' 32

QCLU

QC LU Q.(/)

< QC

1977-88 98

400

200Q LU

C/5 Q

1984-88 56 1977-88

99

1977-88 78

1977-88 98

1982-85 25

07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATION NUMBER07105905 07106500

Figure 12.--Variations in concentrations of dissolved sulfate.

35

crUJ

Zj crUJ G- 1,000 CO2DC

_J _J

2

100CO Q

JS NITRATE AS NITROGEN, IN SUSPENDED SOL

LLIGRAMS PER LITER

o 01 - °

5^2 5UJ

Et-z.

0

Fi

: MONUMENT CREEK FOL- 1977-88-^ 1980-88 ] 136 Q "

o "Q D 19^

D 1

- 1984-88 UCC H

1Q77 flfl 3O i i

- 93 0 (

o , , ^~^ DO T

" 8 JLM

JNTAIN C

1£

7-88 (4

)! -i -

ÊEK 1977-88 /r>. I 130 ' O

77-88 1981-88 133 0 88 ;

Q 1979-88 9

0 1 °3 8 '

-+

-*- ^^ i

-

" f ~^~ ~^~ 1

-'

t -

07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURN

Figure 13. --Variations in cone

MONUMENT CREEK FO

1980-88 100

D

1976-88 150 1971

It

1984-88C-1 i 1 i c

1977-fifi . ^ ^07 ^ " i I __ ̂

n b^rd I

07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 0710

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SUR

gure 14. --Variations in concentratio

-

700 07105500 07105530 07105905 07106500

'EY STATION NUMBER

Bntrations of suspended solids.

JNTAIN d

1£

1-88is

a3700 07

i/EY STA'

us of n

REEK

1981-88 90

0

1976-88

139 1O

1976-88 114 Q

76-88 139

8D !_._. *

D I i I

+ » n~r -y- y

Q1 05500 07105530 07105905 07106500

riON NUMBER

itrite plus nitrate as nitrog

36

20

15

cc

LU CO CL

10

MONUMENT CREEK

-

-

1984-8861

O

1976-88150

O

o_ 1980-88

n 0 991977-88 T W "

98 1 Q

^ * Ed

FOUNTAIN CREEK " \1976-88

1976-88139

O

108

1976-88138

D

*

1981-8888

O

Q1976-88 Q

OO_

8i

07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530 07105905 07106500


Figure 15. Variations in concentrations of total ammonia as nitrogen.

MONUMENT CREEK FOUNTAIN CREEK

1976-88 103

O0.4

Z LU

OCLU

< LU

0.3

0.2

Q=!LU ^N "^

Z O

D

Note: A value of 2.35 mg/L at station 07105530 is not plotted. 1976-88

119

O

0.1

1976-88 130

07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530


Figure 16.--Variations in concentrations of un-ionized ammonia as nitrogen.

37

40

30

20

10

O l

MONUMENT CREEK

-

_

1OO A OQ1 984-88

~ 56 1976-88

O " 1981-88o 90

1984-88 n g O

a E$3 F^p^ ^^07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905

FOUNTAIN CREEK 1976-8899O

O

-

D

D1976-88

99

1976-88 O100

O

S 1«JR1-««

n 87o

0

0 Q4

07103

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVFigure 17 .--Variations ir

ammonia plus orj

30

20

10

MONUMENT CREEK

1976-88

95

n 1981-88 1984-88 U 81

54

n * o1984-88 Q Q

32 D "

n i | i i | i I f l

07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905

FOU

1975

(

B

^

DB-88

T} ife i ^H

700 071<)5500 07105530 07105905 07106500

EY STATION NUMBER

i concentrations of total;anic nitrogen.

NTAIN CP EEK W \1976-8892

O 1976-88O 96O

O

1976-74

0

88

0 0

0

n 1981-8886

° Q 0

1976-88 H Q 86 Q

1J07 ID:

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SUR\

Figure 18. --Variations in concentrations

3 E=700 071

fEY STAT

of to1

t "-? ^ ^

05500 07105530 07105905 07106500

ON NUMBER

:al organic nitrogen as nitrogen

38

10

QCLU«-

-J 8QCLUQ_

iQC

Z

15OC A.

0Q_

OX Q__J

O

ft

MONUMENT CREEK

.

-

<

o_ i-

^ 1976-82 g 65 1980-82

1977-80 D n 2°

37 z 0 |Q c^3 ^^

FOUNTAIN CREEK1976-82'

32

1976-82 64

O

g1976-82 9

63

Q HH

/g 1976-8259 O

^

D

-

1981-8310

r

|

1

07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530 07105905


Figure 19. Variations in concentrations of total phosphorus.

07106500

150

ocLU OC Q_ LU0. h- OIJ

LU LU -I 0-

OC ^ LU < >OCooOOLU fC OC

100

50

MONUMENT CREEK 1980.88/ 95

1978-88 65 1984-88

56

B

1976-88 103

FOUNTAIN CREEK

1976-88 102

8o o

1977-88 100

BD

1976-88/ 43

1976-88 39

1981-S 20

B

07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530 07105905 07106500

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATION NUMBER Figure 20. Variations in concentrations of total recoverable copper.

39

10,000

QCLUH-

ffi 1 - 000Q_

5

MICROGRA

izzoQC

OLU

J

O 10c/)C/)

O

1

: MONUMENT CREEK1976-88

81

FOUNTAIN CREEK :-

1976-88

O

-

1984-88 I Rfi

" 1984-8854

-

:-

-

:

-

\ <

3

k

o

197(8

1981-8878

OC

D

»

O

D

->

O

Q

c c

79

O-

i-88>

>)

)

)

*

-

O O

1976-85 1976-88 Q 40 17

B Q 0

Q 1981-82 -

D-^ -^ I -

___^k__

A.

«

|

-

07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530 07105905 07106500


Figure 21 .--Variations in concentrations of dissolved iron.

QC LUH:

QC LU Q_C/) 10,0002ooQCO

2

1,000

z oQC

LU

CD

QCLU

o 10°0LUQC

£O

10

: /O ^QI / 1980-88 /f

1976-88/ 95 Q /C110 0 Q /

w " 1976-88 Q U 109 c

1977-88 g CCO < b8 1984-88 C

; o *6 , _ , * cQ ~~* C n

)

)))

IQ y Dn ^S

: ^ 4

^'.

-~.

-

MONUMENT CREEK FOUf07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 071CK


Figure 22. Variations in concent

>

1976-88 105

^ U "^^ 1981-83 -O

1976-88

9 §'0

ITAIN CRII700 071

EY STATI

rations

39

8

*j t

1976-88 48

O

D

\>

20n :

|

\--

;

_

-

--_-

_EEK05500 07105530 07105905 07106500

ON NUMBER

Of total recoverable iron.

40

250

LU CC I LUco a.

