Water quality modeling to assess Ciliwung River pollution ...

Ram Krishna REGMI(UNU-IAS Postdoctoral Fellow)

Water quality modeling to assess CiliwungRiver pollution in Jakarta, Indonesia

March 14, 20161

• Sources of pollution of surface water crossing Jakarta:– Water from households, commercial buildings– Discharges from industries– Pesticide and fertilizer run-off from agricultural land– Solid waste– Fecal matter from overflowing or leaking septic tanks

2

Background

• Ciliwung River catchment is the biggest river intersectingthe Jakarta Province.

• This research work was focused on Ciliwung Rivercatchment in Jakarta to study the current trend of changes inthe level of water quality parameters along the river usingWEAP (Water Evaluation And Planning) model.

3

Background

• Highly flexible hydrologic-water quality model and largelyused for integrated water resources planning andmanagement.

• GIS-based, graphical drag & drop interface• Mass balance equations are the foundation of WEAP model• Scenario management capabilities

4River Catchments in the Jabodetabek Region

Study Area

Jakarta City

5

Study Area

152.63km2

64.75km2

52.90km2

45.89km2

73.60km2

Total: 389.77km2

!

Ciliwung River Catchment

Sebelum Pintu Air Manggarai WQ Stn

Intake PAM Condet WQ Stn

Kp Kelapa Gauging Stn

Sugutamu Gauging Stn

Katulampa Gauging Stn

!

WWTP covered area =13.93km2

!

6

Study AreaPopulation

Year

Popu

latio

n

CA1

CA2

CA3

CA4

CA5

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

1600000

1800000

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Year CA1 CA2 CA3 CA4 CA52000 167,081 341,593 424,851 431,276 937,694 2007 212,372 491,636 499,155 449,467 966,153 2010 301,390 719,690 683,279 584,649 1,244,221 2015 386,463 938,731 819,270 652,527 1,373,714 2020 487,259 1,100,199 928,130 721,519 1,487,356 2030 752,479 1,358,621 1,108,621 873,167 1,667,095

Meteorological Data

7

24.5

25.0

25.5

26.0

26.5

27.0

27.5

0102030405060708090

100

Average Temperature (°C)

Average Relative Humidity (%)

Max = 27.23°CMin = 25.68°C

Max = 86.34%Min = 69.71%R

H(%

)

Tem

p (°

C)

8

WEAP interface

Discharge/ Water Quality stationWater SourceWater demand siteWastewater treatment

9

Head In-flow Conditions

0

2

4

6

8

10 Monthly Average DO

DO

(mg/

l)

Max = 8.84 mg/lMin = 6.78 mg/l

0

1

2

3

BO

D (m

g/l)

Monthly Average BOD

Max = 2.36 mg/lMin = 1.40 mg/l

0

5

10

15

20

25Monthly Average Discharge

Flow

(m3 /s

) Max = 22.29 m3/s Min = 4.04 m3/s

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

CO

D (m

g/l)

Monthly Average COD

Max = 10.72 mg/lMin = 6.34 mg/l

WQ parameters were approximated as per the data presented in “http://hywr.kuciv.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ihp/riverCatalogue/Vol_05/3_Indonesia-11.pdf”

0

100

200

300

400

500 2015 2030

10

Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

Month

Rainfall Conditions

Max = 433 mmMin = 76 mm

Max = 436 mmMin = 17 mm

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

SimulationMeasurement

11

Average monthly discharge at Kp Kelapa station (2000-2007)

Flow

(m3 /s

)

Month

!

Results

Max = 33.8 m3/sMin = 6.8 m3/s

Max = 40.6 m3/sMin = 5.7 m3/s

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70


Kp Kelapa Sugutamu IP Condet PA Maggarai

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70



12

Flow

(CM

S)Discharge at different stations (simulation)

!Fl

ow (C

MS)

Month

2015

2030

Results

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9



13

DO

(mg/

l)

Water quality parameters at Intake PAM Condet (2008-2014)

DO

BOD

BO

D (m

g/l)

CO

D (m

g/l)

Month

Month

!

Results

COD

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9



14

DO

(mg/

l)

Water quality parameters at Sebelum Pintu Air Manggarai (2008-2014)

DO

BOD

BO

D (m

g/l)

CO

D (m

g/l)

Month

Month

!

Results

COD

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10



15

DO

(mg/

l)DO at different stations (simulation)

!D

O (m

g/l)

Month

Results

DO < 5mg/l considered as not suitable for aquatic life

2015

2030

0

2

4

6

8

10

12



0

2

4

6

8

10

12



16

BO

D (m

g/l)

BOD at different stations (simulation)!

BO

D (m

g/l)

Results

BOD > 7mg/l considered as not suitable for aquatic life

Month

2015

2030

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50



0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50



17

CO

D (m

g/l)

COD at different stations (simulation)!

CO

D (m

g/l)

Results

2015

2030

Month

18

Conclusions

The simulation results show that the pollution level of theCiliwung River is high and not suitable for aquatic life.

Alternative baseline scenarios can examine vulnerability ofwater qualities to different demographic, technological, &climatological/hydrological futures.

THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION!

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Water quality modeling to assess Ciliwung River pollution ...

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