Water Inorganic Not energy-yielding Essential. Objectives After reading Chapter 7 and class discussion, you will be able to: –Define terms associated.

Water• Inorganic• Not energy-yielding• Essential

Objectives• After reading Chapter 7 and class

discussion, you will be able to:– Define terms associated with

water and body fluids – Describe the fluid composition of

the body – Describe water balance

Objectives• Identify sources of water and % of

water in selected foods• Discuss symptoms of dehydration• Apply oral rehydration therapy

(ORT) • Describe functions of water

Functions of Water

• Transport • Solvent• Lubricant• Maintain blood volume• Body temperature regulation• Structural support for molecules• Participate in metabolic reactions

Functions of Water

• Transport – Carries nutrients to the

cells and carries away waste materials to the kidneys and out

of the body in urine

Functions of Water

• Solvent – Keeps the following in

solution so they can participate in metabolic activities:•Minerals •Vitamins•Glucose•Many other small

molecules in the body

Functions of Water

• Lubricant– Acts as a lubricant or

cushion around joints; in the eye, the spinal cord

– In pregnancy cushions the amniotic sac surrounding the fetus

Functions of Water

• Maintains blood volume• Body temperature

regulation– evaporation of sweat

from the skim removes excess heat from the body

Functions of Water• Structural support

– Maintains the structure of large molecules such as protein and glycogen

• Metabolic reactions– Water participates in

every step of the process of converting food to energy and tissue

Body Composition

60%

Water in the Body • Nutrient composition of the body

– Water = 60%– Fat = 13-31%

•Male = 13 -21%•Female = 23 -31%

– Carbohydrate, Protein, Vitamins, Minerals, Other = 9 – 27%

Water in the Body• Example: 150# body

– Water = 90#– Fat = 20 -45#– Carbohydrate, Protein, Major

Minerals = 15 -40#– Vitamin, Minor Minerals = < 1#

Water In The Body

• Adult body composition is 60% water; higher in children

• Water is ¾ of weight of lean tissue• Water is ¼ of weight of fat tissue• Proportion of water smaller in

women, obese, and elderly

Body Fluids

• Intracellular• Extracellular

– Interstitial– Intravascular

Water In = Water Out

Water Balance• Water losses

– Obligatory losses=500cc/day (2 c.)• Needed to dispose of body wastes

– Insensible losses – lungs, skin

• Water sources•Food sources (700-1000 cc) •Liquid sources

– Water vs. Liquids

Fluid:Nutrient Comparison

Fluid Free Water (cc) Calories/Protein

Water 240 cc (100%) 0/0

Juice (Apple) 210 cc (88%) 111/0

Whole Milk 214 cc (89%) 150/8

Instant Breakfast 217 cc (80%) 250/13

Fruit Beverage Supplement

191 cc (79%) 300/10

Recommended Water Intake

• 1 cc/kcal (30-35 cc/kg)• 6-10 cups per day • Adequate Intake (AI):

• Men=3.7 L/day (about 14 c/day)• Women=2.7 L/day (about 10 c/day)

Water Balance• Dehydration

– See Signs of Dehydration – Treat with Oral Rehydration Therapy

• Water Intoxication– Hyponatremia

– Athletes – Elderly

Fluid And Electrolyte Imbalance

• Replacing lost fluids/electrolytes– Oral rehydration

therapy (ORT)• ½ L. boiling water• 4 t. sugar• ½ t. salt

Coffee vs. Water• What about coffee/caffeine?

• No significant difference in hydration

• Caffeine naivety

Journal of American College of Nutrition 2000, 2003

Objectives• After reading Chapter 7 and class

discussion, you will be able to:– Define terms associated with water

and body fluids – Describe the fluid composition of the

body – Describe water balance– Identify sources of water and % of

water in selected foods

Objectives• Discuss symptoms of dehydration• Apply oral rehydration therapy

(ORT) • Describe functions of water