Ooc OOLU Occoc

200

150

100

50

MONUMENT CREEK-O-

1976-88' 100

FOUNTAIN CREEK

1976-88 40

1976-88 102

O

1984-88 56

_ 1977-88 65

1980-88 95

O

O

n n

1976-88 102

1981-83 20

1976-85 36

D

07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530


Figure 23.--Variations in concentrations of total recoverable lead.

400

CC LUh- _J CCLU0_CO 300

OCC O

2Z 200LU"CO

z <Oz <^Q 100>0 CO COQ

MONUMENT CREEK FOUNTAIN CREEK1976-85

17

^l6/88 1976-85ol

1984-8856

O

O

40

D

O

D

D1981-88 1976-88

84 85^^

1984-88 0 n3D

n

T1OQ1 OO

81*

- MO

1 ' *

C:

1981-82 11

O

dp07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530


Figure 24. Variations in concentrations of dissolved manganese.

41

3,000

COLU

<QC 2^

^COOQ ^ «cccc

2,000

1,000

MONUMENT CREEK A. FOUNTAIN CREEK 197_6Q 83\1976-88

109 w

1984-88 1980-8856 95

° 1976-88 °110

O

1976-88104

O

O

O

1981-83 20

D

D

1976-87

8 : o 1

1977-88 U =68 P

I £ ; C

£n T | | i i A i i + i ' -" s*3 E

8 8 oO r L-in

1_ i -*- -^~S l==t^~i

n 07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905

U.S. GEOLOGICAL

Figure 25.--Variations in concentrations of total recoverable manganese

07103700 07105500 07105530

SURVEY STAJION NUMBER07105905 07106500

80

e 60 _! LU GC

Ot

UJujm°- <cooc^LU< > GCO m

40

? 5O

20

MONUMENT CREEK FOl

-

JNTAIN Cl =IEEKo\\1981-88

32

1981-8320

n -1981-88

32

1981-83 1981 23 24

£ £ 1981-83 D 0

3 3 23£ £ 0LU LU

O O

fr fr * E^ 3 i * DCO CO I ' I

3 3 E^3 1 ^

07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 0710

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SUR^

Figure 26. Variations in concentr*

-82

19

3

J700 07'

/EY STAT

itions

DD

31-8323

n * "" A. -+-

+

05500 07105530 07105905 07106500

ION NUMBER

of total recoverable nickel.

42

100

QC LU

^ 80

QC LU Q.CO

O QC O

LU CO

60

40

20


Note: A value of 200 ug/L at station 07106500 is not plotted.

O1976-83

26

198A-83 Z3

1976-88 32

24

1976-88 32

1981-83 20

07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATION NUMBER07105905

Figure 27.--Variations in concentrations of total selenium.

800

07106500

QC LU >O o

600

QC LU

IjQC LU Q_

QC O O QC O

400 O

N LU

00

200


1976-88 107

1976-88 48

O

O

1980-88 94

1976-83 103

O

1976-88 39

O

O

1977-88 66

D D

1984-88 56

O

D

1976-88 102

O

O

O

1981-83 20

D

D

07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530


Figure 28. Variations in concentrations of total recoverable zinc

43

00

QZ< 60

LU CCO LU

S 13O DC>£

O </5_, «̂ 40O OCS LU ^

usCO

Q 20

in


1976-88

128

nn

1976-8897

n1976-88 H

1980-88Q1 O I

1976-88 127 O

1977-88 1984-88 O79 44 | D

O |~+~] 1 [ j |

1976-123

O

J

38

125

O

8III

i

D3 5

>

u

1981-8875

nn

^

07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530


Figure 29.--Variations in 5-day biochemical oxygen demand.

100,000

LU

o 10,000_lo o cc

1,000

o o< 100

10

1984-85 16

MONUMENT CREEK

1984-35 16

1984-85^3 1984-85^615 16 18

D 198512

FOUNTAIN CREEK

07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 071037)0


Figure 30. Variations in counts of total coliform bacteria.

0710ii500 07105530

STATION NUMBER07105905 07106500

IN COLONIES

RS

0 1 § §0 C

«j UJ 1,000

cc mH-1o-1<:>m o2°§Q: 100rr LUit 0__i00

UJ 10

1

E MONUMENT CREEK FOUNTAIN CREEK :

I 1980-88 C^ 1976-88 1976-88 - 53 105 97 1985-88 -

1976-88 r> O O 43 94 U O

~ ^ 1Q7fiRR 1976'88 9 "

E ° o 99 67 g :- 1977-88 P O O o Q H °- 82 82 8 3 ° - o B ° i B o -

o B p1985-88 Q T U -

44 O: O p :

O H i ' i ̂ ̂- | - -

on . ^H -^- *

__ Q * _-~

> ' ' . ' '

- > : :-

07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530 07105905


Figure 31. Variations in counts of fecal coliform bacteria.

07106500

1 UU,UUU

LU

Z O 10,000

doz

<(/)11 1 LU

O -I

CO -I

§10°

O rr 100 O LUO Q.

tLU DC

0) _ 1

5LU LJ_

1

E MONUMENT CREEK 1984-88 FOUNTAIN CREEK E49 1985-88 -

: o 43 ;1984-88 1984-88 O

1984-88 49 O

r 8 48 Q 9 - : O Q Q Q -

1985-88 P-, 198488 Q O -

48 54 H ____ P H -1985-88 Q n P T

-47 | ' | I i ' i -: n0

: A^-T-rT^T ;: :

^

^

-

-

07103747 07103780 07104000 07104905 07103700 07105500 07105530


Figure 32.--Variations in counts of fecal streptococcus bacteria.

45

Table

13. Trend-analysis re

sult

s of s

elec

ted water-quality pr

oper

ties

and

constituents fo

r wa

ter-

qual

ity

stat

ion

07103747 M

onument

Cree

k at P

almer La

ke

[fta/

s, cubic

feet

pe

r se

cond

; pS/c

m, mi

cros

ieme

ns per

centimeter at

25 de

gree

s Ce

lsiu

s; °C

, degree Ce

lsiu

s;

mg/L,

milligrams per

liter; pg/L,

micrograms per

lite

r; /1

00 mL

, colonies per

100

milliliters; , insufficient

data

; *, mo

dera

tely

si

gnif

ican

t tr

end,

th

e significance level

is le

ss th

an or

eq

ual

to 0.1

and

grea

ter

than 0.05;

**,

sign

ific

ant

tren

d, the

sign

ificance level

is less than or

eq

ual

to 0.

05 an

d greater

than 0.01;

***,

ve

ry

sign

ific

ant

trend, the

sign

ific

ance level

is le

ss than or

equal

to 0.

