Water Quality Monitoring ACTIVITY 4 GROUP 4 SECTION I GTS133 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES SIRINDHORN INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SEMESTER 2, YEAR 2013
Jun 12, 2015
Water Quality Monitoring
ACTIVITY 4GROUP 4 SECTION
I
GTS133 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIESSIRINDHORN INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGYSEMESTER 2, YEAR 2013
Standards help to identify water quality problems caused by, for example, improperly treated wastewater discharges, runoff or discharges from active or abandoned mining sites, sediment, fertilizers, and chemicals from agricultural areas, and erosion of stream banks caused by improper grazing practices. Standards also support efforts to achieve and maintain protective water quality conditions
Water quality standards are important because they help to protect and restore the quality of the Nation's surface waters
Why Are Water Quality Standards Important?
Materials/Supplies
1 secchi disk2 turbidity meter3 DO meter4 pH indicator 5 conductivity meter
OBJECTIVES
1 To assess water quality to general observation and measurement of temperature, transparency, turbidity, DO, pH , and conductivity.
2 To compare overall test results to pollution control department water-quality standards .
3 To assess overall water quality.
General Observation
What do you see?Observe color?Odor?Flowing?Drain discharge?Fish jumping?
METHODOLOGY ; WHAT TO DO?
Additional Physical and ChemicalProperties
Temperature – Read from conductivity meterWater Transparency – Using Secchi diskTurbidity – Using turbidity meterpH – Using pH indicator stripsDissolved Oxygen (DO) – Using DO meterConductivity – Using conductivity meter
PROCEDURE
pH measurement1 Take the water sample from sampling point2 Measure by putting the pH indicator strips in to
sample3 Compare the color of pH indicator with references4 Compare the value with pH quality index5 Record both reading
Water Sample
pH indicator strips
Reference
Transparency Measurement 1 Slowly lower the Secchi disk into the water until it is no longer visible. Record this depth. 2 Slowly raise the disk until it just becomes visible once again. Record this depth. 3 Average the depths from steps 1 and 2 to get the Secchi depth. 4 This may be repeated for a measurement of precision.
Secchi Disk
Turbidity Measurement1 Use a clean, empty water
quality to collect the water sample.2 Wipe the tube with
a lint-free tissue. Make sure there’re no fingerprints, or other particles on tube.
3 Place the clean tube into the chamber of the turbidity meter. Align the cap(with the slash mark) with the mark on chamber.
4 Select appropriate range on the selection knob.
5 As soon as the reading stabilizes, record the reading as NTU on the data sheet.
6 Remove the tube from the chamber. Empty and rinse the tube(s) with distilled water, dry tube(s), and store tube(s) in kit.
7 Record the results onto data sheet.8 Multiple sampling points
Turbidity Meter
Tube
Chamber
Measured Value
Conductivity Measurement1 Prepare the conductivity meter and probe for
use.2 Calibrate the instrument according to the
manufacturer’s instructions and record the calibration.
3 Turn the conductivity meter on and place the probe into water column and stir with the probe.
4 Wait until the meter stabilizes to obtain the reading for conductivity.
5 Record the reading.6 Multiple sampling points7 Rinse the probe with
distilled water8 Turn off the instrument
and handle the probe carefully so as not to damage it while in the fieldConductivity
Meter
Read conductivity value in µS/cm
Read Temperature
Dissolved Oxygen(DO) Measurement1 Prepare DO meter and Probe for use
2 Calibrate the instrument according to the manufacturer’s instructions
Record the calibration.3 At each station, turn the meter
on and place the probe into water column and stir with the probe.
(Remark : since DO various accorded to depth of water,
be sure to keep the probe’s position on water surface)4 Allow sufficient time for the probe to stabilize before sampling the dissolved oxygen.5 Record the reading and also multiple sampling points6 Rinse the probe with distilled water7 Turn off the instrument and handle the probe carefully so as not to damage it while in the field
(Dissolved Oxygen)DO Meter
Read DO value
Location General ObservationLawn next to canteen
Water has natural color, there's no natural flowing but fountain provided. There's no drain discharge appeared in sight, no odor. There're fish jumping. a little bit oil floating on surface.
