WATER. OBJECTIVES Describe the diistribution of Earth’s water resources. Explain why fresh water is one of Earth’s limited resources. Describe the.

WATERWATER

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

Describe the diistribution of Earth’s water Describe the diistribution of Earth’s water resources.resources.

Explain why fresh water is one of Earth’s Explain why fresh water is one of Earth’s limited resources.limited resources.

Describe the distribution of Earth’s surface Describe the distribution of Earth’s surface water.water.

Describe the relationship between Describe the relationship between groundwater and surface water in a groundwater and surface water in a watershed.watershed.

THE THE WATER WATER CYCLECYCLE

THE THE EARTHEARTH

THE WATER THE WATER PLANETPLANET

GLOBAL GLOBAL WATER WATER

DISTRIBUTIONDISTRIBUTION

WHERE IS THE WHERE IS THE WATER?WATER?

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/World-map-2004-cia-commons/b/b3/World-map-2004-cia-factbook-large-1.7m-whitespace-factbook-large-1.7m-whitespace-removed.jpgremoved.jpg

SURFACE WATERSURFACE WATER

RIVER SYSTEMSRIVER SYSTEMS As streams As streams

and rivers and rivers move across move across the land they the land they form a flowing form a flowing network callednetwork called RIVER RIVER SYSTEMSYSTEM

Some reasons rivers are important Some reasons rivers are important to civilization: to civilization:

River water is diverted for agricultural irrigation, River water is diverted for agricultural irrigation, industry, hygiene, and related uses.industry, hygiene, and related uses.

Carrying mineral and organic matter Carrying mineral and organic matter Food Food Transportation / Territorial boundaries.Transportation / Territorial boundaries. Hydroelectric Power Hydroelectric Power Recreation Recreation Aesthetics Aesthetics

WHAT IS A WATERSHED?WHAT IS A WATERSHED?

The area of land drained by a river is The area of land drained by a river is known as a known as a WATERSHED.WATERSHED.

A watershed is a precipitation collector.A watershed is a precipitation collector. Not all precipitation that falls in a Not all precipitation that falls in a

watershed flows outwatershed flows out

GROUNDWATERGROUNDWATER

What is Groundwater?What is Groundwater?

Water stored beneath the Earth’s Water stored beneath the Earth’s surface in sediments and rock surface in sediments and rock formations is calledformations is called GROUNDWATER.GROUNDWATER.

Special DataSpecial Data

There are about 50 millions cubic There are about 50 millions cubic Km of groundwater on Earth.Km of groundwater on Earth.

There’s about 20 times more water There’s about 20 times more water underground than in all of the rivers underground than in all of the rivers and lakes on Earth.and lakes on Earth.

Water TableWater Table A level where the rocks and soil A level where the rocks and soil

are saturated with water are saturated with water underground is known as underground is known as WATERTABLE.WATERTABLE.

AQUIFERSAQUIFERS

What is an Aquifer?What is an Aquifer?

An aquifer is An aquifer is an an underground underground formation formation that contains that contains water.water.

Pororsity and PermeabilityPororsity and Permeability

Pororsity .- Pororsity .- is the amount of space is the amount of space between the particles that make up a between the particles that make up a rock.rock.

Permeability.-Permeability.- Is the ability of rock or Is the ability of rock or soil to allow water to flow through it.soil to allow water to flow through it.

CLASSWORK CLASSWORK What is an Aquifer?What is an Aquifer? What do most of Aquifers consist?What do most of Aquifers consist? What is Porosity?What is Porosity? What is Permeability?What is Permeability? COMPLETECOMPLETE The more porous a rock is ___________The more porous a rock is ___________

Continue…Continue…

What are materials that stop the flow of What are materials that stop the flow of water?water?

Where do the most productive aquifers Where do the most productive aquifers usually form?usually form?

What is the Recharge Zone?What is the Recharge Zone? What is a Watershed?What is a Watershed? What factors affect the level of the What factors affect the level of the

Watertable?Watertable?

WATER USE WATER USE AND AND

MANAGEMENMANAGEMENTT

Objectives…Objectives…

Identify the patterns of global water use.Identify the patterns of global water use. Explain how water is treated so it can be Explain how water is treated so it can be

safe for drinking.safe for drinking. Describe how dams and water diversion Describe how dams and water diversion

projects are used to manage fresh water projects are used to manage fresh water resources.resources.

Identify five ways that water can be Identify five ways that water can be conserved.conserved.