01]

Property or co

nsti

tuen

t

Inst

anta

neou

s st

ream

flow

Specific co

nduc

tanc

ePH Wa

ter

temp

erat

ure

Dissolved

oxygen

Dissolved

chlo

ride

Dissolved

sulf

ate

Un- ionized

ammo

nia ̂

a* nit

roge

nTo

tal

orga

nic

nitr

ogen

as

nitrogen

Total

reco

vera

ble

copper

Dissolved

iron

Total

reco

vera

ble

iron

Dissolved

mang

anes

eTo

tal

recoverable

manganese

5-day biochemical

oxygen demand

Fecal

stre

ptoc

occu

s2

Units

ft3/

spS/cm

stan

dard

°C

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

out/L

mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

pg/L

mg/L

/100

mL

Number

of

values

209

206 95 209 94 83 78

59

32 65 54 68 56 68 79 47

Number

of

censored

values 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 3 0 0 0

Peri

od

of

record

(wat

er ye

ar)

1977

-88

1977

-88

1977-88

1977

-88

1977-88

1977

-88

1977

-88

1977-88

1984

-88

1978-88

1984

-88

1977-88

1984

-88

1977

-88

1977

-88

1985-88

Number

of

years

12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 5 11 5 12 5 12 12 4

Significance le

vel

Unad

just

ed

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.4036

0.3072

0.15

410.0103

0.2896

0.16

14

10. 12-0. 25

0.9340

0.5874

1.00

0.0626

0.9623

0.0100

Adju

sted

for

seri

al

correlation

0.0829

0.0244

0.04

970.4884

0.5638

0.40

350.

1377

0.5018

1Q. 14-0. 30

-_0.

7331

0.0258

0.97

87

Trend

slope

(units

per

year)

0.1*

-3** 0.05**

-0.0

30.

04

-0.0

56-0.1

(MUJOHt

-0.0

32

-0.1 0.0

10 0.0

1 0.0

-0.3***

1The significance level

rang

e re

sult

s from treating th

e censored values differently: equal

to the

dete

ctio

n limit,

equa

l to one-half the

detection

limi

t, an

d eq

ual

to zero.

Chan

ging

th

e treatment

of th

e censored values do

es no

t ch

ange

the

tren

d si

gnif

ican

ce.

2Trend sl

ope

is sl

ope

of logarithms.

Table

14.

Tren

d-an

alys

is re

sults

of s

elected wa

ter-

qual

ity pr

oper

ties

an

d constituents fo

r wa

ter-

qual

ity

station

0710

3780

Monument Cr

eek

above No

rth

Gate Boulevard a

t U.S. Ai

r Force

Academy

[ft3/

s, cubic

feet

per

second;

pS/c

m, microsiemens per

centimeter at

25

degrees

Celsius; °C,

degree Celsius;

mg/L,

milligrams pe

r liter; Mg/L

, micrograms per

lite

r; /100 mL,

colo

nies

per

100


data

; *, mo

dera

tely

si

gnif

ican

t trend, th

e significance le

vel

is less than or

equal

to 0.1

and

greater

than 0.05;

**,

sign

ific

ant

tren

d, the

significance le

vel

is less than or

eq

ual

to 0.

05 an

d gr

eate

r than 0.01;

***,

ve

ry

sign

ific

ant

tren

d, the

significance level

is le

ss than or

eq

ual

to 0.

01]

Prop

erty

or co

nsti

tuen

t

Inst

anta

neou

s streamflow

Spec

ific

co

nduc

tanc

ePH Wa

ter

temp

erat

ure

Dissolved

oxyg

en

Dissolved

chlo

ride

Diss

olve

d sulfate

Susp

ende

d so

lids

Nitr

ite

plus

ni

trat

e as

ni

trog

enTo

tal

ammonia

as ni

trog

en

Un- io

nize

d ammonia

as nitrogen

Tota

l ammonia

plus

or

gani

cni

trog

enTo

tal

orga

nic

nitr

ogen

as

nitr

ogen

Tota

l re

cove

rabl

e co

pper

Dissolved

iron

Tota

l re

cove

rabl

e ir

onDissolved

manganese

Tota

l re

cove

rabl

e manganese

5 -day bi

oche

mica

l ox

ygen

de

mand

Fecal

coli

form

1Fe

cal

stre

ptoc

occu

s1

Unit

s

ft3/

spS/cm

stan

dard

°C

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

M8/L

M8/L

M8/L

M8/L

M8/L

mg/L

/100

mL

/100 mL

Number

of

values

93 87 58 88 59 61 56 56 61 61 55 56 / 54 56 56 56 56 56 44 44 47

Numb

er

of

cens

ored

values 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 0

Period

of

record

(wat

er year).

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1984

-88

1985

-88

1985

-88

Numb

er

of

years 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4

Significance level

Trend

Unadjusted

0.0002

0.0002

0.0015

0.0708

0.0906

0.0002

0 . 043

00.0053

0.01

370.

5869

0.0025

0.13

47

0.0296

0.5676

0.4306

0.0303

0.5223

0.8735

0.09

590.7173

0.63

97

Adju

sted

sl

ope

for

seri

al

(units

corr

elat

ion

per

year

)

_3**

*11

***

0.1***

0.5*

-0.2

*

1.2*

**1.

0**

«"7***

0.058**

0.014

0.0022***

0.10

0.11**

0.0

-3

-180** 0.0

0.0

0.3*

-0.06

-0.09

1Trend slope

is sl

ope

of logarithms.

Tabl

e 15

. Tr

end-

anal

ysis

result

s of

selected water-quality properties

and

constituents fo

r wa

ter-

qual

ity

stat

ion

07104000 Mon

umen

t Creek

at P

ikev

iew

[ft3/s,

cubic

feet

per

second;

pS/c

m, mi

croS

ieme

ns pe

r ce

ntim

eter

at

25 de

gree

s Cels

ius;

°C,

degree Ce

lsiu

s;mg

/L,

milligrams per

lite

r; |J

g/L,

micrograms per

liter; /100 ml,

colo

nies

per

100


data;

*, moderately si

gnif

ican

t tr

end,

th

e significance le

vel

is le

ss than or

eq

ual

to 0.1

and

greater

than 0.

05;

**,

significant

trend, the

significance level

is le

ss than or

equal

to 0.

05 an

d gr

eate

r than 0.

01;

***, very

sign

ific

ant

trend, the

significance level

is less than or

equal

to 0.