RESULTS AND FINDINGS
Sampling location and observation
Sampling Map
Table 1 Results according to water characteristics
Sampling
Point
Monitoring parameters
Temp
(°C)pH
Transparency
(cm)
Turbidity(NTU)
DOConductivit
y (μS/cm)
(mg/L) %
1 1 27.7 8 94 7.77 4.2 52 584
2 28.0 7 80 8.42 4.3 57 573
Average
27.85
7.5 86 8.075 4.25 54.5 578.5
2 1 27 7 90 8.29 4 48 585
2 27 7 85 7.79 4.2 45 587
Average
27 7 87.5 8.04 4.1 46.5 586
Parameter1/Unit
sStatisti
cs
Standard Value for Class2/
Methods for
ExaminationClass1 Class2 Class3 Class4 Class5
1. Color, Odor and Taste - - n n’ n’ n’ - -
2. Temperature C° - n n’ n’ n’ -
Thermometer
3. pH - - n 5-9 5-9 5-9 - Electrometric pH Meter
4. Dissolved Oxygen (DO)2/
mg/l P20 n 6.0 4.0 2.0 - Azide Modification
Remark : 1/The standard value were only given for class 2-4. For class 1, it should be as found in natural environment and class 5 was not given the value2/ The given DO concentrations are the minimum requirement
P Percentile valuen naturallyn' naturally but changing not more than 3°C
* when water hardness not more than 100 mg/l as CaCO3
** when water hardness more than 100 mg/l as CaCO3
Based on Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater recommended by APHA : American Public Health Association, AWWA : American Water Works Association and WPCF : Water Pollution Control Federation
Source : Notification of the National Environmental Board, No. 8, B.E. 2537 (1994), issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act B.E.2535 (1992) , published in the Royal Government Gazette, Vol. 111, Part 16, dated February 24, B.E.2537 (1994).
Classification Objectives/Condition and Beneficial Usage
Class 1
Extra clean fresh surface water resources used for : (1) conservation not necessary pass through water treatment
process require only ordinary process for pathogenic destruction (2) ecosystem conservation where basic organisms can breed
naturally
Class 2
Very clean fresh surface water resources used for : (1) consumption which requires ordinary water treatment process
before use (2) aquatic organism of conservation
(3) fisheries (4) recreation
Class 3
Medium clean fresh surface water resources used for :(1) consumption, but passing through an ordinary treatment
process before using (2) agriculture
Class 4
Fairly clean fresh surface water resources used for : (1) consumption, but requires special water treatment process
before using (2) industry
Class 5The sources which are not classification in class 1-4 and used for
navigation.
ALMOST FINISH BUT…
Class 3
Medium clean fresh surface water resources used for :
(1) consumption, but passing through an ordinary treatment process before using
(2) agriculture
OUR RESULT is…
Temperature = 27.85 degree Celsius.pH = 7.5Transparency = 86 centimetersTurbidity = 8.095 NTUDissolve Oxygen (DO) = 4.25 mg/L and 54.5%Conductivity = 578.5
AFTER CAMPARING AVERAGE RESULTS BELOW WITH TABLES
Then compare recorded valuesWith quality index values!!!
We then get…
Table 1I Results according to water quality index
Samplingpoint
Water quality indexAverag
epH DO Turbidity
11 85 46 82 71
2 90 53 81 74.67
Average 87.5 49.5 81.5 72.85
21 89 40 80 69.67
2 89 35 83 69
Average 89 37.5 81.5 69.335
Comparing Through Water Quality Index Value
BETTERUp to 100
Down to 0WORSE
among 3 parameters (Dissolved Oxygen, Turbidity, pH) because this specified parameters can show obviously the quality of sampling water. Quality index of each parameters, they are showed below.
pH DO Turbidity Average
Average 1
87.5 49.5 81.5 72.85
Average 2
89 37.5 81.5 69.335
Finale AVR
88.25 43.5 81.5 71.093
71 OUT OF 100 IS FAIRLY GOOD FOR US BUTCompare to the former result of class 3 water qualityWe decided it needs improvement.
So….Hopefully ,faculty and our students should help together to conserve water resources, I think the sampling water requires treatment decently. And we should instruct some way to solve the problem of bad quality water resources and consider developing a sustainable management and preventing resource in longer time.
REFERENCES
Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology., School of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology. (2013) Activity Manual; “Activity 4 Water Quality Monitoring”. Pathumthani, COPY center.pp.24-34
"Surface water quality standards".2012-02-30. [http://www.pcd.go.th/info_serv/en_reg_std_water.html]
" Why Are Water Quality Standards Important?".2012-02-30. [http://water.epa.gov/scitech/swguidance/standards/imp.cfm]
MEMBERS SECTION 1 GROUP 4
5622780773 Ms.Sataporn Kunapisitkul5622781599 Mr.Thanakorn Othanavathakit5622781862 Mr.Punyawee Anunpattana5622781904 Ms.Thanyaporn Harncharnchai5622781946 Ms.Pawarit Sula5622781961 Mr.Kawinnathi Rattanayan5622781979 Mr.Jaruwit Chaetong5622790020 Mr.Prach Surimittragool5622790061 Mr.Soravit Deshsorn5622790129 Mr.Kamontep Kamonpraphaporn5622790210 Ms.Nattida Luanratanakorn5622790251 Mr.Werapath Jarupan5622790269 Mr.Prach Sameravanich