Global Water UseGlobal Water Use

ResidentialResidential AgricultureAgriculture IndustryIndustry

WATER WATER TREATMENT TREATMENT

PROCESSPROCESS

Agricultural Water UseAgricultural Water Use

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0c4ob-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0c4ob-uPg48uPg48

One of themost effective methodsOne of themost effective methods

Drip Irrigation: Drip Irrigation: In drip irrigation water is sent In drip irrigation water is sent through plastic pipes with holes in them.  Then through plastic pipes with holes in them.  Then water slowly drips onto the crop’s roots and stems. water slowly drips onto the crop’s roots and stems. Advantages are it is more efficient, loses less Advantages are it is more efficient, loses less water to evaporation, and can irrigate sloping, water to evaporation, and can irrigate sloping, irregularly-shaped land areas that can't be flood irregularly-shaped land areas that can't be flood irrigated. It is also a positive way to water fields irrigated. It is also a positive way to water fields because it increases the amount of grain and because it increases the amount of grain and veggies you get from the crops, and less people veggies you get from the crops, and less people have to work on the fields. This is the most have to work on the fields. This is the most efficient irrigation method of the three.efficient irrigation method of the three.

Drip irrigationDrip irrigation

Ineffective methodIneffective method

Solutions for the futureSolutions for the future http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JdN_Yx_5HzIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JdN_Yx_5HzI

ClassworkClasswork

What are the three major uses for water in What are the three major uses for water in the world?the world?

Why is water aerated in the drinking water Why is water aerated in the drinking water treatment process?treatment process?

Define the term “Potable”.Define the term “Potable”. What are pathogens? Identify three What are pathogens? Identify three

examples of pathogens.examples of pathogens. How much water is used to manufacture a How much water is used to manufacture a

car? (on the average)car? (on the average)

Continues…Continues…

Water is used in industry mainly to…..Water is used in industry mainly to….. Write the 3 steps that show how a power plant’s Write the 3 steps that show how a power plant’s

cooling system works.cooling system works. Define the term irrigation. Define the term irrigation. What is one of the most effective irrigation What is one of the most effective irrigation

methods. Describe it.methods. Describe it. What is a dam ? What is a reservoir?What is a dam ? What is a reservoir? Identify some far-reaching consequences of Identify some far-reaching consequences of

interrupting a river’s flowinterrupting a river’s flow

Continues…Continues…

Mention some purposes for dams and Mention some purposes for dams and reservoirs to exist.reservoirs to exist.

What is XERISCAPING and what is it for?What is XERISCAPING and what is it for? Explain what does the desalination process Explain what does the desalination process

consist on?consist on?

WATER WATER POLLUTIONPOLLUTION

Objectives…Objectives… Compare point source of pollution and Compare point source of pollution and

non-point source of pollution.non-point source of pollution. Classify water pollutants by five types.Classify water pollutants by five types. Explain why groundwater pollution is Explain why groundwater pollution is

difficult to clean.difficult to clean. Describe the major sources of ocean Describe the major sources of ocean

pollution, and explain the effects of pollution, and explain the effects of pollution on ecosystems.pollution on ecosystems.

Water pollution (definition)Water pollution (definition)

Water pollution occurs when a body of Water pollution occurs when a body of water is adversely affected due to the water is adversely affected due to the addition of large amounts of materials to addition of large amounts of materials to the water.  When it is unfit for its intended the water.  When it is unfit for its intended use, water is considered polluted.use, water is considered polluted.

It is also the introduction of chemical, It is also the introduction of chemical, physical or biological agents into water physical or biological agents into water that degrade water quality and adversely that degrade water quality and adversely affect the organisms that depend on the affect the organisms that depend on the water.water.

Two underlying causes Industrialization

Human population explosion

SOURCES SOURCES OF OF

POLLUTIONPOLLUTION

Point Source of PollutionPoint Source of Pollution

Point pollution is pollution that is discharged

from a single source, such as a factory or waste water treatment plant. (you can point to it)

Non-Point source of PollutionNon-Point source of Pollution

Nonpoint pollution is pollution thatcomes from many sources ratherthan a single specific site

Sources of point pollution

Septic tank systems Storage lagoons for polluted waste Municipal landfills Underground storage tanks containing pollutants such as gasoline. Public and industrial wastewater treatment plants.

Sources of nonpoint

Highway construction and maintenance: eroding soil and toxic chemicals. Storm-water runoff from city and suburban streets: oil gasoline, dog feces, litter. Pesticides from croplands. Fertilizers from croplands. Salt on roads for snow and ice control.

Kinds of Pollutants

Pathogens Organic matter Organic chemicals Inorganic chemicals Toxic chemicals Physical agents Radioactive waste

Pathogens Disease-causing

organisms such as bacteria. Occurs when human

sewage is untreated or enters water through storm sewers, and when animal feces wash off land into water.

Organic Matter

Biodegradable remains of animals and plants, including feces.

Generally comes from nonpoint sources.

Organic chemicals

Pesticides, fertilizers, plastics,detergents, gasoline and oil, and other materials made from fossil fuels such as petroleum.

Inorganic chemicals

Acids, salts, toxic metals.

Comes from point and nonpoint sources.

Toxic chemicals

Chemicals that are poisonous to living things, including heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium), and many industrial, and some household, chemicals.

Physical agents

Heat and suspended solids such as soil.

Radioactive waste

From power plants or nuclear processing and defense facilities