01]

Property or co

nsti

tuen

t

Inst

anta

neou

s st

ream

flow

Spec

ific

co

nduc

tanc

ePH Wa

ter

temp

erat

ure

Dissolved

oxygen

Dissolved

chlo

ride

Dissolved

sulfate

Su

spen

ded

soli

ds

Nitr

ite

plus nitrate

as nitrogen

Un-ionized am

moni

a as nitrogen

Tota

l ai

iuio

iiia

pl

us organic

nitrogen

Tota

l organic

nitr

ogen

as

nitrogen

Tota

l phosphorus

Tota

l recoverable

copper

Tota

l recoverable

iron

Tota

l recoverable

mang

anes

eTo

tal

reco

vera

ble

nick

elTo

tal

selenium

Tota

l recoverable

zinc

5-da

y bi

oche

mica

l oxygen demand

Feca

l st

rept

ococ

cus2

Unit

s

ft3/s

jjS/

cmst

anda

rd°C

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

«g/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

mg/L

/100 mL

Numb

er

of

values

249

243

147

244

146

104 99

^36

150

124

99

95 65 103

110

110 23 26 107

127 48

Numb

er

of

censored

values 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3

*J 0 0

o

0 1 2 0 0 2 2 4 0 0

Period

of

reco

rd

(wat

er y

ear)

1976-88

1976-88

1976-88

1976

-88

1976-88

1977

-88

1977-88

W7-8B

1976-88

1976-88

19

76-88

1976-88

1976-82

1976-88

1976

-88

1976-88

1981

-83

1976

-83

1976

-88

1976

-88

1985-88

Number

of

year

s

13 13 13 13 13 12 12 i f\

12

13 13 13

13 7 13 13 13 3 8 13 13 4

Sign

ific

ance

le

vel

Unad

just

ed

0.00

000.

0194

0 . 0000

0.21

480.

0312

0.00

050.

1322

Ov06

6i

0.00

00

0.00

00 0.

5618

0.72

56

0.72

92

1.00

0.00

000.

0071

0.11

3810

. 24

-0. 31

10. 51

-0. 72

0.00

020.

0682

Adju

sted

for

seri

al

correlation

0.00

630.

2986

0.02

360.

4495

0.25

36

0.1280

0.48

30frr020t

0.00

22

0.00

350.

7311

0.83

39

--

1.00

0.01

230.

0780

-- --

10. 69-0. 83

0.06

38--

Trend

slop

e (units

per

year

)

l.g*

**4 0.05

**0.04

0.05

0.4

0.6

1

'Z-f

rk

13""

0.081***

0 . 00020***

0.00

18

-0.0

029

0.00

25

0.0

270*

*5* 2 0.

0

0.0

0.1*

-0.0

7*

1The

si

gnificance le

vel

rang

e results

from tr

eati

ng th

e ce

nsor

ed v

alues

differently:

equa

l to

the

detection

limit,

equa

l to

on

e-ha

lf th

e de

tect

ion

limi

t, an

d eq

ual

to ze

ro.

Chan

ging

the

treatment

of the

censored va

lues

do

es no

t ch

ange

th

e trend

significance.

2Tre

nd sl

ope

is sl

ope

of lo

gari

thms

.

Table

16. Trend-analysis resu

lts

of se

lect

ed wat

er-q

uali

ty properties

and

constituents for water-quality

stat

ion

0720

4905

Monument Creek

at B

ijou S

tree

t at

Colorado

Spri

ngs

[ft3/s, cu

bic

feet

per

second;

uS/cm, mi

cros

ieme

ns pe

r centimeter at 25 degrees

Cels

ius;

°C

, de

gree

Ce

lsiu

s;

mg/L

, milligrams pe

r li

ter;

Mg

/L,

micrograms pe

r liter; /1

00 mL,

colonies pe

r 100 mi

llil

iter

s; , insufficient

data

; *, mo

dera

tely

significant

trend, the

sign

ific

ance

le

vel

is less than or equa

l to 0.1

and

grea

ter

than 0.05;

**,

significant

tren

d, th

e si

gnific

ance

level

is le

ss than or

equal

to 0.05 an

d gr

eate

r th

an 0.

01;

***, ve

ry

significant

tren

d, th

e si

gnif

icance

level

is le

ss than or eq

ual

to 0.01]

Prop

erty or

constituent

Inst

anta

neous

streamflow

Spec

ific co

nduc

tanc

epH Water

temp

erat

ure

Dissolved

oxyg

en

Dissolved

chlo

ride

Dissolved

sulf

ate

Suspended

solids

Nitr

ite

plus

nitrate

as ni

trog

en

Un-ionized

ammonia

as ni

trog

enTotal

ammonia

plus organic

Units

ft3/s

MS/ cm

stan

dard

°C

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

Numb

erof

va

lues

100

100 95 100 98 69 69 99 100 84 90

Numb

erof

censored

valu

es 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

Peri

odof

reco

rd

(wat

er ye

ar)

1980-88

1980

-88

1980-88

1980-88

1980-88

1983

-88

1983-88

1980-88

1980-88

1980-88

1981-88

Numb

erof

years 9 9 9 9 9 6 6 9 9 9 8

Significance le

vel

Unad

just

ed

0.0465

0.05

470

. 000

00.

3492

0.19

71

0.00

000.

0000

0.1605

0.00

00

0.0305

0.00

75

Adju

sted

for

seri

al

corr

elat

ion

-- -- --

Tren

dsl

ope

(units

per

year

)

1.4*

*11* 0.05***

0.00

-0.0

8

1 %6***

10**

*-12 0.

19***

0.00025**

-0.075***

nitrog

enTotal

organic

nitr

ogen

as

nitr

ogen

ng/L

811981-88

0.01

41-0

.067

**

Total

Tota

l

Total

Tota

lTo

tal

Total

Tota

lTotal

5 -day

Fecal

Fecal

phosphorus

recoverable

recoverable

recoverable

recoverable

recoverable

selenium

recoverable

biochemical

coli

form

2

copper

iron

lead

manganese

nickel

zinc

oxyg

en demand

stre

ptoc

occu

s2

mg/L

M8/L

M8/L

Mg/L

M8/L

M8/L

Mg/L

M8/L

mg/L

/100

mL

/100

mL

20 95 95 95 95 23 23 94 81 53 49

0 0 1 9 0 0 0 1 0 4 1

1980-82

1980-88

1980-88

1980-88

1980-88

1981-83

1981

-83

1980-88

1980-88

1980-88

1984-88

3 9 9 9 9 3 3 9 9 9 5

1 0 0

.0000

.008

0

.281

8*0

. 33-0. 74

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

.773

3.1

138

.751

8.1

142

.022

3.3637

.1839

0 -0

-180

.02

.6***

0.0 0.3

-0 2 -1 -2 -0 0 -0

.7 .26*

*.04

.08

1The

si

gnif

ican

ce le

vel

rang

e re

sult

s fr

om treating the

censored va

lues

differ

ently:

equa

l to the

detection

limit,

equa

l to on

e-ha

lf th

e detection

limit, an

d eq

ual

to zero.

Chan

ging

the

trea

tmen

t of the

cens

ored

values do

es not

chan

ge th

e tr

end

significance.

2Tre

nd sl

ope

is slope

of logarithms.

Table

17.

Tren

d-an

alys

is re

sult

s of

selected wa

ter-

qual

ity pr

oper

ties

an

d co

nsti

tuen

ts fo

r wa

ter-

qual

ity

station

07103700 F

ount

ain Cr

eek near Col

orad

o Sp

ring

s

[ft3/

s, cubi

c fe

et per

seco

nd;

pS/cm, mi

cros

ieme

ns pe

r centimeter at 25 de

gree

s Cels

ius; °C

, de

gree

Ce

lsiu

s;

mg/L,

milligrams per

lite

r; Mg

/L,

micrograms pe

r liter; /100 mL,

colonies pe

r 100 mi

llil

iter

s; , in

suff

icie

nt

data;

*, moderately significant

tren

d, th

e si

gnif

ican

ce le

vel

is le

ss th

an or

eq

ual

to 0.1

and

grea

ter

than

0.05;

**,

significant

tren

d, the

sign

ific

ance

le

vel

is less than or equal

to 0.05 an

d gr

eater

than 0.01;

***,

very

significant

trend, th

e si

gnif

icance

level

is le

ss th

an or

eq

ual

to 0.

01]


Inst

anta

neous

streamflow

Spec

ific

co

nduc

tanc

ePH Wa

ter

temperature

Dissolved

oxyg

en

Dissolved

chloride

Dissolved

sulfate

Suspended

solids

______ Nitr

ite

plus

nitrate

as ni

trog

en

Un-ionized

am

moni

a as ni

trog

en

Tota

l am

monia

plus organic

nitr

ogen

To

tal

organic

nitr

ogen

as

nitr

ogen

Total

phosphorus

Tota

l recoverable

copper

Dissolved

iron

Total

recoverable

iron

Dissolved

manganese

Tota

l reco

verable

mang

anes

eTotal

recoverable

zinc

5-da

y bi

oche

mica

l oxygen demand

Feca

l co

lifo

rm2

Fecal

stre

ptoc

occu

s2

Unit

s

ft3/s

pS/c

mst

anda

rdCC

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

iHO /T.

HBg/^tr

ng/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

M8/L

M8/L

M8/L

Mg/L

M8/L

M8/L

mg/L

/100 mL

/100

mL

Numb

er

of

valu

es

267

259

140

262

145

103 98 134

^48

104

100 74 63 102 82 109 85 109

102

123

105 54

Numb

er

of

cens

ored

va

lues 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7

0

0 9 0 6 3 5 0 0 0 7 0 1 0

Peri

od

of

reco

rd

(wat

er y

ear)

1976-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976-88

1976

-88

1977-88

1977-88

1977-88

W6-««

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976-88

1976-82

1976

-88

1976-88

1976-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976-88

1976-88

1976-88

1984

-88

Numb

er

of

years

13 13 13 13 13 12 12 12

J3

13 13 13 7 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 5

Significance level

Unadjusted

0.0000

0 . 0000

0.00

470.0029

0.0008

0.72

210.

1433

0.54

0.1474

0.0730

0.00

04

0.38

75

10. 38

-0. 42

0.0038

0.7499

0.69

260.

9646

0.4737

0.00

05

0.52

2210

. 007-0. 008

0.2193

Adju

sted

for

seri

al

corr

elat

ion

0.0484

0.05

780.1645

0.06

350.

0898

0.8579

0.4479

0.66

0.4554

0.1806

0.08

0.52

42

0.0672

0.79

030.

8061

0.97

260.

6686

0.05

3

0.6958

0.06

Trend

slop

e (u

nits

per

year

)

0.5**

-7* 0.02

-0.2

*0.08*

0.00

-0.2

20.33

0.0040

0.000021

-0.0

5*

-0.0

18

J0. 0010-0. 0030

-0.3

*

0.0

13 0.0

0.0

1-2.

0 2.5*

-0.009

-0.0

4**

-0.08

1The si

gnif

ican

ce level

range

resu

lts

from

tr

eati

ng the

cens

ored

va

lues

di

ffer

entl

y: eq

ual

to the

detection

limit,

equal

to one-half th

e detection

limit, an

d eq

ual

to ze

ro.

Changing the

trea

tmen

t of

the

censored va

lues

do

es not

chan

ge the

trend

sign

ific

ance

.2Trend

sl

ope

is slope

of loga

rithms.

Tabl

e 18

. Tr

end-

anal

ysis

result

s of se

lect

ed w

ater-quality p

roperties

and

cons

titu

ents

for wa

ter-

qual

ity

stat

ion

0710

5500

Fountain

Creek

at C

olor

ado

Spri

ngs

[ft3/s, cu

bic

feet

pe

r se

cond

; |J

S/cra, mi

cros

ieme

ns pe

r centimeter at 25 degrees

Celsiu

s; °C

, de

gree

Ce

lsiu

s;mg/L,

milligrams per

lite

r; Mg

/L,

micrograms pe

r liter; /1

00 mL,

colonies pe

r 100

milliliters; --,

insufficient

data;

*, mo

dera

tely

si

gnif

ican

t trend, the

sign

ific

ance

level

is less than or eq

ual

to 0.1

and

grea

ter

than 0.

05;

**,

significant

tren

d, th

e si

gnific

ance

le

vel

is le

ss th

an or equal

to 0.

05 an

d gr

eate

r th

an 0.01;

***,

ve

ry

signific

ant

tren

d, th

e si

gnif

icance

level

is less than or equal

to 0.01]

Prop

erty or

constituent

Inst

anta

neous

streamflow

Spec

ific

co

nduc

tanc

epH Wa

ter

temperature

Dissolved

oxyg

en

Diss

olve

d chloride

Dissolved

sulf

ate

Suspended

solids

Nitr

ite

plus

nitrate

as ni

trog

en

Un-i

oniz

ed am

moni

a as ni

trog

enTo

tal

ammoni

a plus organic

nitrogen

Tota

l or

ganic

nitrogen as

nitr

ogen

Tota

l phosph

orus

Total

recoverable

copper

Total

recove

rabl

e ir

onDi

ssol

ved ma

ngan

ese

Tota

l recove

rabl

e ma

ngan

ese

Total

recove

rabl

e nickel

Tota

l selenium

Tota

l recoverable

zinc

5-da

y bioc

hemical

oxygen de

mand

Fecal

coli

form

1Fecal

stre

ptoc

occu

s1

Units

ft3/

s|j

S/cm

stan

dard

°C

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

mg/L

/100 mL

/100

mL

Numb

er

of

valu

es

306

283

139

285

141

110 98 133

139

119 97 86 64 100

105 81 104 23 24 103

125 99 48

Numb

er

of

cens

ored

va

lues 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 4 0 1 1 0 0 3 0

Peri

od

of

reco

rd

(water ye

ar)

1976-88

1976-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976-88

1977

-88

1977-88

1977-88

1976

-88

1976-88

1976-88

1976

-88

1976

-82

1977

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976-88

1981-83

1976-83

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1984-88

Numb

er

of

years

13 13 13 13 13 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 7 12 13 13 13 3 8 13 13 13 5

Significance level

Unadjusted

0.0000

0.00

000.

0000

0 . 400

40.

1040

0.1482

0.4859

0.9263

0.00

24

0 . 022

20.0001

0.1694

0.12

32

0.00

160.

8803

0.0019

0.0000

1.0000

1.0000

0.00

000.

0000

0.97

080.

0395

Adju

sted

for

seri

al

corr

elat

ion

0.02

090.0413

0.02

480.6668

0.4473

0.5249

0.76

670.

9285

0.2278

0.2590

0.0162

0.23

73

--

0.0453

0.88

800.

0556

0.00

39

0.0070

0.0256

0.9780

--

Trend

slop

e (units

per

year

)

2.3*

*-2

0**

0.04

**-0

.06

0.04

-0.4

2-1

.9 0.5

0.04

2

-0.0

0014

-0.0

83**

-0.040

-0.050

-0.5

**0.9

-5*

-K)***

0.0

0.0

R *£

"£"&

-0.2

**

-0.002

-0.1**

1Trend slope

is sl

ope

of logarithms.

Table

19. Trend-analysis result

s of

se

lect

ed wat

er-q

uali

ty properties

and

cons

tituents for wa

ter-

qual

ity

stat

ion

0710

5530

Fou

ntai

n Creek below Janitell

Road

below Colorado

Springs

[ft3/

s, cu

bic

feet per se

cond

; uS

/cm,

microsiemens per centimeter at

25

degrees Celsius; °C,

degree Ce

lsiu

s;mg

/L,

milligrams per liter; Mg

/L,

micrograms per liter; /1

00 ml,

colonies per 10

0 milliliters; , insufficient

data

; *, moderately significant tr

end,

the

significance level

is less than or

eq

ual

to 0.

1 an

d greater than 0.

05;

**,

significant tr

end,

th

e significance le

vel

is less than or

equal

to 0.

05 an

d greater than 0.

01;

***,

very

significant tr

end,

th


is less than or

equal to

0.01]

Property or

constituent

Inst

anta

neous

stre

amfl

owSp

ecif

ic conductance

pH Water

temper

atur

eDissolved

oxyg

enHa

rdne

ss as calcium

carbonate

Dissolved

calcium

Dissolved

magnesium

Dissolved

chlo

ride

Suspended

solids

Nitrite

plus nitrate

as ni

trog

enTotal

ammonia

as ni

trog

enUn-ionized am

moni

a as ni

trog

enTo

tal

ammoni

a plus organic

nitrogen

Total

organic

nitr

ogen

as

nitrogen

Total

phosph

orus

Total

recoverable

copper

Dissolved

iron

Total

recoverable

iron

Dissolved

manganese

Tota

l recoverable

mang

anes

eTotal

recoverable

nickel

Tota

l se

lenium

Tota

l recoverable

zinc

5-day

bioc

hemi

cal

oxyg

en d

eman

dFecal

coliform

1Fe

cal

stre

ptoc

occu

s1

Units

ft3/s

MS/cm

standard

°C

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

nut/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

mg/L

/I 00

ml/100 mL

Numb

er

of

valu

es

116

116

112

116

115 40 40 40 37 103

114

108

103 99 92 32 39 40 39 40 31 32 32 39 97 67 49

Numb

er

of

cens

ored

va

lues 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1

0 2 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 0

Peri

od

of

reco

rd

(wat

er y

ear)

1976-88

1976-88

1976

-88

1976-88

1976-88

1976

-85

1976

-85

1976

-85

1981

-85

19

79-8

8

1976-88

1976

-88

1976-88

1976-88

1976-88

1976

-82

1976

-88

1976-85

1976-88

1976

-85

1976

-87

1981

-88

1976-88

1976

-88

1976-88

1976-88

1984

-88

Numb

er

of

years

13 13 13 13 13 10 10 10 5 10

13 13 13 13

13 7 13 10 13 10 12 8 13 13 13 13 5

Significance level

Unad

just

ed

0.00

040.

6520

0.0000

0.2801

0.10

140.0778

0.2004

0.03

390.0642

0.

9481

0.00

030.4104

0.0000

0.0447

0.00

68

0.37

680.

0564

0.52

540.0187

0.02

120.0756

0.02

930.4772

0.1131

0.40

7520

. 03

-0. 05

0.26

31

Adju

sted

for

seri

al

corr

elat

ion

0.08

320.

8321

0.0207

0.57

910.3838

0.2362

0.34

970.

1745

0.

9616

0.10

010.

6749

0.01

620.

4075

0.09

70

0.

1809

0.4253

0.10

060.

2239

0.09

10

0.33

200.

0382

0.61

980.10 --

Trend

slop

e (u

nits

per

year)

4.5*

2 0.05**

-0.1 0.06

-5 -0.5

-0.6

-5.0

* -0.1

0.06

80.

100.

0090

**-0

.50

-0.17*

-0.2

4-0

.9-1

-250 -23

-14* -1** 0.1

-3**

-0.2 0.08

*-0.1

1Trend slope

is slope

of logarithms.

2The significance level

range

resu

lts

from

treating th

e censored values differently:

equal

to th

e detection limit,

equa

l to one-half th

e detection limit, and

equa

l to

zero.

Changing the

treatment of

th

e censored values do

es no

t ch

ange

the

trend significance.

Ln U)

Tabl

e 20

. Tr

end-

anal

ysis

results

of s

elected water-quality properties an

d cons

tituents for water-quality

stat

ion

0710

5905 F

ountain

Creek

abov

e Little Fou

ntai

n Creek below Fo

unta

in

[ft3/

s, cu

bic

feet per

seco

nd;

jJS/

cm,

microsiemens per

centimeter at 25 degrees

Cels

ius;

°C

, degree Celsius;

mg/L,

milligrams per

liter; M8

/L,

micrograms per

lite

r; /100 mL,

colo

nies

per

100


data

; *,

mo

dera

tely

si

gnif

ican

t tr

end,

th


is less than or

eq

ual

to 0.1

and

greater

than 0.05;

**,

sign

ific

ant

trend, the

sign

ificance le

vel

is le

ss than or

eq

ual

to 0.05 an

d greater

than 0.01;

***, very

sign

ific

ant

trend, the

sign

ific

ance le

vel

is less than or

eq

ual

to 0.01]

Prop

erty

or constituent

Instantaneous

streamflow

Spec

ific

co

nduc

tanc

epH Water

temp

erat

ure

Diss

olve

d oxygen

Dissolved

chlo

ride

Diss

olve

d su

lfat

eSuspended

soli

dsNi

trit

e plus nitrate

as nitrogen

Total

ammonia

as nitrogen

Un-i

oniz

ed ammonia

as ni

trog

enTo

tal

ammo

nia

plus organic

nitr

ogen

Tota

l or

gani

c nitrogen as

nitr

ogen

Tota

l phosphorus

Total

reco

vera

ble

copp

erTo

tal

reco

vera

ble

iron

Tota

l re

cove

rabl

e manganese

Total

reco

vera

ble

nick

elTo

tal

selenium

Tota

l re

cove

rabl

e zi

nc5-day bi

oche

mica

l oxygen demand

Fecal

coliform

1Fecal

stre

ptoc

occu

s1

Unit

s

ft3/

sjjS/cm

standard

°C

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

Mg/L

M8/L

M8/L

M8/L

M8/L

M8/L

mg/L

/100 mL

/100

mL

Number

of

values

142

141

135

140

135 32 32 130

139

138

130 99 96 59 43 48 39 32 32 48 128 97 51

Numb

er

of

cens

ored

values 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0

Period

of

reco

rd

(wat

er year)

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1977-85

1977-85

1977

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976-88

1976-82

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976-83

1981

-88

1976-88

1976

-88

1976

-88

1976-88

1984

-88

Numb

er

of

year

s

13 13 13 13 13 9 9 12 13 13 13 13 13 7 13 13 8 8 13 13 13 13 5

Significance level

Unadjusted

0.0000

0.0000

0.00

000.

0518

0.4236

0.85

971.

0000

0.79

410.

0001

0.00

39

0.2856

0.00

11

0.1494

0.1870

0.08

171.

0000

0.83

510.0786

0.4772

1 . 000

00.

2185

0.00

000.

0634

Adju

sted

for

seri

al

corr

elat

ion

0.0103

0.0340

0.0735

0.1103

0.63

51

-- 0.8294

0.0234

0.07

91

0.5830

0.0666

0.29

07

--

0.1092

1.00

00

0.6180

1.00

000.2845

0.0106

--

Trend

slope

(units

per

year

)

5.2**

-30*

*0.03*

0.2

-0.02

4.5

5.0

-0.5 0.083**

-0.052*

0.00033

-0.20*

-0.06

-0.1

5

-0.8

40 -1 -1*

-0.0

8

0.0

-0.3

-0.09***

-0.1

*

1Trend sl

ope

is slope

of logarithms.

t-n

Tabl

e 21. Trend-analysis results

of s

elected wa

ter-

qual

ity properties and

constituents fo

r wa

ter-

qual

ity

stat

ion

07106500 F

ount

ain

Creek

at P

ueblo

[ft3/

s, cu

bic

feet

per

second;

pS/cm, microSiemens per

cent

imet

er at 25

de

gree

s Ce

lsiu

s; °C,

degree Ce

lsiu

s;

mg/L,

milligrams per

liter; pg/L,

micr

ogra

ms per

lite

r; /100 mL,

colo

nies

per

100


data

; *,

mo

dera

tely

si

gnif

ican

t tren

d, the

significance le

vel

is less than or

eq

ual

to 0.1

and

greater

than 0.

05;

**,

sign

ific

ant

trend, th


is le

ss than or

equal

to 0.

05 and

grea

ter

than 0.01;

***,

very

sign

ific

ant

tren

d, the

significance le

vel

is less than or

eq

ual

to 0.

01]

Prop

erty

or co

nsti

tuen

t

Instantaneou

s st

ream

flow

Specific co

nduc

tanc

epH Water

temp

erat

ure

Dissolved

oxygen

Susp

ende

d so

lids

Nitrite

plus ni

trat

e as

nitrogen

m -A. ̂ "

I AMMMfcAA *A

*! "»***

ioi3

J. un

Hnon

ia as ni

trog

enUn

-ion

ized

ammonia

as nitrogen

Tota

l am

moni

a plus organic

nitr

ogen

Tota

l or

gani

c ni

trog

en as

nitrogen

Tota

l re

cove

rabl

e copper

Tota

l re

cove

rabl

e ir

onTo

tal

reco

vera

ble

lead

Tota

l recoverable

manganese

Tota

l re

cove

rabl

e nickel

Tota

l selenium

Tota

l recoverable

zinc

5-day

bioc

hemi

cal

oxygen demand

Feca

l coliform

1Fe

cal

strept

ococcus

1

Units

ft3/s

pS/cm

standard

°C

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

ng/t

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

Mg/L

mg/L

/100 mL

/100 mL

Number

of

values

266

265 89 225 92 88 90 00

oo 84 87 86 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 75 43 43

Numb

er

of

censored

values 0 0 0 0 0 0 I

1

0 I 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 4 I

Period

of

reco

rd

(wat

er ye

ar)

1976-88

1976-88

1981-88

1976-88

1981-88

1981-88

1981-88

1 QR1 ftfi

1701 OO

1981-88

1981-88

1981-88

1981-83

1981-83

1981-83

1981-83

1981-83

1981-83

1981-83

1981-88

1985-88

1985-88

Numb

er

of

year

s

13 13 8 13 8 8 8 8 8 8 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 8 4 4

Significance level

Unad

just

ed

0.0000

0.00

000.

0000

0.15

550.

0012

0.02

210.

0002

0.

1127

0.05

530.

0929

0.13

51

0.2888

0.28

880.

1306

0.07

71

0.28

880.

4497

0.07

710.0004

0.73

940.

4996

Adju

sted

fo

r serial

corr

elat

ion

0.0216

0.0119

0.1739

-- -- -- --7

-- -- --

Trend

slope

(units

per

year

)

6.0**

-61**

0.07***

-0.2 0.2***

-26*

*0.22***

-0.0

050

0.00020*

-0.0

75*

-0.0

57

10,8

00 5180* 6 -6 35*

-0.6

***

-0.1

-0.0

6

1Trend slope

is sl

ope

of logarithms.

CO

I- o0_ OLU *- DC DC I LUco Q:

»v8

DATA POINT

- SMOOTH LINE-- An estimate of the weighted moving average

TREND LINE-The linear change for the period of record

1985 1986 1987

WATER YEAR1988

Figure 33.--Fecal streptococcus bacteria at water-quality station 07103747 Monument Creek at Palmer Lake.

300

LLO

<LU 200 LU CO

OLULU LL

^CQ 100

!§

DATA POINT

SMOOTH LINE- An estimate of the weighted moving average


1984 1985 1986

WATER YEAR

1987 1988

Figure 34. Trend of instantaneous streamflow at water-quality station 07103780 Monument Creek above North Gate Boulevard at U.S. Air Force Academy.

55

600

COQ 500

n^ COK LJJ

^LJJ 400

LJJ?

O OC 300 01-

§10|-

LJJ 200

100

I DATA POINT



1984

Figure 35.--Trend of specific conductance Monument Creek above North Gate

10.0

9.5

9.0

COKô ccg 8.5

CO

-. 8-0

Q.

7.5

7.0

1988

at water-quality station 07103780 Boulevard at U.S. Air Force Academy.

1984 1985

Figure 36. Trend of pH at water- above North Gate Boulevard

DATA POINT


TREND LINE--The linear change for the period of record

1987 19881986

WATER YEAR

quality station 07103780 Monument Creek at U.S. Air Force Academy.

56

a 3°H _lCC 111 O.CO2CCO 20_l_l 2 Z

LUQCCg 10iOQ111

OCOCOQ o -

I I

DATA POINT

. SMOOTH LINE-- An estimate of the weighted moving average

....... TREND LINE-The linear changefor the period of record

-

-

.

_ _-_ * 0^ ̂ */^^^x....^^.^/ .....- :s<^r 9

--V * .

i i1984 1985 1986

i i

4i

s~\& / X

7 ^*T\/.........- \" * -\^--

» _

I I1987 1988

WATER YEAR

Figure 37. Trend of dissolved chloride atMonument Creek above North Gate Boulevard

cc 40°LU

inCC LU Q.CO 3002

CCo J

z 200

co"Q

8Q 100LUQZLU0.CO

CO o '

i i

-

-

: .r

^^^^^^^^^^^w ^^ A

.. .7^.. .....^xfTT^Nw* % *

r , ji. .. " "^1984 1985 1986

water-quality station 07103780at U.S. Air Force Academy.

i i DATA POINT


....... TREND LINE-The linear change for the period of record

-

-

;

jS^n^^^^^TTT;

1987 1988

WATER YEARFigure 38. Trend of suspended solids at water-quality station 07103780 Monument Creek above North Gate Boulevard at U.S. Air Force Academy.

57

0.06

UJ 0.05

QCE

CO CC < UJ

0.04

0.03

d 0.02

zD

0.01

I DATA POINT


1 TREND LINE-The linear change for the period of record

1984 1985

Figure 39. Trend of un-ionized ammonia 07103780 Monument Creek above North Giite

500

^" 400si20

S LJJ CO

CC rr 300

=? H Ouj

<O

200

100

1 1 1 1 DATA POINT

1986

WATER YEARas n

Bou



1987 1988

trogen at water-quality station evard at U.S. Air Force Academy.

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980

Figure 40. Trend of instantaneous 07104000 Monument

1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988

WATER Ystreamflow at water-quality station Creek it Pikeview.

58

zLJJ

LU LJJ Q_

b- 'DCK Z

i i i r» DATA POINT



1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988

WATER YEAR

Figure 41. Trend of nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen at water-quality station 07104000 Monument Creek at Pikeview.

ZLU

0.04

0.03

0)QC< LU

0.02

zz 0.01 - o~

I I I I I DATA POINT



1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988

WATER YEARFigure 42. Trend of un-ionized ammonia as nitrogen at water-quality

station 07104000 Monument Creek at Pikeview.

59

CO

I I DATA POINT

SMOOTH LINE-- An estimate of the weighted moving average


Figure A3. Trend of pH at water-<at Bijou Street

cc soUJ

rrUJn.CO 5 60

Z 40

UJQ cr O

OQ UJ

_lOCO COQ

20

1988

station 07104905 Monument Creek Colorado Springs.

DATA POINT



1983 1984 19E5

Figure 44. Trend of dissolvedMonument Creek at Bijou

1987 19881986

WATER YEARchloride a\: water-quality station 07104905

Street at Colorado Springs.

60

cr 200LU

cr LUQ.

Jg 150

LU

C/DQ LU >

dC/Dc/2Q

100

50

DATA POINT



1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988

WATER YEARFigure 45.--Trend of dissolved sulfate at water-quality station 07104905

Monument Creek at Bijou Street at Colorado Springs.



1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988

WATER YEARFigure 46.--Trend of nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen at water-quality station

07104905 Monument Creek at Bijou Street at Colorado Springs.

61

LU OO

OLU

< OCOLUOC Q.Oco

o

<

I I DATA POINT



1981 1982 1983

Figure 47.--Trend of total ammonia station 07104905 Monument Creek

160

of111 OC g-LU 120

OZ5

LULU

DCS LU < >OC

88 SgO

80

40

1984

WATER Y plus at Bijou

1985 1986 1987 1988

EARorganic nitrogen at water-quality

Street at Colorado Springs.

T I I

DATA POINT

- SMOOTH LINE- An estimate of the weighted moving average


1980 1981 1982 1983

Figure 48. Trend of total07104905 Monument Creek at B

1984

WATER YEAR1985 1986 1987 1988

recoverable copper at water-quality station :Ljou Street at Colorado Springs.

62

2,500

LU

UJ 2,000zg otZ-1<trJJS£ 1-500

-105 < 2

cc a

H ~~ 500

H

rv

1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

9 DATA POINT


....... TREND LINE-The linear change for the period of record

-

:-

'- . ' ' -^^-^T^T^H^

-

-

-

-

.

-

-

K;

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988

WATER YEAR

Figure 49.--Trend of total recoverable manganese at water-quality station 07105500 Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs.

500

LU

300

200

100

1 I I I I I

DATA POINT

- SMOOTH LINE- An estimate of the weighted moving average


1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988

WATER YEARFigure 50. Trend of total recoverable zinc at water-quality station 07105500

Fountain Creek at Colorado Springs.

63

<DC

ODC< UJ 4OQ \-

-J O 3 OoO «-

_|OC < UJoQ- UJ</) 2LL. in g

T T

DATA POINT



V.

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980

Figure 51. Trend of fecal 07105905 Fountain Creek above

Qrr

9.0

8.5

8.0

I Q.

7.5

7.0

I I T

DATA POINT



1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988

Little

i i J___L

WATER YIEARcoliform bacteria at water-quality station

Fountain Creek below Fountain.

'

1981 1982 1983

Figure 52. Trend of pH at Fountain

1984

WATER YE-ARwater-i

atCreek

64

1985 1986 1987 1988

quality station 07106500 Pueblo.

20

DC LU Q.

£ 15

DC O

10

LU O

XOQ UJ

_l O CO COQ

DATA POINT



1981 1982 1983 1986 1987 19881984 1985

WATER YEAR

Figure 53. Trend of dissolved oxygen at water-quality station 07106500Fountain Creek at Pueblo.

15

10*« LU LU CLtw

Q. LU

DATA POINT



1981 1982 1983 1986 1987 19881984 1985

WATER YEAR

Figure 54. Trend of nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen at water-quality station 07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo.

65

40

Q2

S£ 30

zbLU -IPec

20

0

^ 10

Qin

DATA POINT



1981 1982 1983 1986 1987 19881984 1985

WATER YEAR

Figure 55.--Trend of 5-day biochemical oxygen demand at water-quality station 07106500 Fountain Creek at Pueblo.

*u.s, iRNMEGOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1993-774-207^60047

66

WATER-QUALITY VARIATIONS AND TRENDS IN ...WATER-QUALITY VARIATIONS AND TRENDS IN MONUMENT AND FOUNTAIN CREEKS, EL PASO AND PUEBLO COUNTIES, COLORADO, WATER YEARS 1976-88 by Barbara

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